果酸联合调q激光治疗中波紫外线诱导黄褐斑鼠模型的实验研究

目的 研究果酸联合调q激光治疗中波紫外线诱导的黄褐斑鼠模型的疗效及可能机制。方法 选取健康雌性豚鼠30只,分为正常组（6只）和实验组（24只）。实验组予中波紫外线联合黄体酮注射液复制黄褐斑鼠模型,从中随机选取6只与正常组豚鼠一起处死,观察血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛(MDA)的表达水平,局部皮损行HE及免疫组织化学染色。实验组余18只为模型组,随机分为A、B、C组,每组6只。A组予以果酸联合调q激光治疗,B组予以氢醌治疗,C组不做任何处理。4个月后分别检测各组豚鼠血清、肝脏、皮肤SOD活力、MDA表达水平及皮肤组织病理改变。结果 模型组黄褐斑鼠模型复制区可见深褐色斑形成;模型组与正常组比较,血清SOD水平下降,MDA水平上升（P?<0.05）;模型组皮损HE及免疫组织化学染色显示病理表现符合黄褐斑病理改变;A、B组与C组比较,A组、B组皮损肉眼观及组织病理表现明显改善;治疗后血清、肝脏、皮肤中SOD水平上升,MDA水平下降（P?<0.05）,A组与B组比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。结论 果酸联合调q激光治疗黄褐斑鼠疗效显著,可能与果酸的剥脱作用、抗氧化作用,以及调q激光选择性破坏黑素细胞、减少黑色素生成有关。     

中医药促进新型冠状病毒肺炎恢复期康复临床研究方案

恢复期是新型冠状病毒肺炎中医临床治疗继早期、进展期、危重期之后的第4个阶段。该阶段的康复治疗对本次新冠肺炎后期疫情的防治和防控都具有重大意义。依托2020年四川省科技厅应对新型冠状病毒科技攻关应急项目,本方案将给予健康指导和龟息调肺功法康复作为基础治疗,对照组给予基础治疗,试验组给予基础治疗+口服参苓白术散+外用灸法,分别在第0天、2周、12周、24周对患者进行生活质量评定量表,焦虑自评量表,抑郁自评量表、血常规、血生化、新冠肺炎病毒核酸检测和胸部CT检查及对患者密切接触者健康状况进行观察。该方案已通过伦理审查及临床试验注册,希望为新冠肺炎恢复期治疗提供高级别的证据。     

Electrocardiographical case. Beware of this ECG in patients presenting with cardiogenic shock

A 64-year-old Chinese man presented to the Accident and Emergency Department with chest pain and was found to be in cardiogenic shock. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed features of acute myocardial infarction due to left main coronary artery occlusion,which had no ST elevation in precordial leads. Emergency coronary angiogram revealed left main coronary artery complete occlusion. Percutaneous intervention of the left main coronary artery was carried out. The epidemiology and clinical features of a left main occlusion were briefly described, and ECG features of a left main occlusion were discussed.     

Comparison of Methodologies for Calculating Quality Measures Based on Administrative Data versus Clinical Data from an Electronic Health Record System: Implications for Performance Measures

New reimbursement policies and pay-for-performance programs to reward providers for producing better outcomes are proliferating. Although electronic health record (EHR) systems could provide essential clinical data upon which to base quality measures, most metrics in use were derived from administrative claims data. We compared commonly used quality measures calculated from administrative data to those derived from clinical data in an EHR based on a random sample of 125 charts of Medicare patients with diabetes. Using standard definitions based on administrative data (which require two visits with an encounter diagnosis of diabetes during the measurement period), only 75% of diabetics determined by manually reviewing the EHR (the gold standard) were identified. In contrast, 97% of diabetics were identified using coded information in the EHR.The discrepancies in identified patients resulted in statistically significant differences in the quality measures for frequency of HbA1c testing, control of blood pressure, frequency of testing for urine protein, and frequency of eye exams for diabetic patients. New development of standardized quality measures should shift from claims-based measures to clinically based measures that can be derived from coded information in an EHR. Using data from EHRs will also leverage their clinical content without adding burden to the care process.     

糖尿病下呼吸道感染病原菌特点及其耐药性分析

目的探讨糖尿病下呼吸道感染的细菌学特点及耐药情况。方法分析59例糖尿病住院患者合并医院内下呼吸道感染的临床资料。结果糖尿病患者下呼吸道感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主（71．2％），其中大肠埃希菌占26．9％，G^-菌对亚胺培南耐药率为0％；G^＋球菌占21．9％，G^＋球菌对万古霉素耐药率为0％；共分离出耐药菌株21株占28．7％；比较耐药细菌组和非耐药细菌组间患者的脏器衰竭情况及白蛋白均有差异。结论糖尿病下呼吸道感染病原菌以G杆菌常见，对泰能敏感；应重视糖尿病下呼吸道感染患者细菌学特点及耐药性，合理使用抗生素，积极改善脏器功能，以提高治愈率。     

Surgical outcome and clinical follow-up in patients with symptomatic myocardial bridging

Background Myocardial bridging with systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) may be associated with myocardial ischaemia. The clinical outcome in patients with surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging remains undetermined. This study assessed the middle- and long-term results of surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging. Methods From 1997 to 2006, 37 463 patients received selective coronary angiography in the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Beijing, China. Of these, 484 patients had angiographic diagnosis of myocardial bridging. Of the 484 patients, 35 underwent surgery for treatment of myocardial bridging with significant systolic arterial compression. Among the surgical treatment patients, 24 presented with other cardiac disorders, and the remaining 11 symptomatic patients with isolated myocardial bridging were included in the follow-up study. Results The angiographic prevalence of myocardial bridging was 1.3% in this study. The coronary angiographies of the 11 patients revealed myocardial bridging in the middle segment of LAD causing systolic compression ≥75% (ranging from 75% to 90%). The mean age of patients was 48.4 years. Surgical myotomy was performed in 3 patients and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 8 patients. Eight patients were operated on with an off-pump approach and 3 with a cardiopulmonary bypass technique after median sternotomy. Conversion to on-pump CABG surgery was necessary in 1 patient because of perforation of the right ventricle. The left internal mammary artery was used in all patients with CABG. The acute clinical success rate was 100% with respect to the absence of myocardial infarction, death or other major in-hospital complications. All of the patients were followed up clinically. The median follow-up was 35.3 months (range: 6 to 120 months). Nine patients were free from symptoms and one of them continued taking beta blockers. The remaining 2 patients with myotomy had atypical chest pain. One received coronary angiography again and no stenosis was found two years after operation; while exercise testing was performed in the other patient and revealed no evidence of myocardial ischaemia. None of the patients sustained a myocardial infarction or other major adverse cardiac events (death or vessel revascularization) during follow-up.Conclusions Myocardial bridging is a relatively common angiographic finding. Surgical myotomy or CABG should be limited to patients who are refractory to oral medication. Surgical relief of myocardial ischaemia due to systolic compression of intramyocardial coronary arteries can be accomplished with low operative risk and excellent middle- and long-term results.     

Randomized controlled trial of the absorbency of four dressings and their effects on the evaporation of burn wounds

Background Wound dressings are divided into traditional and new types. The new dressings are thought to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this study was to supplement the scanty data on the absorbency of the new dressings and their effects on evaporation from the burn surface. Methods The water absorption rate of four dressings (carbon fiber dressing, hydrogel dressing, silver nanoparticle dressing, and vaseline gauze) were measured by the immersion-weight gain method. A total of 120 inpatients with 10% superficial partial-thickness burn wounds were randomly assigned to four groups, each with 30 participants. Carbon fiber dressing, hydrogel dressing, and silver nanoparticle dressing were used in groups A, B, and C as the primary dressing, and traditional vaseline gauze was used in group D as the control. Multi-spot evaporation from normal skin and naked wound, and from wounds covered with each of the four dressings was measured post-burn on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by an EP-I evaporimeter under conditions of 21&ordm;C –22&ordm;C ambient temperature and 74%–78% humidity. Results The absorption rates of the four dressings were 988% with carbon fiber dressing, 96% with silver nanoparticle, 41% with vaseline gauze, and 6% with hydrogel. Evaporation from the naked burn wounds was about 1/3 higher than from normal skin (P&lt;0.01). Compared with wounds without applied dressing, evaporation from dressed wounds decreased and was time-dependent (P&lt;0.01). The evaporation of wounds with carbon fiber dressing was the lowest ((13.40 ± 2.82) ml&#8729;h(-1)&#8729;m(-2), P&lt;0.01) on day 1 post-burn, compared with the other groups. Conclusion All four dressings have water retention capacity while carbon fiber dressing has the highest absorption rate and shows the best containment and evaporation from the burn wound.     

大学英语词汇教学探索

本文着重强调词汇在大学英语教学中的重要性,探讨了大学英语词汇教学的内容及核心,并且根据自己的教学实践,阐述了有效的词汇教学方法不仅能极大促进学生对词汇的记忆和掌握,同时还有助于提高学生其他方面的能力.     

The early risk stratification of the patients with acute chest pain

Objective: This investigation was designed to stratify patients with acute chest pain based on their symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac injury markers and the number of accompanying traditional risk factors(smoking, obesity, hyperlipemia, hypertension, diabetes), and to assess the effect of the above factors to obtain a risk stratification for patients with chest pain. Methods: We identified 139 patients with acute chest pain, including 45 myocardiac infarction patients, 65 unstable angina patients and 29 chest pain patients without identified acute coronary syndrome(ACS) admitted to our Coronary Heart Center during December 2004 to February 2005. All patients accepted coronary angiography. All data was collected using questionnaires. Based on reported symptom, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac injury markers and the number of the accompanying traditional risk factors, we stratified all patients into four groups: Group 1, patients with acute chest pain, ECG changes and abnormal cardiac injury biomarkers. Group 2, patients with acute chest pain and ECG changes(without abnormal cardiac injury biomarkers). Group 3, patients with acute chest pain, normal ECG, normal cardiac injury biomarkers and >2 traditional risk factors. Group 4, patients with acute chest pain, normal ECG and normal cardiac injury biomarkers, but only≤2 traditional risk factors. From this data we examined the difference of ACS incidence in the four groups. Results:After stratification the ACS incidence of the grouped patients in turn was 100%, 84%, 69.6% and 53.3%. The combination of early phase ECG and cardiac injury markers identified 70.9% patients with ACS(the specificity being 90.7%). The mortality of group 3 was higher compared with group 4(69.6% vs 53.3%), however the P value was more than 0.05 and didn’t show significant statistical difference. The correlation analysis found the number of the traditional risk factors had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.202, P = 0.044) with the number of stenosis being more than 50% of the artery diameter. Multiple linear regression showed the hypertension had a significant correlation with the number of the diseased regions(P = 0.014). Conclusions:The risk stratification based on the symptom, ECG, cardiac injury markers and accompanying traditional risk factors is both important and available in practice. It is unsuitable for patients with a normal ECG and cardiac injury markers to differentiate ACS from non-cardiac chest pain relying only on the number of the accompanying traditional risk factors. However we found the number of the risk factors can indicate the disease severity.