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111.
Ted T Song Michael R Nelson James H Chang Renata J M Engler Badrul A Chowdhury 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2005,94(5):539-542
BACKGROUND: Epinephrine injected by an autoinjector in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh is the standard of care in the emergency self-treatment of anaphylaxis. In the United States, the autoinjector EpiPen is widely used for the self-treatment of anaphylaxis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether EpiPen autoinjector, with a needle length of 1.43 cm, is sufficient for intramuscular delivery of epinephrine in men and women. METHODS: The distance from skin to muscle in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh was measured in 50 men and 50 women who had undergone computed tomography of the thighs for other medical reasons. For each individual, body mass index (BMI; a measure of weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) was also calculated, and the individuals were classified as underweight (BMI, < 18.5), normal (BMI, 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9), and obese (BMI, > or = 30.0) using standard definition. RESULTS: In the study participants the mean +/- SD distance from skin to muscle was 0.66 +/- 0.47 cm for men and 1.48 +/- 0.72 cm for women (P < .001). One man (obese at a BMI of 42.2) and 21 women (11 obese with a mean BMI of 35.2, 6 overweight with a mean BMI of 30.1, and 4 normal with a mean BMI of 24.5) had a greater distance from skin to muscle than the EpiPen needle length of 1.43 cm. CONCLUSION: The distance from skin to muscle for the anterolateral aspect of the thigh is higher in women compared with men. This difference suggests that EpiPen may not deliver epinephrine to the intramuscular tissue in many women. 相似文献
112.
目的探讨人急性胰腺炎早期外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood monocytes,PBMCs)表面Tbll样受体4(toll like receptor4,TLR4)、CD14表达变化。方法收集发病24h内入院的早期急性胰腺炎病人36例,采集入院当日及第3、第7日外周血,分离单核细胞。用流式细胞术检测单核细胞表面TLR4、CD14表达变化情况。同时检测血清肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(interleukin6,IL-6),研究它们之间的相关性。结果急性胰腺炎病人外周血单核细胞表面TLR4发病后表达上调,在轻症病人渐下降,1周左右恢复正常。TNF-α的变化一致。结论人急性胰腺炎早期可能通过先天性免疫门户蛋白TLR4激活单核巨噬细胞系统导致TNF-α等促炎细胞因子的产生和释放。 相似文献
113.
目的观察曲马多、氟哌利多在剖宫产手术中预防寒战的效果。方法选择60例A SAⅠ、Ⅱ级剖宫产孕妇,无其它并发症,随机分为3组:曲马多组、氟哌利多组、生理盐水组。胎儿取出后从静脉分别注入曲马多1.0~1.50m g/kg,氟哌利多0.05m l/kg,生理盐水2m l,观察预防寒战的效果。结果寒战发生率及程度为:曲马多组:1级1例,2级1例,占10.0%;氟哌利多组:1级3例,2级3例,3级1例,占35.0%;生理盐水组:1级3例,2级2例,3级3例,占40.0%。后两组与曲马多组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.026)。讨论剖宫产手术患者术中应用曲马多能有效减少寒战的发生率,减轻患者的不舒适性,氟哌利多作用不明显。 相似文献
114.
M Javaid F Song S Leinster M G Dickson N K James 《Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery》2006,59(1):16-26
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review to gather the available evidence on the optimum timing of the radiotherapy in relation to autologous breast reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data was extracted from scientific databases, and a manual follow-up of references. The studies were selected which included at least 20 patients with any method of autologous breast reconstruction who were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy either before or after their reconstruction, and had addressed the effects of radiotherapy on the cosmetic outcome in their results. The principal outcome was cosmetic appearance. Secondary outcomes were immediate and delayed complications. RESULTS: We could not find any randomised controlled trial on this topic. Ten studies were included, most were retrospective, heterogeneous in terms of control groups, radiation doses, follow-up duration, and outcome measurements. Two studies included no control groups, and four studies compared the outcomes of patients with radiotherapy either before (n=3) or after (n=1) autologous breast reconstruction. The overall incidence of complications was increased in patients with radiotherapy in three out of these four studies. Only four studies directly compared the outcomes of patients who received radiotherapy before with patients who received radiotherapy after autologous breast reconstruction and two out of these reported worse outcomes associated with post-reconstruction radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the paucity of the published data, the current evidence suggests that the radiation has a deleterious effect on autologous flap reconstruction. Until better methods of radiation delivery can be devised to minimise the long term radiation sequelae in the irradiated tissue, delayed reconstruction seems to be a safe option in most of the cases. However, the findings from these studies should be interpreted with great caution before generalising from their results. 相似文献
115.
116.
117.
Ganapathy A Prasad Kenneth K Wang Lori S Lutzke Jason T Lewis Schuyler O Sanderson Navtej S Buttar Louis M Wong Kee Song Lynn S Borkenhagen Lawrence J Burgart 《Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology》2006,4(2):173-178
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the validity of frozen section analysis of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens from Barrett's esophagus as compared with permanent sections for the detection of neoplasia. Frozen sections help to give immediate feedback for surgical procedures. It has not been determined whether EMR can be adequately interpreted by using frozen sections to aid endoscopists in completely resecting neoplastic lesions. METHODS: EMR specimens from Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and/or carcinoma were tested by frozen section. Pathologists evaluated EMR specimens for the depth of invasion as well as the appearance of clear margins of resection. The kappa statistic was calculated to assess the degree of agreement between the frozen section and permanent section diagnoses. RESULTS: Twenty-three consecutive patients underwent 30 EMRs with frozen section diagnosis. Frozen section revealed a carcinoma in 7 specimens (23%) and dysplasia in 20 (66%). Permanent sections found carcinoma in 8 specimens (26%), dysplasia in 19 specimens (63%), and normal or nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus in the remainder. The kappa statistic for the depth of invasion of EMR specimens was 0.93 (near perfect agreement). The kappa statistic for the margins of the EMR specimens was 0.80 (excellent agreement). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that frozen section analysis of esophageal EMR specimens is valid as compared with permanent section. This technique might allow rapid evaluation about the degree and depth of involvement of cancers. This allows physicians to make decisions regarding further therapy if margins are involved or decrease the use of EMR for histologically benign-appearing lesions. 相似文献
118.
抗凝疗法在子宫肌瘤红色变性治疗中的应用 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
1关于子宫肌癌红色变性 子宫肌瘤是妇科常见肿瘤,在一定条件下,可发生肌瘤变性。当子宫肌瘤局部的血流供应不足时常发生各种子宫肌瘤退行性变。红色变性是一种特殊形态的子宫肌瘤变性方式,多发生于妊娠期或产褥期,可能由于肌瘤内小血管退行性变,引起血栓或溶血所致。 相似文献
119.
Chuan-Bin Guo Nian-Hui Cui Guang-Yan Yu Ding-Xin Liu Shu-Cong Meng Qing Song 《Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》2003,61(8):909-912
PURPOSES: Inhibition of cerulenin on the endogenous fatty acid synthetic activities of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa was assayed. METHODS: Squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa were collected fresh from surgical specimens. The collected tissues were minced in RPMI 1640 and divided into 3 groups: cerulenin treated, dimethylsulfoxide treated, and control. The tissues were incubated in [1(2)-(14)C]acetic acid, sodium salt for the last 2.5 hours of the treatment at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2). After labeling, total lipids were extracted and counted for (14)C by scintillation counting. RESULTS: Endogenous fatty acid synthetic activities of oral squamous cell caranoma in the cerulenin-treated group decreased by 19% at 1 hour, 64% at 2 hours, and 87% at 4 hours; remained nearly unchanged in the dimethylsulfoxide-treated group; and increased slightly in the control group. The oral mucosa tissues were only mildly affected by cerulenin in fatty acid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Cerulenin significantly inhibits fatty acid synthetic activity in squamous cell carcinoma and only mildly affected the oral mucosa, indicating that the fatty acid synthetic pathway may be exploited as a target for developing anticancer drugs. 相似文献
120.