腋臭外科治疗的临床与病理观察

目的:探讨既可达到治疗彻底、疗效持久、局部美观,又无功能影响,为大家公认的腋臭外科手术术式.方法:对临床588例病例回顾总结及30例病理组织进行观察对比分析.结果:四种主要手术方法(术式)中传统的腋臭根治性切除术272例(其中一半行Z成形术)治疗彻底,只有3例(1.1%)有残留气味,但切口瘢痕长,要求修复瘢痕者有36例(包括外院手术后).吸刮抽吸术46例中治疗不够彻底近期发现残留气味者就有5例.超声抽吸者共43例,经过病理学检查30例中有22例有顶泌汗腺残留,说明单靠超声不能达到治疗目的.腋窝皱襞横形小切口分二层修剪掏出术共227例,有3例有残留气味,但从2007年后进一步改进修剪技术后从病理学观察证实可以达到无顶泌汗腺残留.结论:改良后的腋窝皱襞1～2个横切口(2.5～3cm),翻转皮瓣分二层剥离修剪(简称小切口分层修剪术)可以达到清除大小汗腺,使治疗彻底、并发症少、疗效持久、外形美观、无功能影响的效果.     

Adequate Vascular Training Opportunities can be Provided Without Compromising Patient Care

OBJECTIVES: to review the results of index operations in vascular surgery and to evaluate the impact of a specialist vascular training programme on patient outcome. METHODS: we undertook a 5-year (January 1995-December 1999) review of the weekly-collected mortality and morbidity data. The total number, 30-day mortality and stroke rate of all index operations i.e. AAA repairs (ruptured and elective), carotid operations and infra-inguinal bypasses (above and below knee, elective and emergency) was recorded. The number of operations performed by trainees under supervision was recorded. RESULTS: in the 5-year period 991 index operation were done of which 738 (74%) were done by trainees. Operations done by trainees were supervised by a consultant in 82% of cases with no significant effect on death or stroke rates. Overall vascular trainees performed 75% of the index operations of which 82% were supervised. CONCLUSIONS: trainees under supervision performed three out of four index operations. The mortality and morbidity of index operations in our unit compared well with accepted best mortality and morbidity figures. Our unit provides good training opportunities for vascular trainees whilst maintaining satisfactory standards of patient care.     

Stereotactic radiosurgery for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery has been used to treat intracranial tumors. Recently, it has also been used for the treatment of head and neck tumors involving the base of skull, including recurrent NPC. METHODS: From October 1994 to April 1999, 36 patients with recurrent NPC, were retreated by stereotactic radiosurgery. These patients received radiosurgery as a boost treatment after reirradiation for recurrence. The external RT dose ranged from 20 to 60 Gy. The tumor volume ranged from 3.58 to 24.6 cc. The target surface dose ranged from 8 to 20 Gy. The median follow-up was 22.1 months. RESULTS: The 3-year local control rate was 56%. The 5-year overall survival was 49%. Persistence after radiosurgery had a worse survival than those who had secondary recurrence. Age and gender were marginally significant. No patient had new severe complications after retreatment. Four patients (11%) had nasopharyngeal necrosis after radiosurgery, none had nasal bleeding or headache, but a foul odor was present in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Conformal radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy provide good local control and survival without severe complications for patients with recurrent NPC.     

METH1在酵母双杂交系统中的表达及对报告基因激活作用的检测

目的通过观察血管生成抑制因子METH1的cDNA片段在酵母双杂交中的表达及检测其对报告基因有无激活作用,为进一步明确METH1抑制增生性瘢痕的分子机制奠定基础。方法采用酵母双杂交Gal4系统3,经PCR扩增子METH1的cDNA片段,分别克隆入pUC19质粒,经测序正确后,再分别亚克隆入酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7中。将重组质粒导入酵母菌AH109,检测其表达产物在酵母细胞中对报告基因的激活作用。结果成功获得METH1的cDNA片段,该片段所表达的蛋白对酵母菌AH109无毒性,且对报告基因无激活作用。结论血管生成抑制因子METH1蛋白活性区在酵母双杂交系统中的表达产物,可作为诱饵蛋白进行相互作用蛋白的筛选研究。     

Evaluating an optimal gastric closure method for transgastric surgery

Background The transgastric approach is currently being studied as a potentially less invasive alternative to conventional laparoscopy for intra-abdominal surgery. A major obstacle to overcome is the closure of the transgastric incision in a rapid, reproducible, and safe manner. The effectiveness of various techniques for gastrotomy closure were compared by assessing leak pressures in an ex vivo porcine stomach model. Methods Whole stomachs from adult white pigs were suspended in a Plexiglas box to facilitate endoscopic technique. Standard gastrotomies were made by needle knife incision and dilation with a controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon. The first arm used standard QuickClips™; the second, a prototype device developed by LSI Solutions; the third, hand-sewn by a senior surgeon; the final, a control with open gastrotomy. Five stomachs were tested per study arm. After closure, each stomach was inflated by an automated pressure gauge. The pressures to achieve air leakage and liquid leakage were recorded. Results The unclosed controls demonstrated air leakage at a median pressure of 15 mmHg, representing baseline system resistance. The QuickClip closures leaked air at a median pressure of 33 mmHg. The prototype gastrotomy device yielded the highest median air leak pressure of 85 mmHg while dramatically diminishing time for incision and gastrotomy closure to approximately 5 min. The hand-sewn closures leaked air at a median pressure of 47 mmHg. Using Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis, the comparisons were significant (p = 0.0019). Post hoc paired comparisons using MULTTEST procedure with both Bonferroni and bootstrap adjustments revealed that the difference between prototype and clips was significant; prototype versus hand-sewn was not. Liquid-leak pressures produced similar results. Conclusions The prototype device decreases procedure time and yields leak-resistant gastrotomy closures that are superior to clips and rival hand-sewn interrupted stitches. An erratum to this article can be found at     

体外组织工程血管支架内皮化的实验研究

目的：研究兔血管内皮细胞种植于组织工程血管支架内腔面的生长状况。方法：（1）将聚羟基乙酸（Plyglycolic acid,PGA)纤维无纺网和胶原纤维相混合，设计构建组织工程血管支架材料。（2）采用酶消化法从兔主动脉中分离培养兔血管内皮细胞并传代，纯化，接种于组织工程血管支架的内腔面，体外培养，并行电镜等观察。结果：该支架具有一定弹性和韧性，内皮细胞在其内表面形成较完整内皮细胞层，生长状况良好。结论：胶原包埋处理的PGA支架可以作为组织工程人工血管研究的较理想支架材料。为组织工程方法构筑具有分层结构的组织工程血管打下实验基础。     

Laparoscopic ureterocystoplasty before kidney transplantation

PURPOSE: To describe the technique of total laparoscopic ureterocystoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laparoscopic ureterocystoplasty was performed to optimize the bladder function before kidney transplantation in a 23-year-old man. This patient had undergone bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy with fulguration of a posterior urethral valve at the age of 11 months. He underwent open surgical removal of multiple renal stones at age 10. He progressed to chronic renal failure at the age of 20, at which time hemodialysis was initiated. Because of grade IV vesicoureteral reflux and a poorly compliant bladder, the patient underwent laparoscopic ureterocystoplasty. RESULTS: The patient's lower urinary tract symptoms improved, and a urodynamic study performed after 6 months revealed a compliant bladder. Subsequently, a right nephrectomy and a live-donor renal transplantation from his mother were performed. At 1-year follow-up, his renal parameters were within normal range, he does not have any significant residual urine or urinary symptoms. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ureterocystoplasty is an excellent option for a poorly compliant bladder, especially when a patient has had multiple open surgeries and is awaiting renal transplantation.     

胸三角皮瓣预扩张后修复颈部瘢痕挛缩

目的 探讨胸三角皮瓣预扩张后,带蒂转移修复颈部瘢痕挛缩的治疗方法.方法 据颈部瘢痕范围,采用单侧(18例)或双侧胸三角皮瓣(2例)预扩张,成人选用600～800 ml扩张器,儿童选用200～450 ml扩张器.瘢痕面积:8 cm×5 cm～12 cm×13 cm.单侧胸三角皮瓣的面积最小9 cm×16 cm,最大12 cm×18 cm,供区均直接拉拢缝合.切口均选择在锁骨下,根据修复面积设计皮瓣,同时要兼顾断蒂时修复剩余瘢痕所需皮瓣的面积.皮瓣转移3周后行延迟术,4周断蒂修复剩余的颈部瘢痕.结果 2007至2009年采用扩张后胸三角皮瓣修复20例颈部瘢痕挛缩,仅1例皮瓣扩张不充分,但未影响手术效果,余皮瓣术后均成活,效果满意.6例6个月后复诊,1例患者切口瘢痕明显,5例效果良好.结论 扩张后胸三角皮瓣是修复颈部大面积瘢痕的较好方法.     

Sleep Disturbance in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: The Impact of Depression and Anemia

Background. Many patients with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing chronic hemodialysis suffer from sleep disturbance. This paper was designed to study the severity and prevalence of sleep disorders and the factors affecting the syndromes in this unique patient group. Methods. We conducted this study by the use of questionnaires. Included in this study were a total of 245 patients at our center who had end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and who received hemodialysis thrice weekly for more than three months. Their demographic data and biochemical and hematologic parameters were analyzed. All patients were asked to complete two questionnaires (in a Chinese version) of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II), either by themselves or with assistance from the medical staff. Results. One hundred and sixty-four patients completed both questionnaires with a response rate of 70.4%. Their mean age was 57.9 ± 11.8 (ranging from 23.1 to 83.7) years old. They had been receiving hemodialysis for an average of 49.1 ± 50.9 months before the study. The male to female ratio was 77:87. Seventy six (46.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 74.4% (122/164), defined as PSQI scores >5. The poor sleepers had higher BDI scores and a higher ratio of females comparing to the good sleepers. By a multivariate analysis, the BDI scores and female sex were the independent predictors of the patients being poor sleepers. In analyzing the poor sleepers, the BDI scores, durations of hemodialysis and hemoglobin levels were the independent factors for predicting the global PSQI scores. Conclusion. The questionnaire showed a high prevalence of insomnia in the dialytic population. The study also attributes a predictive role in sleep quality to gender, depression, dialytic duration, and hemoglobin levels. The data indicate that in the management of insomnia in this patient group, anemia and depression, both of which are potentially correctable, should be assessed.     

Probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life in at risk Asian infants – effects on eczema and atopic sensitization at the age of 1 year

Background The role of probiotics in allergy prevention remains uncertain but has been shown in some studies to have a possible protective effect on eczema. Objective We aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life on eczema and allergic sensitization at 1 year of age in Asian infants at risk of allergic disease. Methods A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial involving 253 infants with a family history of allergic disease was carried out. Infants received at least 60 mL of commercially available cow's milk formula with or without probiotic supplementation [Bifidobacterium longum (BL999) 1 × 10⁷ colony forming unit (CFU)/g and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LPR) 2 × 10⁷ CFU/g] daily for the first 6 months. Clinical evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of age, with serum total IgE measurement and skin prick tests conducted at the 12‐month visit. The primary and secondary end‐points were eczema and allergen sensitization, respectively. Results The incidence of eczema in the probiotic (22%) group was similar to that in the placebo group (25%) (P=0.53). The median Scoring Atopic Dermatitis score at 12 months was 17.10 (9.74) in the probiotic group and 11.60 (8.40) in the placebo group (P=0.17). The prevalence of allergen sensitization showed no difference (probiotic=24% vs. placebo=19%, P=0.26). The total IgE geometric mean (95% confidence interval) was 18.76 (12.54–24.98) kU/L in the probiotic group and 23.13 (16.01–30.24) kU/L in the placebo group (P=0.15). Atopic eczema (with sensitization) in the probiotic (7.3%) group was comparable to the placebo group (5.8%) (P=0.86). Conclusion Early life administration of a cow's milk formula supplemented with probiotics showed no effect on prevention of eczema or allergen sensitization in the first year of life in Asian infants at risk of allergic disease. Further work is needed to determine whether timing of supplementation, dose and probiotic strain are important considerations.