第十届全军骨科学术大会会议纪要

由解放军医学科学委员会骨科专业委员会主办，第三军医大学西南医院骨科承办的第十届全军骨科学术大会于2007年9月21～23日在重庆召开。大会共收到来自101个单位的1438篇稿件，其中有来自大学教学医院和各级总院，也有来自基层驻军医院及边防哨所卫生队。内容涉及骨科各个领域，包括：军事医学与严重创伤，颈胸腰椎退变、感染、畸形及其相关基础研究，[第一段]     

595 nm可调脉冲染料激光治疗皮肤血管异常性疾病疗效分析

目的观察595nm可调脉冲染料激光治疗皮肤血管异常性疾病(血管畸形与血管瘤)的临床疗效。方法应用595nm可调脉冲染料激光治疗396例皮肤血管异常性疾病,观察临床疗效。结果毛细血管扩张和蜘蛛痣疗效最好,有效率为100%,其次是草莓状血管瘤,有效率为92.4%,鲜红斑痣为82.8%。面积越小,年龄越小,疗效越好(P<0.05);性别与疗效无明显差异。术中疼痛较轻,术后副作用少。结论595nm可调脉冲染料激光治疗皮肤血管异常性疾病安全性高,疗效确切。     

FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS ON SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA IN FUTSING, FUKIEN PROVINCE

Although the schistosomiasis orea of the Futsing district, Fukien province, has been known for several years, its range of endemicity and the incidence of infection among the rural population are not de. finitely known. In a former publication (Tang, 1936) the writer 1isted onIy 29 localities in which snail intermediate hosts were collect ed. Recently a survey of this area was conducted by Chen (1939) with several more places added to the list. In view of the growing amount of work regarding the incidence of human infection and the bionomics of the snails host in different parts of this country (Tootell, 1924; Chen and Li, 1929, 1930; Kan and Yao, 1934; Kan and Kung, 1936; Watt, 1936; Wu, 1938), it is considered desirable to make fur ther investigations on the prevalence of the disease in this area and the exact distribution of the molluscan host so that the data here secured could be compared with those obtained elsewhere in this country.     

环缩酚肽抑制视网膜表达VEGF及PECAM基因和血管增生

[目的]观察两种环缩酚肽衍生物(Hep-A和Hep-B)对氧诱导的小鼠视网膜表达血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和细胞黏附分子(PECAM;ICAM-1;VCAM-1)基因的影响及血管增生的变化.[方法]建立氧诱导的血管增殖性视网膜病变模型,12 d开始给小鼠皮下注安慰剂(第1组,n=7)、Hep-A 10 mg/kg(第2组,n=6)或者Hep-B 10 mg/kg(第3组,n=6),每天两次.5 d后取出左侧眼,分离视网膜并抽提RNA,用荧光定量PCR测出上述基因含量,并分别求出每个靶基因与标准基因S16含量的比率;右眼经心脏荧光素灌注后取眼球做视网膜平铺片,用图像分析软件定量计算视网膜新生血管的面积.[结果]视网膜中VEGF/S16的mRNA比率为:第1组(0.554±0.050),第2组(0.355±0.037),第3组(0.287±0.051);PECAM/S16为:第1组(2.050±0.249),第2组(1.228±0.153),第3组(1.027±0.210).经ANOVA分析,第2组和第3组分别与第1组比较,视网膜中VEGF基因表达分别减少36%和48.2%(P=0.001);PECAM基因表达分别减少40.1%(P＜0.05)和49.9%(P＜0.01);而VCAM-1和ICAM-1表达无明显差异.视网膜平片检测视网膜新生血管面积:第1组为(1.06±0.03)mm2/眼,第2组为(0.17±0.01)mm2/眼,第3组为(0.11±0.01)mm2/眼;经ANOVA分析,第2组和第3组分别与第1组比较,视网膜新生血管的面积明显减少(P＜0.001).[结论]两种环缩酚肽衍生物均抑制氧诱导的小鼠视网膜表达VEGF和PECAM基因,并抑制其形成视网膜新生血管.     

本科护生实习期戴圆筒帽的三方观点调查

目的调查本科护生、带教教师和患者三方对护生实习期戴圆筒帽的看法,为更有利于护生的工作和学习以及营造祥和协调的医疗生活环境提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法及访谈法对112名本科护生及50名科室带教教师和100例患者就其对本科护生实习期戴圆筒帽的看法和建议进行调查。结果96.42%本科护生认为戴圆筒帽弊大于利,88.39%不乐意戴圆筒帽。94.00%带教教师对护生戴燕尾帽无异议。58.00%患者认为实习护生戴圆筒帽使科室护理群体看起来不协调,62.00%认为给他们一种不安全和不可信任感。结论带教实习期戴圆筒帽给护生实习带来负面影响。     

抗肿瘤坏死因子-α治疗对强直性脊柱炎患者外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞调节作用的初步研究

目的 探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋T调节细胞（Treg）在强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者发病机制中的作用，并通过其在抗肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α治疗前后的变化，了解抗TNF-α制剂治疗AS的免疫学机制。方法 纳入的10例AS患者均符合1984年修订的纽约标准。治疗使用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白（rh TNFR—Fc）腹部皮下注射，50mg，每周1次×8周。健康志愿者10名，分别抽取外周血10ml，常规分离淋巴细胞惮核细胞。用流式细胞仪检测CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞、CD4^＋CD25^high T细胞数量、CTLA-4表达。结果治疗前AS患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg/CD4^＋T为（24＋9）％，高于健康志愿者和经rhTNFR—Fc治疗后的患者（P均〈0．05）。AS患者CD4^＋CD25^high／CD4^＋T淋巴细胞为（6±6）％，亦高于健康志愿者和经rhTNFR—Fc治疗后的AS患者（P均〈0．05）。AS患者CTLA-4为0．15±0．15，高于健康志愿者和治疗后AS患者（P均〈0．05）。结论 在AS患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg数量升高可能参与了AS的发病。CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg数量的变化在一定程度上表现出对于抗TNF-α治疗前后病情的评估作用。     

快速富集骨髓干细胞复合羟基磷灰石三钙在胸腰椎骨折中的应用

胸腰椎骨折在临床上是脊柱骨折的好发部位,后路手术多采用椎弓根钉系统复位固定加椎板间或横突间植骨融合。后外侧融合是降低内固定失败、减少纠正丢失等并发症的有效措施。传统植骨采用自体髂骨,也有运用同种异体骨,但有一定并发症发生率。近年来有单纯运用骨髓移植治疗骨缺损     

松质骨螺钉骨水泥强化的生物力学和组织学研究

目的通过动物实验观察不同骨水泥强化松质骨螺钉的生物力学和组织学变化动态,为骨质疏松骨折患者内固定提供理论基础。方法在10只杂种犬胫骨近端制作松质骨螺钉植入的动物模型,分别采用碳酸化羟基磷灰石水泥(CHC)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)强化,分别于术后5d、4、8、12和16周处死动物,观察螺钉拔出的生物力学和组织学变化。结果CHC强化的螺钉拔出力随手术后时间的延长而逐渐升高,16周时达到(512.5 14.5)N,而PMMA强化组螺钉拔出力则随手术后时间的延长而逐渐降低。CHC-骨界面结合紧密,并且随时间延长出现CHC降解和骨长入,而PMMA-骨界面形成一层纤维组织。结论CHC强化能够提高松质骨螺钉植入体内的稳定性,并且随植入时间延长而逐渐升高。     

多动综合征患儿的脑电图分析

目的：探讨脑电图在儿童多动综合征诊断中的价值。方法：比较多动综合征儿童150例（A组）与非多动综合征儿童100例（B组）的脑电图，同时采用中药对A组进行治疗。结果：A组脑电图异常率（56．7％）明显高于B组（17．0％，P〈0．01）；A组不同年龄段脑电图异常率差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），但不同性别比较差异无显著性意义。中药治疗后A组脑电图异常率明显改善。结论：多动综合征儿童的脑电图异常率较高，脑电图对儿童多动综合征的诊断有一定价值。     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.