注射用对氨基水杨酸钠细菌内毒素检验探讨

用<中国药典>2000年版附录细菌内毒素检验法对PAS进行细菌内毒素检测并建立实验方法.实验结果表明用TAL试剂对PAS最大无干扰浓度为5mg/ml,无干扰作用,提示用细菌内毒素检查法检查PAS中的内毒素是可行的.     

西替利嗪凝胶的制备和质量评价

目的:制备西替利嗪凝胶剂,并建立质量控制方法.方法:以卡波姆940为基质制备凝胶,采用紫外分光光度法测定西替利嗪含量,并考察其稳定性.结果:西替利嗪线性范围为6～16 mg·L-1(r=0.996 7),平均回收率为98.23%,RSD为0.69%(n=5),凝胶稳定性良好.结论:该凝胶制备工艺可行,性质稳定.     

Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine via the ROS/HIF-1A Signaling Pathway in an in Vitro Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model

Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological process during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been reported that the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against cerebral I/R injury can be significantly improved by its combination with ultrasound exposure. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the synergistic protective effect remain unclear. In the present work, the damage induced by I/R injury was modeled by glutamate-induced toxicity to pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The ultrasound-enhanced protective effect of TMP was systemically investigated by measuring variations in cell viability, cell migration and levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the oxidative stress-related protein glutathione, apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-8, -9 and -3), as well as expression of related genes (hypoxia-inducible factor-1a, p53, murine double minute2). The results suggest that the ultrasound-enhanced protective effect of TMP against cerebral I/R injury might act via the reactive oxygen species/hypoxia-inducible factor-1a signaling pathway, and an appropriate ultrasound intensity should be selected to achieve an optimal synergistic neuroprotective effect.     

Self‐initiated use of topical cannabidiol oil for epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare blistering skin disorder that is challenging to manage because skin fragility and repeated wound healing cause itching, pain, limited mobility, and recurrent infections. Cannabidiol, an active cannabinoid found in cannabis, is postulated to have antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. We report 3 cases of self‐initiated topical cannabidiol use in patients with epidermolysis bullosa in an observational study. One patient was weaned completely off oral opioid analgesics. All 3 reported faster wound healing, less blistering, and amelioration of pain with cannabidiol use. Although these results demonstrate promise, further randomized, double‐blind clinical trials are necessary to provide scientific evidence of our observed benefits of cannabidiol for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa.     

A meta-analytic review of exposure in group cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

Although the efficacy of exposure is well established in individual cognitive behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), some clinicians and researchers have expressed concerns regarding the use of in-session disclosure of trauma details through imaginal exposure in group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) for PTSD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the empirical support for GCBT in the treatment of PTSD and to compare GCBT protocols that encourage the disclosure of trauma details via in-session exposure to GCBT protocols that do not include in-session exposure. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of GCBT for PTSD were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 651 participants with PTSD were included in the 12 eligible GCBT treatment conditions (5 conditions included in-group exposure, 7 conditions did not include in-group exposure). The overall pre–post effect size of GCBT for PTSD (ES = 1.13 [SE = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.56, p  .001]). suggests that GCBT is an effective intervention for individuals with PTSD. No significant differences in effect sizes were found between GCBT treatments that included in-group exposure and those that did not. Although the attrition rate was higher in treatments that included exposure in-group, this rate is comparable to attrition rates in individual CBT treatments and pharmacotherapy for PTSD. The results from this meta-analysis suggest that concerns about the potentially negative impact of group exposure may be unwarranted, and support the use of exposure-based GCBT as a promising treatment option for PTSD.     

慢诱导插管与快速诱导插管对血流动力学影响的研究

目的探讨慢诱导插管与快速诱导插管对老年患者血流动力学的影响。方法将大连市金州区中医医院2011年12月-2013年12月收治的64例老年恶性肿瘤患者随机分成研究组和对照组,研究组予以慢诱导插管,对照组予以快速诱导插管,比较2组患者血流动力学变化。结果研究组插管前后心率、血压无明显变化,对照组插管前后心率、血压变化显著（P〈0.05）。结论慢诱导诱发的心血管反应较轻,可确保老年恶性肿瘤患者安全度过围手术期,对改善其预后具有重要的应用价值。     

地塞米松预处理对氧糖剥夺大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响

目的探讨地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)对氧糖剥夺(oxygen glucose deprivation,OGD)条件下大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响。方法提取纯化大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,建立血脑屏障OGD模型。在OGD不同时间点(0、30、60 min),以及DEX预处理OGD 60min时,应用辣根过氧化物酶渗漏实验分析血脑屏障的通透性;应用RT-PCR和western blot法分析大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的紧密连接相关蛋白claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化;同时应用免疫荧光方法观察细胞膜上claudin-5的变化。结果与对照组相比,OGD 30、60min,辣根过氧化物酶流量均显著升高;与OGD 60min相比,DEX预处理显著降低了辣根过氧化物酶流量。与对照组相比,OGD30、60min,claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低;与OGD 60min相比,DEX预处理显著增加了claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白表达。免疫荧光观察claudin-5在细胞膜上的表达,与对照组相比,OGD 60min时claudin-5的表达明显减少,DEX预处理后显著增加了claudin-5的表达。结论 DEX预处理降低了OGD条件下的血脑屏障通透性,其机制之一是DEX增加紧密连接相关蛋白claudin-5的表达。     

Immune cell metabolism in autoimmunity

Immune metabolism is a rapidly moving field. While most of the research has been conducted to define the metabolism of healthy immune cells in the mouse, it is recognized that the overactive immune system that drives autoimmune diseases presents metabolic abnormalities that provide therapeutic opportunities, as well as a means to understand the fundamental mechanisms of autoimmune activation more clearly. Here, we review recent publications that have reported how the major metabolic pathways are affected in autoimmune diseases, with a focus on rheumatic diseases.