异氟烷和异丙酚对体外循环心内直视手术患者围术期脑氧代谢和脑损伤影响的研究

目的：观察异氟烷和异丙酚麻醉对体外循环（CPB）心内直视手术患者围术期脑氧供需平衡及脑损伤标记物S100β和神经元性烯醇化酶（NSE）蛋白浓度的影响。方法：将30例择期行体外循环瓣膜置换手术病人随机分为异氟烷麻醉组和异丙酚麻醉组。分别于CBP开始前（T1）、鼻咽温降至稳定期（L）．复温至36℃（T3）,CBP结束后30m;n（T4）．CPB结束后6h（T5）和CPB结束后24h（T6）抽取桡动脉血和颈静脉球部血样检测血气并测定颈内静脉血S-100B和NSE蛋白的浓度。结果：CPB前两组患者颈内静脉球氧饱和度（Sjv02）,动脉一颈内静脉血氧含量差（Da—jv02）及氧摄取率（CERO2）和脑损害标记物s100B及NSE蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;随着降温逐渐加深两组Sjv02明显升高．Da—jvO2和CERO2明显降低．复温开始后两组SjvO2较CPB前明显降低,而Da—jvO2．CERO2则明显升高（P〈0．05）;CPB开始后两组血浆s100β和NSE蛋白浓度逐渐升高。复温期达到峰值．s100β蛋白浓度在停机24h后恢复至基础水平,NsE蛋白浓度仍略高于CPB前水平;两组各指标比较．异丙酚组的变化幅度要明显低于异氟烷组。结论：两种麻醉方式均可满足CPB下瓣膜置换手术的需要,与异氟烷组比较．异丙酚麻醉更有利于CBP下患者脑氧代谢的改善和脑损伤的保护。     

脊柱病变为主的骨髓瘤的诊断和外科治疗

[目的]探讨以脊柱病变为主的骨髓瘤的的诊断方法和外科治疗的指征、方式及效果。[方法]对本科自1996。2004年收治的13例以脊柱病变为主的骨髓瘤患者的临床表现、辅助检查及外科治疗情况进行回顾分析。本组资料13例患者，男性5例，女性8例，平均47．67岁。行X线、CT、MRI、ECT、术前／术中病理活检等检查，均行外科手术治疗：经前路椎体肿瘤切除、钛网植骨或骨水泥椎体植入、钢／钛板内固定7例，经后路全脊椎切除、钛网植骨、椎弓根钉固定4例，联合入路肿瘤切除、前路钛网植入、钛板内固定、后路经椎弓根固定2例。[结果]术后患者疼痛症状明显缓解，脊髓或神经根压迫症状改善，生活质量提高，2例截瘫患者Frankel分级分别由B级、C级变为D级，患者均获随访，平均随访36．75个月，1例复发，3例死亡。[结论]X线检查可提供诊断线索，CT与MRI在诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要作用，ECT检查可发现全身多个病灶，病理活检是可靠的诊断方法，选择性手术治疗可使患者症状得到明显持久缓解，须结合化疗、放疗等其他治疗，才能得到最好的治疗效果。     

肝细胞肝癌循环肿瘤细胞研究进展及其在肝移植中的应用前景

肝细胞肝癌（HCC）是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,HCC的早期诊断和预后评估在肝癌治疗中具有重要意义。循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）作为HCC复发转移中的关键环节以及HCC—CTC检测的可行性,使其成为肝癌研究的前沿和热点,在肝移植术后免疫抑制状态下,CTC产生并存活下来的概率大大增加。本文就HCC-CTC与其他循环肿瘤细胞的区别、HCC—CTC检测方法和临床研究进展以及在肝癌肝移植中的应用前景进行了综述。     

Validation of 5 prediction models for acute kidney injury and its outcome after cardiac surgery procedures in Chinese patients

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical usefulness and value of the 5 models for the prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI), severe AKI which renal replacement treatment was needed (RRT-AKI) and death after cardiac surgery procedures in Chinese patients. Methods One thousand and sixty - seven patients who underwent cardiac surgery procedures in the department of cardiac surgery in the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between May 2010 and January 2011 were involved in this research. The predicting value for AKI (AKICS), RRT-AKI (Cleveland, SRI and Mehta score) and death (EURO score) after cardiac surgery procedures was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the calibration and area under receiver operation characteristic curve (AUROC) for the discrimination. ResultsThe incidence of AKI was 20.34%(217/1067), and 63.13% of their renal function recovered completely. The incidence of RRT-AKI was 3.56%(38/1067) and the mortality of AKI and RRT - AKI was 9.68%(21/217) and 44.73%(17/38) respectively. The total mortality was 3.28%（35/1067）. The discrimination and calibration for the prediction of AKI of AKICS were low. For the prediction of RRT-AKI, the discrimination and calibration of Cleveland score were high enough, but the predicated value was lower than the real value (1.70% vs 3.86%). The discrimination of Mehta score and the calibration of SRI were low. The discrimination and calibration for the prediction of death of EURO score was low. ConclusionAccording to the 2012 KDIGO AKI definition, none of the 5 models above is good at predicting AKI after cardiac surgery procedures. Cleveland score has been validated to have a proper impact on predicting RRT-AKI after cardiac surgery procedures, but the predicting value is still in doubt. EURO score has been validated to have an inaccurate predicting value for death after cardiac surgery procedures.     

Decreased lymphocyte and increased monocyte count in peripheral blood is associated with cardiovascular disease and one - year mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between peripheral white blood cell count including its subtypes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and one-year all-cause mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. MethodsA total of 371 MHD patients at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between March 2009 and February, 2011 were enrolled. Demographic, hematological, nutritional and inflammatory markers were obtained. All patients were followed for one year to investigate the risks for CVD event and mortality. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to assess the relationship between white blood cell count and other laboratory parameters. Difference in categorical factors between two groups were determined with Chi-square test, Difference in continuous values between two groups were assessed with t test. Kaplan - Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to assess one-year mortality predictors. ResultsPatients with CVD event had lower lymphocyte count level (1.17±0.38 vs 1.34±0.51, P＜0.05) and higher monocyte count level (0.44 ± 0.15 vs 0.37 ± 0.15, P＜0.01) than those without CVD event. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that an increased lymphocyte count was associated with reduced mortality risk, 95%CI: 0.136-0.719, P＜0.01) and that an increased monocyte count was associated with increased mortality risk, 95% CI: 2.657 - 74.396, P＜0.01) after adjustment for hsCRP. ConclusionDecreased lymphocyte level and increased monocyte level are significantly related to CVD event and are independent predictors of increased one - year all - cause mortality risk in MHD patients.     

小鼠肝脏持续低灌注模型的建立及其对热缺血再灌注损伤的耐受性

目的 建立一种稳定的小鼠肝脏持续低灌注模型,并在此基础上研究肝脏持续低灌注对小鼠肝脏热缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 选用6～8周龄C57BL/6小鼠建模,将门静脉缩窄至1 mL注射器针头直径,门静脉缩窄后3d、7d、14d和21 d行肝功能及肝脏组织病理学检测;选用稳定的模型小鼠行70％缺血再灌注手术,再灌注3h、24 h、48 h后行肝功能及肝脏组织病理学检测.对照组采用正常C57BL/6小鼠行缺血再灌注手术.结果 小鼠门静脉缩窄术后,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)均有不同程度的升高,在7d时达到高峰[ALT:(60.8±6.2)U/L vs (25.5±2.8) U/L,P＜0.001;AST:(74.9±6.1)U/L vs (39.1±3.2) U/L,P＜0.001),同时H-E染色显示7d时肝细胞损伤最重,并且有较多炎细胞浸润;在21 d时,ALT基本恢复正常水平(P＞0.05),而AST仍高于正常水平(P=0.03).低灌注处理7d的小鼠进行缺血再灌注手术后,肝酶和组织病理学检查显示肝细胞损伤较对照组显著加重,肝酶在再灌注3h达到高峰[ALT:(8 217.0±1 111.8) U/L vs(5 597.4±1 015.3) U/L,P=0.004;AST:(8 548.2±1 155.4)U/L vs(5 765.4±956.9)U/L,P=0.003];再灌注48 h时,对照组小鼠ALT和AST均恢复正常,而经过低灌注处理的小鼠肝酶仍高于对照组[ALT:(608.8±442.9)U/L vs (47.4±20.1)U/L,P=0.008;AST:(861.8±442.8)U/L vs (70.8±68.3)U/L,P=0.008).结论 成功建立了稳定的小鼠肝脏持续低灌注模型,经持续低灌注处理后的肝脏对热缺血再灌注损伤的耐受能力显著降低,这在一定程度上能够模拟临床上心死亡器官捐献供肝的状况.     

不同时期行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术的疗效评价

目的探讨不同时期行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤患者的疗效、预后及其对患者神经功能的影响。方法将行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者138例根据手术距发病时间分为早期组(手术据距发病时间≤3d,n=48)、间期组(4d≤手术距发病时间≤14d,n=48)和延期组(手术距发病时间≥15d,n=42)。3组均获得为期1年的随访。比较3组疗效、并发症发生情况、1年生存率和治疗前后的生存质量(SF-36)评分。结果间期组术后肢体活动障碍发生率和总并发症发生率高于早期组和延期组(P0.05)。间期组1年生存率低于早期组和延期组(χ~2=5.03、4.53,P0.05),治疗后生存质量得分亦低于早期组和延期组(P0.05)。治疗后3组生存质量得分均较治疗前提高(P0.05)。结论早期和延期行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤可减少术后肢体活动障碍等并发症的发生,改善预后和生存质量。     

The Association of Maternal Body Composition and Dietary Intake with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during the Second Trimester in a Cohort of Chinese Pregnant Women

Objective To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in 11 hospitals from May 20, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary surveys were used to determine body composition and to evaluate the intake of nutrients in subjects at 21-24 weeks’ gestation (WG). Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of GDM morbidity. Results Age, pre-pregnant body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of GDM. Fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FMP), extracellular water (ECW), BMI, BW, energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates at 21-24 WG were associated with an increased risk of GDM. In contrast, fat free mass (FFM), muscular mass (MM), and intracellular water (ICW) were associated with a decreased risk of GDM. Conclusion Maternal body composition and dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM morbidity.     

下肢动脉疾病数据管理平台构建

分析传统随访工作现状和不足,从具体需求、功能特点、技术方案等方面阐述下肢动脉疾病数据管理平台设计与构建,指出该平台有助于提高随访率,促进医患间建立良好的随访关系,为科研工作开展提供支持。