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31.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli protein secretion is induced in response to conditions similar to those in the gastrointestinal tract. 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
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The pathogenicity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is associated with the expression and secretion of specific bacterial factors. EspB is one such secreted protein which is required to trigger host signaling pathways resulting in effacement of microvilli and cytoskeletal rearrangements. These events presumably contribute to the ensuing diarrhea associated with EPEC infections. EPEC encounters several environmental changes and stimuli during its passage from the external environment into the host gastrointestinal tract. In this paper we show that the secretion of EspB is subject to environmental regulation, and maximal secretion occurs under conditions reminiscent of those in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, secretion is maximal at 37 degrees C, pH 7, and physiological osmolarity. In addition, maximal secretion requires the presence of sodium bicarbonate and calcium and is stimulated by millimolar concentrations of Fe(NO3)3. The secretion of the four other EPEC-secreted proteins appears to be modulated in a manner similar to that of EspB. Our results also show that secretion is not dependent on CO2, as originally reported by Haigh et al. (FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 129: 63-67, 1995), but that CO2 more likely acts as a component of the medium buffering system, since CO2 dependence was abolished by the use of alternative buffers. 相似文献
32.
Immunological functions were repeatedly tested in a patient with hereditary deficiency of transcobalamin II (TC II): he was unable to synthesize immunoglobulins and specific antibodies, but was able to do so normally after injection of high doses of vitamin B 12 (1000 mug per week). Lymphocytes (B and T) were present in normal numbers prior to therapy, thus indicating normal differentiation of stem cells. In contrast, clonal expansion, necessary for immunoglobulin production, was possible only after vitamin B 12 administration. These observations, as well as the well known disturbances in haemopoiesis, indicate that vitamin B 12 is indispensable to rapidly replicating tissues, and that a severe deficiency of this vitamin in the cells can result from the absence of TC II. 相似文献
33.
Determination of amoebicidal activities of multipurpose contact lens solutions by using a most probable number enumeration technique
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Beattie TK Seal DV Tomlinson A McFadyen AK Grimason AM 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(7):2992-3000
Six multipurpose contact lens solutions [All-in-One, All-in-One (Light), ReNu MultiPlus, Optifree Express, Complete, and Solo-care soft] were tested for their efficacies against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts by using a most probable number (MPN) technique for amoebic enumeration. Against trophozoites, All-in-One, ReNu Multiplus, and Optifree Express achieved total kill (log reduction of >3) after the manufacturer's minimum recommended disinfection time (MMRDT), with the remaining solutions failing to reach a log reduction of 1. After 24 h of exposure, all solutions proved trophozoiticidal, achieving, with the exception of Complete (log reduction of 3.13), total kill. Against cysts, All-in-One gave a log reduction of >3 within the MMRDT, with all other solutions failing to achieve a log reduction of 1. After 24 h of exposure, All-in-One achieved total kill of cysts (log reduction of 3.74), ReNu MultiPlus gave a log reduction of 3.15, and the remaining solutions reached log reductions of between 1.09 and 2.27. The MPN technique provides a simple, reliable, and reproducible method of amoebic enumeration that depends on simply establishing the presence or absence of growth on culture plates inoculated with a series of dilutions and determining the MPN of amoebae present from statistical tables. By use of this technique, two of the multipurpose solutions tested, ReNu MultiPlus and Optifree Express, demonstrated effective trophozoiticidal activities within the recommended disinfection times; however, only All-in-One proved effective against both trophozoites and cysts over the same time period. This MPN technique, which uses axenically produced trophozoites and mature, double-walled cysts, has the potential to form the basis of a national standard for amoebicidal efficacy testing of multipurpose contact lens disinfecting solutions. 相似文献
34.
The immunogenicity and antigenicity of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 were studied by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Three distinct antigens were recognized in both coronavirus strains when T-100-solubilized whole virus was tested by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against homologous rabbit antiserum. No antigens cross-reacted between strains, but the electrophoretic patterns against homologous antiserum were highly similar in that both strains had one electrophoretically fast antigen, one of intermediate mobility, and one of slow mobility. Immunization of rabbits with 10(9) plaque-forming units of virus was required for production of antiserum which recognized the three antigens; lesser amounts gave rise to antisera which recognized only one or two components. Precipitin lines excised from two-dimensional immunoelectropherograms were used successfully as immunogens to prepare monospecific antiserum to each of the antigens of OC43 and 229E. Monospecific antiserum to the slow component of 229E neutralized 229E only, and monospecific antiserum to the slow component of OC43 both neutralized and inhibited hemagglutination of OC43 virus. Human convalescent sera which possessed both complement-fixing and neutralizing antibody also recognized the slow-moving component. 相似文献
35.
Shields CM Taylor R Nazarenus T Cheatle J Hou A Tapprich A Haifley A Atkin AL 《Current genetics》2003,44(4):184-194
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATS1 (-tubulin suppressor 1) was originally identified as a high-copy suppressor of class two -tubulin mutations and was proposed to have a regulatory role in coordinating the microtubule state with the cell cycle. Here, we show that Ats1p interacts with Nap1p, a cytoplasmic protein that regulates the activity of the Cdc28p/Clb2p complex. Loss of Nap1p results in a delayed switch from polar to isotropic bud growth. The delayed switch results in elongated buds. Nap1p and Ats1p interact in two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Both nap1 and ats1 cells have a Clb2p-dependent elongated bud morphology. Deletion of ATS1 partially suppresses the elongated bud morphology and benomyl resistance of nap1 mutants. Our results suggest Ats1p might regulate coordination of the microtubule state with the cell cycle through an interaction with Nap1p.Communicated by S. Hohmann 相似文献
36.
37.
In vivo clearance of an intracellular bacterium, Francisella tularensis LVS, is dependent on the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 (IL-12) but not on IL-12 p70 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
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To determine the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in primary and secondary immunity to a model intracellular bacterium, we have comprehensively evaluated infection with Francisella tularensis LVS in three murine models of IL-12 deficiency. Mice lacking the p40 protein of IL-12 (p40 knockout [KO] mice) and mice treated in vivo with neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibodies survived large doses of primary and secondary LVS infection but never cleared bacteria and exhibited a chronic infection. In dramatic contrast, mice lacking the p35 protein (p35 KO mice) of heterodimeric IL-12 readily survived large doses of primary sublethal LVS infection as well as maximal secondary lethal challenge, with only a slight delay in clearance of bacteria. LVS-immune wild-type (WT) lymphocytes produced large amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but p35 KO and p40 KO lymphocytes produced much less; nonetheless, similar amounts of NO were found in all cultures containing immune lymphocytes, and all immune lymphocytes were equally capable of controlling intracellular growth of LVS in vitro. Purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from both WT and p40 KO mice controlled intracellular growth, even though T cells from WT mice produced much more IFN-gamma than those from p40 KO mice, and p40 KO T cells did not adopt a Th2 phenotype. Thus, while IL-12 p70 stimulation of IFN-gamma production may be important for bacteriostasis, IL-12 p70 is not necessary for appropriate development of LVS-immune T cells that are capable of controlling intracellular bacterial growth and for clearance of primary or secondary LVS infection. Instead, an additional mechanism dependent on the IL-12 p40 protein, either alone or in another complex such as the newly discovered heterodimer IL-23, appears to be responsible for actual clearance of this intracellular bacterium. 相似文献
38.
39.
Ka Hing Wong Kenny Chi-Wai Chan Shui Shan Lee Sik To Lai Nelson Lee Clive Cockram Wai Sang Poon Tak Yin Tsang Yuk Keung Tso Ka Fai To 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2007,40(2):173-177
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated smooth muscle tumor (SMT) is a recognized but uncommon disease that is found to occur in patients with immunocompromised conditions such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These tumors may be multifocal and located at unusual sites, such as the brain and liver. This report describes the case of 2 AIDS patients with EBV-associated SMT and highlights the features and outcome of this rare but potentially important tumor in human immunodeficiency virus management. 相似文献
40.
Roger T Anderson Lari Wenzel Ann P Walker Andrea Ruggiero Ronald T Acton Mark A Hall Diane C Tucker Elizabeth Thomson Barbara Harrison Edmund Howe Joan Holup Catherine Leiendecker-Foster Tara Power Paul Adams 《Genetics in medicine》2006,8(11):681-687
PURPOSE: Assess the quality of life impact of receiving indeterminate test results for hemochromatosis, a disorder involving HFE genetic mutations and/or elevated serum transferrin saturation and ferritin. METHODS: The study sample was from the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study, a large observational study of hemochromatosis among primary care patients in the US and Canada using HFE genotype and serum transferrin saturation and ferritin screening. Study subjects included 2,304 patients found with hemochromatosis risk of uncertain clinical significance. Assessed was SF-36 general health and emotional well-being before screening and six weeks after participants received their test results. Health worries were assessed after screening. RESULTS: Of the study subjects, 1,268 participants (51.5%) completed both assessments. Compared to normal controls, those with HFE mutations or elevated serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels of uncertain significance were more likely to report diminished general health and mental well-being, and more health worries. These effects were associated with participants' belief of having tested positive for hemochromatosis or iron overload. CONCLUSION: Notification of indeterminate results from screening may be associated with mild negative effects on well-being, and might be a potential participant risk in screening programs for disorders with uncertain genotype-phenotype. 相似文献