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61.
M. Bergström G. Westerberg G. Németh M. Traut G. Gross G. Greger H. Müller-Peltzer A. Safer S.-Å. Eckernäs A. Grahnér B. Långström 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1997,52(2):121-128
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not esuprone binds substantially to MAO-A in the human brain. Methods: In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study 16 male healthy volunteers were examined␣with positron emission tomography
(PET) with [11C]harmine. Eight of the volunteers were given daily doses of 800 mg esuprone, four were given bi-daily doses of 300 mg moclobemide,
and four volunteers were given placebo tablets. PET was performed before initiation of a 7-day treatment period. On day 7,
one investigation was made immediately before administration of the drug, representing 23 h after the previous day's treatment
for esuprone and 11 h after the last tablets of moclobemide. Further investigations were made 4 h and 8 h after the morning
dose on day 7. Results: PET showed a high degree of binding of [11C]harmine, a high-affinity ligand for MAO-A, before the start of treatment, and a marked and similar reduction after treatment
with esuprone and moclobemide. A slight tendency for normalisation of enzyme binding was observed at the last time point.
In the placebo group no change was observed. Plasma kinetics of esuprone showed a rapid elimination with a half-life of about
4 h. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that esuprone was comparable to moclobemide in its effect on MAO-A inhibition in the brain at the
doses given. This is an illustration of the potential of PET to monitor drug effects directly on target biochemical systems
in the brain in human volunteers, and the possibility of using these data, rather than pharmacokinetic data, for the determination
of dosing intervals.
Received: 21 August 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 22 November 1996 相似文献
62.
Prospective study of antigenemia,plasma viremia and lymphocytic viremia in HIV-infected hemophiliacs
S. Melón Garcia M. de Oña Navarro C. Rodriguez Pinto M. Fernández Urgellés A. Martinez Gutierrez P. de la Iglesia F. J. Mendez García 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1995,14(5):400-405
A total of 186 blood samples from 24 HIV-1 seropositive hemophiliac patients, monitored every four months for 29 months, were investigated for the presence of viral antigen in plasma. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for HIV-1, using normal PBMC as a target for replication. Antigenemia was detected in 51 % of the patients and from PBMC in 87.5 % of the patients. The incidence of HIV isolation in asymptomatic patients (42.8 %) was similar to that found in symptomatic patients (51.4 %). Patients with opportunistic infections had a higher incidence of lymphocytic viremia (p<0.05). Plasma viremia was closely associated (p<0.05) with low CD4+ counts and infection progression. The persistence of antigenemia was also a marker of a poor clinical course. In treated patients, plasma viremia was the marker that better correlated with the clinical course, and it did not appear during the first nine months of therapy. Zidovudine doses of >500 mg/day significantly lowered the appearance of antigenemia and lymphocytic viremia (p<0.05). 相似文献
63.
64.
65.
P. P. Fleming A. K. Chan M. G. O’Brien G. C. O’Sullivan M.Ch. FRCSI 《Irish journal of medical science》1997,166(1):13-15
Laparoscopic appendicectomy has been the subject of several encouraging reports, but has not as yet gained widespread acceptance. We present a series of 159 consecutive laparoscopic appendicectomies performed, over a 4 yr period, in both adults and children. We find the procedure as safe as its open counterpart, with patients fit to leave hospital within the same time period. Perforated appendices were amenable to this procedure, and the location of the appendix did not alter the outcome. Children responded as well as adults post-operatively. Obesity may be an indication for this form of treatment. Removal of displaced faecoliths associated with perforated appendicitis is a difficult technical problem in less than 5 per cent of patients. 相似文献
66.
G. Lallement Didier Clarençon Catherine Masqueliez Dominique Baubichon Monique Galonnier Marie-France Burckhart Michel Peoc’h Jean Claude Mestries 《Archives of toxicology》1997,72(2):84-92
Organophosphorus nerve agents are still in use today in warfare and as terrorism compounds. Classical emergency treatment
of organophosphate poisoning includes the combined administration of a cholinesterase reactivator (an oxime), a muscarinic
cholinergic receptor antagonist (atropine) and a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant (diazepam). However, recent experiments with
primates have demonstrated that such treatment, even when administered immediately after organophosphate exposure, does not
rapidly restore normal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and fails to totally prevent neuronal brain damage. The objective
of this study was to evaluate, in a realistic setting, the therapeutic benefit of administration of GK-11 (gacyclidine), an
antiglutamatergic compound, as a complement to the available emergency therapy against organophosphate poisoning. GK-11 was
injected at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (i.v) after a 45-min latency period to heavily intoxicated (8 LD50) primates. Just after intoxication, man-equivalent doses of one autoinjector containing atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam were
administered. The effects of GK-11 were examined on survival, EEG activity, signs of toxicity, recovery after challenge and
central nervous system histology. The present data demonstrate that treatment with GK-11 prevents the mortality observed after
early administration of classical emergency medication alone. EEG recordings and clinical observations also revealed that
GK-11 prevented soman-induced seizures and motor convulsions. EEG analysis within the classical frequency bands (beta, theta,
alpha, delta) demonstrated that central activity was totally restored to normal after GK-11 treatment, but remained profoundly
altered in animals receiving atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam alone. GK-11 also markedly accelerated clinical recovery of soman-challenged
primates. Lastly, this drug totally prevented the neuropathology observed 3 weeks after soman exposure in animals treated
with classical emergency treatment alone. GK-11 represents a promising adjuvant therapy to the currently available emergency
polymedication to ensure optimal management of organophosphate poisoning in man. This drug is presently being evaluated in
a human clinical trial for a different neuroprotective indication.
Received: 16 June 1997 / Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
67.
Naloxone administration following operant training of sucrose/water discrimination in the rat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
E. O’Hare J. Cleary D. T. Weldon C. J. Billington A. S. Levine P. J. Bartz 《Psychopharmacology》1997,129(3):289-294
The suppression of food intake observed following naloxone administration has often been ascribed to palatability or taste.
Unfortunately, many confounds become apparent when attempts are made to isolate such factors in the investigation of ingestive
behaviors. In the present study, rats (two groups) were trained to discriminate either a 10% or 5% sucrose solution from water
(0.1 ml). These mildly food deprived subjects (95% of free-feeding weight) were trained to press the appropriate lever in
a two-lever operant chamber following sampling of sucrose or water; successful responding was reinforced by delivery of a
45 mg grain food pellet. Following random exposure to reduced sucrose concentrations tested under extinction, a sucrose concentration
gradient (1.0, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.005% sucrose solution) was established for both training groups under IP saline
administration. Data collected under IP saline were then compared to those collected following random IP naloxone administration
(3.0, 1.0, 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg). No significant differences were observed between the sucrose concentration gradients obtained
under saline and those obtained under naloxone, suggesting that the anorectic effect of naloxone is not primarily determined
by discrimination of sweet taste.
Received: 4 September 1996 / Final version: 16 October 1996 相似文献
68.
汪国翠 《安徽卫生职业技术学院学报》2003,2(5):83-84
根据笔者在传染科病房工作中的体会,从六个方面针对传染科工作的特殊性和存在的共性分别阐述了传染科护士在工作中如何高标准、严要求自己,如何对病人做到到位的护理,旨在提高传染科病房的整体护理质量,从而把更多的实惠让利于患者。 相似文献
69.
Humans are environmentally and occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAH's are a class of tumorigenic compounds which act through metabolic transformation to chemically reactive forms, epoxides, which covalently bind to DNA forming DNA adducts. To evaluate the genotoxic effects of PAH's, air and urine samples were analyzed for PAH. Blood samples were analyzed for benzo(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide-DNA (BPDE-DNA) adducts. New methods for analyzing DNA adducts in lymphocytes have been used to study the genotoxic effects of human exposure to carcinogens. BPDE-DNA adducts in lymphocytes have been used as internal dosimeters of exposure to PAH's and several studies have been conducted. We measured BPDE-DNA adducts in aluminium plant workers with immuno-assay and physico-chemical methods. PAH-DNA adducts were detectable to a lesser extent in subjects working in an aluminium plant compared to subjects working in a coke oven plant. 相似文献
70.
J. O’Byrne S. Eustace M. M. Stephens M. N. M. R. Farahat G. Yanni R. Posten G. S. Panayi S. Sant R. Costello M. Barry J. Hassan C. Feighery B. Bresnihan A. Whelan F. Coakley A. M. de Paor R. B. Reilly E. B. Casey V. J. Tormey G. Kearns K. Gaffney P. J. Freyne M. Callaghan O. FitzGerald D. Veale E. O’Nuallain D. Reen D. Veale M. Farrell O. FitzGerald S. Rogers L. Barnes R. J. Coughlan C. McCarthy M. McDermott D. Hourihane C. O'Morain S. O'Reilly P. Hartley E. Casey L. Clancy F. Mulcahy N. Hall A. Murphy C. Breen D. Kelleher M. Abuzakouk C. O'Farrelly 《Irish journal of medical science》1992,161(6):438-442