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The occupational injury experience of the U.S. and Australian construction industries for 1988–1991 was compared to identify similarities and differences in risk and to share information vital for planning strategies for prevention. There were 4,158 deaths in the U.S. and 264 in the Australian construction industries. Workers in both countries, particularly laborers, were at high risk, with mean annual rates of 13.8/100,000 and 11.6, respectively, more than double the national averages. Falls, motor vehicles, electrocutions, and machinery were the leading causes of death in both countries, and accounted for 69% of the fatalities in the U.S. and 71% in Australia. International collaborations focusing injury and fatality prevention efforts on the common leading causes and high risk groups, and sharing successful prevention experiences between countries could save the lives of many construction workers world wide. © 1996 Wiley-Liss Inc.
  • 1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
  •   相似文献   
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    鸟氨酸脱羧酶的生理病理特点及其药物研究概况   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
    鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ornithinedecarboxylase,ODC)是多胺代谢中的关键酶,广泛存在于人体和动物各组织细胞内,其中对肠细胞的增生、移行和分化起重要作用.机体调节因素比较复杂.在黏膜损伤性疾病及某些癌前病变等细胞大量增生的病理情况下ODC的表达发生改变,可以作为这些疾病分期、预后及药物作用靶点或疗效的指标.寻找对ODC有作用的药物对于治疗其相关疾病是非常有意义的.  相似文献   
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    The ApoE gene has three alleles coding for the proteins apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4. E4 has been reported to be associated with hypercholesteraemia, ischaemic heart disease, age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, the E2 allele has been associated with longevity in French centenarians and their siblings. In this study, we have assessed any shift in the ApoE genotypes in nonagenarian subjects from Belfast where there is a high intrinsic incidence of cardiovascular disease. ApoE phenotypes were determined by electrofocusing and immunoblotting in 114 Senieur-approximated subjects >90 years old and compared with 2071 subjects, 30--65 years of age, recruited from the same geographical area by the MONItoring of CArdiovascular trends study group in Belfast (MONICA). The E4 allele was reduced in the nonagenarian group (X(2)=11.1; P=0.0006), the E3 unchanged and E2 frequency was increased (X(2)=4.0; P=0.047). These results suggest that longevity is negatively associated with the E4 allele and may be associated with carriage of E2.  相似文献   
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    Background:  Trazodone is a commonly prescribed off-label for sleep disturbance in alcohol-dependent patients, but its safety and efficacy for this indication is unknown.
    Methods:  We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial of low-dose trazodone (50 to 150 mg at bedtime) for 12 weeks among 173 alcohol detoxification patients who reported current sleep disturbance on a validated measure of sleep quality or during prior periods of abstinence. Primary outcomes were the proportion of days abstinent and drinks per drinking day over 6-months; sleep quality was also assessed.
    Results:  Urn randomization balanced baseline features among the 88 subjects who received trazodone and 85 who received placebo. The trazodone group experienced less improvement in the proportion of days abstinent during administration of study medication (mean change between baseline and 3 months: −0.12; 95% CI: −0.15 to −0.09), and an increase in the number of drinks per drinking day on cessation of the study medication (mean change between baseline and 6 months, 4.6; 95% CI: 2.1 to 7.1). Trazodone was associated with improved sleep quality during its administration (mean change on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index between baseline and 3 months: −3.02; 95% CI: −3.38 to −2.67), but after it was stopped sleep quality equalized with placebo.
    Conclusions:  Trazodone, despite a short-term benefit on sleep quality, might impede improvements in alcohol consumption in the postdetoxification period and lead to increased drinking when stopped. Until further studies have established benefits and safety, routine initiation of trazodone for sleep disturbance cannot be recommended with confidence during the period after detoxification from alcoholism.  相似文献   
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