头皮糠疹与巯氧吡啶锌

头皮糠疹是常见病是多发病,临床表现为头皮红斑和脱屑,提示皮损部位表皮结构和功能异常,头皮角质层代谢紊乱,最近对头皮糠疹病因和病理的研究证实马拉色菌,皮脂分泌和个体敏感性是形成上述皮损的3个关键因素,硫氧吡啶锌（PTZ或ZPT）可以有效地杀灭马拉色菌,PTZ的颗粒大小和形状对其在头皮的生物利用度有明显的影响。此外,PTZ的抗菌效果有赖于其分子结构的完整性,在外用制剂中加入附加的游离锌,可以有效防止PTZ解离,从而提高其疗效。     

New and emerging roles in out of hospital emergency care: A review of the international literature

AimsThe aim of the literature review was to identify new and emerging out of hospital emergency care roles and to describe their activity and impact.BackgroundDemographic changes, increased demands for health services, altered working practices, and health system economic pressures have led to the development of a disparate set of new health care roles.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, and the two search engines Google and Google Scholar were searched for contemporary studies in the identified study area.Review methodsAll publications identified through the search were assessed for relevance. Those that discussed new roles were included (n = 34) and empirical studies (n = 14) analysed in detail.ResultsEmergency care and paramedic practitioner roles (ECP & PP) are having an impact on patient care, including an average 25% reduction in the conveyance rate to hospital, improved inter-professional working, immediacy of treatment and referral, and high patient satisfaction. Limited economic data suggests savings of between £31 (USD 55) and £37 (USD 65) per case when ECPs replace standard ambulance responders. Concerns have been expressed about patient safety, recruitment and training levels, regulatory and role implementation issues.ConclusionFurther work is required to fully understand the patient safety, clinical practice, professional role and financial implications of these new roles.     

New radiological typing system for rhinosinusitis and comparison with existing system: Initial finding

The objective of this study was to determine whether the proposed Malan radiological sinusitis typing (RST) system facilitated a level of agreement and ease of use comparable with the Lund–Mackay (LM) system for chronic rhinosinusitis. Ten observers (one otolaryngologist and nine radiologists), in two separate centres (regional and tertiary), blinded to all clinical data, used these two systems to independently and randomly score and type 15 sets of scans, recording the time to score each film. Using unweighted kappa scores, both methods facilitated a moderate level of agreement, slightly better with the LM system. The Malan system is more time efficient. Preliminarily, this study shows that the Malan RST system is easy to apply with a comparable level of agreement. The Malan RST system is a focused attempt at classifying disease extent radiologically and correlating it to a surgical approach. It emphasizes that scoring systems are vulnerable and proves to be superior to the LM system as a surgical planning tool. To score sinus disease, a Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire in association with this typing method is more appropriate.     

亚临床甲状腺疾病

亚临床甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退属于试验诊断。2002年美国甲状腺协会、美国临床内分泌医师协会和内分泌腺协会的委员组成的一个专家小组，明确了亚临床甲状腺疾病的概念，回顾了涉及风险和治疗益处的文献，并且建议进行评估和人口筛查。     

Pitfalls of radiation survey after brachytherapy implant removal preceding Tl-201 study

An unexpected elevated postimplant radiation survey is described in an elderly patient with an interstitial low-dose-rate iridium-192 (Ir-192) needle implant for endometrial cancer. The elevated activity was related to prolonged clearance of Tl-201 from a cardiac study that had been performed 7 days earlier. The Tl-201 accumulated in the soft tissue, particularly the colon, resulting in increased survey readings over the abdomen and raising concern that an Ir-192 source remained within the patient. This case shows that delayed excretion of a diagnostic radionuclide agent can cause elevated activity high enough to confound postradiotherapy implant survey readings. The estimated surface exposure from a single iridium source left in the pelvis was determined using a phantom study. Possible factors causing decreased excretion of Tl-201 in a patient with heart disease, arteriosclerotic vascular disease, previous pelvic radiation therapy, and a brachytherapy procedure are discussed. A preloading radiation survey is recommended in patients who have had previous nuclear medicine studies involving radionuclides with long half-lives.     

Efficacy and tolerability of lower-dose topotecan in recurrent ovarian cancer: a retrospective case review

Topotecan (1.5 mg/m(2)/day for 5 consecutive days of a 21-day cycle) is an established recurrent ovarian cancer treatment, but myelosuppression can be dose limiting. This study evaluates the activity and tolerability of low-dose topotecan in our clinical experience. Case records were reviewed for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer in first through third relapse. Eligible patients had received > or =2 cycles of < or =1.25 mg/m(2) topotecan. Adverse events were evaluated using laboratory and clinical evaluation data. Twenty-seven eligible patients, most with advanced disease, received a total of 209 cycles (median, six cycles). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities during 184 cycles in 24 assessed patients were neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in 35%, 28%, 36%, and 11% of cycles, and 21, 19, 16, and 10 patients, respectively. Only four grade 4 toxicities occurred: anemia (one) and thrombocytopenia (three). Myelosuppression was reversible, noncumulative, and manageable. Moreover, nonhematologic toxicity was generally mild to moderate, and the only two grade 3 events were constipation and deep vein thrombosis. Low-dose topotecan was active in this setting. Lower-dose topotecan is generally well tolerated and active in patients with pretreated ovarian cancer. Prospective clinical trials of low-dose topotecan in recurrent ovarian cancer are warranted.