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21.
Stephen P. Luby Amal K. Halder Samir K. Saha Aliya Naheed Hossain M.S. Sazzad Shamima Akhter Emily S. Gurley W. Abdullah Brooks Shams El-Arifeen Nusrat Najnin Arifa Nazneen Robert F. Breiman 《Vaccine》2010
We piloted a low-cost approach to measure the disease burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hib and Salmonella Typhi by leveraging the existing infrastructure of high performing microbiology laboratories at two large paediatric hospitals in Dhaka Bangladesh, and assessing the hospital utilization of the catchment population of these hospitals for different syndromes. S. Typhi was the most common bacterium identified in culture and accounted for an estimated 211 hospitalizations per 100,000 children <5 years of age per year. Meningitis due to S. pneumoniae was the most common cause of mortality accounting for 8.0 deaths per 100,000 children <5 years of age per year. This low-cost approach can provide data to support vaccine introduction and the health impact of newly introduced vaccines. 相似文献
22.
The effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the fruits and leaves of Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr. (Syn. Pongamia glabra Vent, leguminosae) on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of micro fi lariae in vitro was studied. The aqueous and alcohol extracts of fruits and the alcohol extract of leaves caused an inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of S. cervi. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed with the aqueous extract of fruits on the nerve-muscle preparation. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of the whole worm preparation was 250 micro g/mL for aqueous, 120 micro g/mL for alcohol extract of fruits and 270 microgram/mL for alcohol extracts of the leaves. The concentrations of P. pinnata extracts required to produce an equivalent effect on the nerve-muscle preparation were 25 micro g/mL, 5 micro g/mL and 20 micro g/mL, respectively, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. 相似文献
23.
Md Abid Hossain Mollah Probhat Ranjan Dey S. A. Tarafdar Sohela Akhter Shakil Ahmed Tariq Hassan Nargis Ara Begum Nazmun Nahar 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2002,69(11):859-861
Objective : This prospective study was carried out from July-December 1999 to see the status of zinc in CSF of children with febrile
convulsion and to compare this to that of control.Methods : Forty-two cases of febrile convulsion and 30 controls (fever without convulsion) were enrolled into the study. CSF zinc
was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) in Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka and compared between the two groups.Results : The mean zinc level in CSF in the study sample was 40.19mgm/L and that in control was 74.98mgm/L This difference was statistically
significant (p<0.001).Conclusion : The study concludes that a significantly lower of zinc exists in CSF of children with febrile. However no relationship
was found between CSF zinc status with age, sex, degree & duration of fever and time of lumbar puncture after convulsion. 相似文献
24.
Anthony Eccleston Anthony Bentley Matthew Dyer Ann Strydom Wim Vereecken Angela George Nazneen Rahman 《Value in health》2017,20(4):567-576
Objectives
To evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (collectively termed “BRCA”) testing in women with epithelial ovarian cancer, and testing for the relevant mutation in first- and second-degree relatives of BRCA mutation–positive individuals, compared with no testing. Female BRCA mutation–positive relatives of patients with ovarian cancer could undergo risk-reducing mastectomy and/or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.Methods
A cost-effectiveness model was developed that included the risks of breast and ovarian cancer; the costs, utilities, and effects of risk-reducing surgery on cancer rates; and the costs, utilities, and mortality rates associated with cancer.Results
BRCA testing of all women with epithelial ovarian cancer each year is cost-effective at a UK willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) compared with no testing, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £4,339/QALY. The result was primarily driven by fewer cases of breast cancer (142) and ovarian cancer (141) and associated reductions in mortality (77 fewer deaths) in relatives over the subsequent 50 years. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust to variations in the input parameters. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of germline BRCA mutation testing being cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000/QALY was 99.9%.Conclusions
Implementing germline BRCA testing in all patients with ovarian cancer would be cost-effective in the United Kingdom. The consequent reduction in future cases of breast and ovarian cancer in relatives of mutation–positive individuals would ease the burden of cancer treatments in subsequent years and result in significantly better outcomes and reduced mortality rates for these individuals. 相似文献25.
Tamil Kendall Jimena Avalos Capin Nazneen Damji Eugenia Lopez Uribe 《Health and human rights》2020,22(2):213
Between 2009 and 2014, the International Community of Women Living with HIV in Latin America and the Mexican feminist civil society organization Balance coordinated a five-country community-led intervention that brought together women living with HIV (WLHIV), trans women, sex workers, and feminist lawyers to document and respond to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) violations of WLHIV and advocate for legal, policy, and programmatic changes to fulfill SRHR. The experiences of involved community leaders (n=26) indicate that knowledge of national, regional, and international human rights commitments and up-to-date medical information positively influenced personal health behaviors, empowered WLHIV as subject matter experts, and emboldened them to hold duty-bearers to account. The research evidence generated through collective action was critical for legitimating SRHR violations of WLHIV with decision-makers and for positioning the issue in the advocacy agendas of national and regional HIV and women’s movements. Collective action contributed to social cohesion among diverse groups of women living with and affected by HIV and increased available technical, financial, and organizational resources and political opportunities by linking organizations and networks. Collectively, community leaders mobilized to influence policy, legal frameworks, and service delivery to promote and protect the SRHR of WLHIV. 相似文献
26.
Ira M. Lubin Nazneen Aziz Lawrence J. Babb Dennis Ballinger Himani Bisht Deanna M. Church Shaun Cordes Karen Eilbeck Fiona Hyland Lisa Kalman Melissa Landrum Edward R. Lockhart Donna Maglott Gabor Marth John D. Pfeifer Heidi L. Rehm Somak Roy Zivana Tezak Justin M. Zook 《The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD》2017,19(3):417-426
27.
28.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human interleukin-1B gene affect transcription according to haplotype context 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
29.
Scott RH Murray A Baskcomb L Turnbull C Loveday C Al-Saadi R Williams R Breatnach F Gerrard M Hale J Kohler J Lapunzina P Levitt GA Picton S Pizer B Ronghe MD Traunecker H Williams D Kelsey A Vujanic GM Sebire NJ Grundy P Stiller CA Pritchard-Jones K Douglas J Rahman N 《Oncotarget》2012,3(3):327-335
Somatic defects at five loci, WT1, CTNNB1, WTX, TP53 and the imprinted 11p15 region, are implicated in Wilms tumor, the commonest childhood kidney cancer. In this study we analysed all five loci in 120 Wilms tumors. We identified epigenetic 11p15 abnormalities in 69% of tumors, 37% were H19 epimutations and 32% were paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD). We identified mutations of WTX in 32%, CTNNB1 in 15%, WT1 in 12% and TP53 in 5% of tumors. We identified several significant associations: between 11p15 and WTX (P=0.007), between WT1 and CTNNB1 (P less than 0.001), between WT1 and pUPD 11p15 (P=0.01), and a strong negative association between WT1 and H19 epimutation (P less than 0.001). We next used these data to stratify Wilms tumor into three molecular Groups, based on the status at 11p15 and WT1. Group 1 tumors (63%) were defined as 11p15-mutant and WT1-normal; a third also had WTX mutations. Group 2 tumors (13%) were WT1-mutant. They either had 11p15 pUPD or were 11p15-normal. Almost all had CTNNB1 mutations but none had H19 epimutation. Group 3 tumors (25%) were defined as 11p15-normal and WT1-normal and were typically normal at all five loci (P less than 0.001). We also identified a novel clinical association between H19 epimutation and bilateral disease (P less than 0.001). These data provide new insights into the pattern, order, interactions and clinical associations of molecular events in Wilms tumor. 相似文献