Radioimaging of malignant melanoma xenografts in nude mice using 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody against human malignant melanoma

By using ¹¹¹In-labeled monoclonal antibody (ZME-018) against human malignant melanoma, we examined its usefulness in radioimmunodetection of human melanoma xenografts in nude mice. Two human malignant melanoma cell lines were used in this study, KHm-1/4; and KHm-3/ps. KHm-1/4 cells express melanoma-associated antigen which is reactive with ZME-018, whereas KHm-3/ps cells do not. ZME-018 was conjugated with DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) first; then the conjugate was labeled with ¹¹¹In. After these procedures, labeled ZME-018 retained its binding activity against KHm-1/4 cells in vitro. Nude mice, bearing melenoma xenografts started from injections into the right hind legs, were i.p. or i.v. injected with ∽300 μCi (60 μg) of labeled ZME-018. Tumor images were taken with gamma camera at 24 hr intervals. Clear tumor images were obtained by 24 hrs after injection. The best imaging was obtained at 72 hrs with no background of internal organs. Specific localization was confirmed by the absence of imaging in the mice which received free ¹¹¹In only and also by using control mice bearing antigen-negative melanoma cells (KHm-3/PS). An example of tissue distribution of the labeled antibody in terms of tumor to tissue ratio at day 3 is as follows: tumor/intestine; 20/1, tumor/liver; 10/1, tumor/blood; 8/1, tumor/muscle; 8/1, tumor/heart; 3/1, tumor/kidney; 2/1. This study demonstrates the future applicability of ¹¹¹In-labeled monoclonal anti-melanoma antibody for radioimmunodetection of metastatic lesions in melanoma patients.     

S100A12 and vascular endothelial growth factor can differentiate Blau syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever from systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Clinical Rheumatology - Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) has recently become regarded as one of the autoinflammatory syndromes (AIS). However, other AIS, such as familial Mediterranean...     

An association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from lung cancer and respiratory diseases in Japan

Background

Evidence for a link between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer is limited to Western populations. In this prospective cohort study, we examined this association in a Japanese population.

Methods

The study comprised 63 520 participants living in 6 areas in 3 Japanese prefectures who were enrolled between 1983 and 1985. Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) was assessed using data from monitoring stations located in or nearby each area. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios associated with the average concentrations of these air pollutants.

Results

The 10-year average concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂, and NO₂ before recruitment (1974–1983) were 16.8 to 41.9 µg/m³, 2.4 to 19.0 ppb, and 1.2 to 33.7 ppb, respectively (inter-area range). During an average follow-up of 8.7 years, there were 6687 deaths, including 518 deaths from lung cancer. The hazard ratios for lung cancer mortality associated with a 10-unit increase in PM_2.5 (µg/m³), SO₂ (ppb), and NO₂ (ppb) were 1.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.12–1.37), 1.26 (1.07–1.48), and 1.17 (1.10–1.26), respectively, after adjustment for tobacco smoking and other confounding factors. In addition, a significant increase in risk was observed for male smokers and female never smokers. Respiratory diseases, particularly pneumonia, were also significantly associated with all the air pollutants.

Conclusions

Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with lung cancer and respiratory diseases in Japan.Key words: air pollution, lung neoplasms, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide     

体力活动对结直肠癌发病影响的重庆地区大样本病例-对照研究

目的研究重庆地区人群结直肠癌发病危险与体力活动之间的关系.方法进行院内病例-对照研究,478名有效病例和838名对照均选自于2002年1月至2004年6月在第三军医大学3所附属医院住院治疗的重庆本地居民患者,并按年龄相差5岁以内、性别和居住地相同的条件进行配对.采用条件逻辑回归方法计算OR值,表示与疾病危险性的关联程度.结果重体力/极重体力劳动使直肠癌的危险显著增加(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.03～2.17),对结肠癌没有显著影响.而每日保持适当的直立活动时间(2～5 h/d)避免久坐(卧)则对直肠癌有显著保护效应 (OR=0.6,95%CI:0.36～0.99).10年前的体重指数、锻炼频率、睡眠时间等因素对直肠癌或结肠癌均无显著影响.结论体力活动程度对结直肠癌尤其是直肠癌的发病可能存在不同影响.     

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype affects rectal cancer susceptibility due to alcohol consumption

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have shown the association between alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer, especially for rectal cancer. The alcohol related enzyme encoding gene ALDH2 has polymorphism Glu487Lys, and 487Lys allele is closely linked with phenotypic loss of enzyme activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted with 72 colon and 70 rectal cancer cases and 241 non-cancer controls to evaluate the alcohol consumption and ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism. The logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs). RESULT: The crude ORs for Glu/Lys and Lys/Lys genotype relative to Glu/Glu for colon and rectal cancer were not statistically significant. However, with the rectal cancer analysis, the ORs for high alcohol consumption were greater with 487Glu/Lys genotype compared with Glu/Glu, albeit not. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggested rectal cancer risk might be influenced by ALDH2 gene polymorphism. The prevention effect by alcohol reduction might differ by ALDH2 genotype.     

细胞色素P450 2E1基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系

目的：研究细胞色素P4502E1（CYP2E1）基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。方法：对315例结直肠癌患者和439名对照人群进行病例对照研究,PCR-RFLP检测其基因型。结果：1）c1/c1、c1/c2和c2/c2基因型分布频度在结直肠癌组和对照组间差异有统计学意义,Х^2=6.58,P=0.037。与c1/c1基因型相比,c2/c2基因型发生结肠癌的危险性显著升高;2）有饮酒习惯者发生结直肠癌的危险性显著升高;3）CYP2E1RsaⅠ多态与饮酒习惯有显著的协同作用。结论：CYP2E1RsaⅠ基因多态和饮酒习惯影响结直肠癌的易感性,二者在结直肠癌发生中有显著的协同作用。     

Poliomyelitis surveillance in Shandong Province, China, 1990-92.

In Shandong Province, China, programmes were initiated in 1991 for mass immunization against poliomyelitis and for the immediate reporting of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). The incidence of non-poliomyelitis AFP was found to be 0.46-0.61 cases per 100,000 children per annum. It appeared that illness resembling the Guillain-Barré syndrome was underreported. The incidence of such illness peaked among children aged 2-3 years. Although laboratory investigations have improved, in 1992 they were still inadequate in nearly a third of confirmed poliomyelitis cases. As the prevalence of wild poliovirus declines in China, reliable laboratory support needs to be established and adequately sensitive and specific AFP surveillance be developed if poliomyelitis is to be eradicated.     

胸苷酸合成酶基因多态和生活习惯及亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因协同作用与胃癌的易感性

目的　研究胸苷酸合成酶 (TS) 3’ UTR基因多态和生活习惯及亚甲基还原酶基因相互作用与胃癌易感性的关系。方法　在上消化道癌高发区淮安市进行病例对照研究 (胃癌患者 1 0 7例 ,人群对照 2 0 0名 ) ,调查研究对象的生活习惯 ,采用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR RFLP)技术检测研究对象的TS 3’ UTR基因型。结果　 (1 )胃癌组中TS +6bp +6bp、+6bp - 6bp、- 6bp - 6bp基因型频度分别为5 .6 %、47.7%和 46 .7% ,与对照组的 9.0 %、54 .0 %和 37.0 %相比 ,差异无显著性 (χ2 =3 .1 90 ,P =0 .2 0 3)。与携带 +6bp等位基因者相比 ,携带TS - 6bp - 6bp基因型者胃癌发生的危险性有所升高 (调整OR =1 .36 ,95 %CI:1 .0 0～ 1 .78,P =0 .0 4 7)。 (2 )TS - 6bp - 6bp基因型对吸烟、饮酒及不饮茶的习惯在胃癌发生中的作用有放大效应。与携带 +6bp等位基因且不吸烟者或不经常饮酒者或饮茶者相比 ,携带 - 6bp - 6bp基因型且有吸烟习惯者或经常饮酒者或不饮茶者发生胃癌的调整OR分别为 2 .79(95 %CI :1 .51～ 5 .1 8)、1 .76(95 %CI:1 .0 7～ 2 .90 )和 2 .34(95 %CI :1 .43～ 3 .82 )。 (3)TS - 6bp - 6bp基因型与亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶 (MTHFR)C T或T T基因型有协同作用。携带TS - 6bp - 6bp基因型同时     

The ornithine decarboxylase activity of the gastric remnant mucosa: the effect of the duodenal juice with bile on the gastric mucosa

Using male Wister rats, the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the fundic mucosa has been determined from the duodenal juice with bile of a reflux model. The activity at 24 hours postoperatively presented a value approximately 18 times higher than the preoperative level. Though this level declined subsequently, it still was approximately two times higher four weeks later. The ODC activity in the corporal mucosa of humans was compared in 25 normal persons, in 21 patients with a gastric adenoma in 29 patients with a gastric cancer, in 20 patients who had undergone a Billroth I operation and in 20 patients who had undergone a Billroth II operation. No differences in ODC activity were observed among those with a gastric adenoma, a gastric cancer, and normal cases but significantly higher values were seen in cases with a remnant stomach, particularly those who had undergone Billroth II reconstructive surgery. Further, this activity tended to be especially high from 5 to 15 years postoperatively in cases with a gastric remnant.