乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA的研究进展

共价闭合环状DNA（Covalently Closed CircularDNA,cccDNA）是HBV DNA在宿主细胞核内的存在形式,是HBV复制和转录的模板,长期存在于细胞核中,是HBV持续感染和抗病毒药物停用后病情反复的关键因素,对HBV的复制及感染状态的建立具有重要意义。本文旨在对cccDNA的合成调节、清除、检测意义等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Use of normative distribution of gray to white matter ratio in orthogonal planes in human brain studies and computer-assisted neuroradiology

Purpose  

Although the brain has been extensively studied, relationships of gray (GM) to white (WM) matters in individual sections as typically acquired and read radiologically have not yet been examined. A novel GM/WM-based approach with a compact whole brain representation is introduced and applied to study the brain and perform neuroimage processing.     

Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery for Leiomyoma in the Adolescent Patient: A Case Report

BackgroundSingle-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is an exciting new modality in the field of minimal access surgery. This case illustrates the feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic surgery for uterine pathology in the pediatric and adolescent population.CaseA 19-year-old girl presented with pelvic pain. Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple fibroids with rapid enlargement over a year. In collaboration with the Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery team, single incision laparoscopic myomectomy was performed with satisfactory results.Summary and ConclusionComplex uterine pathology can be managed with minimally invasive surgery with excellent clinical outcomes. SILS is a rapidly developing field that may represent the future of laparoscopic surgery and can be used to treat reproductive pathology in the pediatric and adolescent population.     

脊髓损伤后神经细胞黏附分子的表达

目的:观察大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞黏附分子的表达,分析其与神经修复的关系。方法:实验于2006-02/05在兰州大学第二附属医院骨科研究所完成。成年雄性Wistar大鼠36只,分为空白对照组(n=3)、假手术组(n=3)和损伤组(n=30)。损伤组采用Allen法制成急性外伤模型。分别于术后1,3,5,7,10d麻醉下处死。假手术组仅实施手术不行打击,空白对照组不做任何处理,均在实验初处死。对各组大鼠在处死前以改良的Tarlov评分检测行为及肢体运动功能,观察伤后各时相点大鼠后肢的活动、肌力等,以此评定损伤后大鼠运动功能的恢复情况。测量各组各时间点脊髓灰质中阳性反应细胞并测其灰度值,用免疫组织化学的方法测定脊髓片神经细胞黏附分子的表达。结果:纳入动物数量为36只,损伤组死亡4只,最终进入结果分析32只。①损伤组脊髓损伤后1d改良的Tarlov评分低于空白对照组和假手术组(P<0.01),损伤后10d高于损伤后1d(P<0.01),但评分仍低于假手术组(P<0.01)。②损伤后1d肉眼可见脊髓组织肿胀明显,软脊膜紧绷。光镜下可见中心灰质血管破裂。白质神经纤维水肿,轴突与髓鞘之间间隙增大,1d后肿胀逐渐加重。损伤5d后脊髓肿胀逐渐消退,10d后轴突及髓鞘已退变成空泡。③空白对照组、假手术组脊髓灰质神经细胞黏附分子的表达甚少,损伤组1,3,5,7,10d表达增加,与空白对照组、假手术组比较,差异有显著性意义[(175.38±4.51),(163.15±5.98),(196.28±6.57),(217.42±2.36),(228.36±2.62),(248.31±3.47)(245.28±3.87),P<0.01]。结论:脊髓损伤后神经细胞黏附分子表达增加,提示神经细胞黏附分子可能参与损伤后神经的修复。     

Impact of screening blood donors for hepatitis C antibody on posttransfusion hepatitis: a prospective study with a second-generation anti-hepatitis C virus assay

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is the major cause of posttransfusion hepatitis. Blood components that are positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) can transmit posttransfusion hepatitis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To investigate the effect on posttransfusion hepatitis of screening blood donors with a second-generation test for anti-HCV, 249 transfusion recipients who underwent cardiovascular surgery were prospectively followed. Six recipients who were positive for anti-HCV before transfusion and 51 subjects with incomplete follow-up were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Eleven (13.8%) of 80 subjects who received unscreened blood had two successive serum alanine aminotransferase levels > 90 U per L. Seven (8.8% of total) developed anti-HCV and HCV RNA and two (2.5% of total) developed IgM antibody to cytomegalovirus (IgM anti-CMV). By contrast, 3 (2.7%) of the 112 subjects who received anti-HCV-screened blood had two successive serum alanine aminotransferase levels > 90 U per L. None of these three developed anti-HCV and HCV RNA, but two (1.8% of total) showed the development of IgM anti-CMV. The study shows that screening for anti- HCV in blood donors with a second-generation test almost abrogated posttransfusion viral hepatitis C. CONCLUSION: After anti-HCV screening, other body fluid-transmitted viruses such as CMV may become important in posttransfusion hepatitis.     

电针对实验性糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠坐骨神经传导速度和超微结构的影响

目的:观察电针对实验性糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠坐骨神经传导速度及神经纤维超微结构的影响。方法:实验于2005-01/12在上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院中心实验室完成。选用清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠100只,按随机数字表法选取15只作为正常对照组。在链脲佐菌素制备实验性糖尿病大鼠(n=85)基础上制备实验性糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠模型,以空腹血糖≥15mmol/L,坐骨神经感觉神经传导速度,运动神经传导速度明显减慢、摆尾温度阈值升高及坐骨神经有髓纤维形态学改变为造模成功的标准。在确认实验性糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠模型成功的基础上,采用随机数字表法抽取60只大鼠,分为3组,即电针经(组、电针非经(组、模型对照组,每组20只。①电针经(组:取肾俞(双)、足三里(双)(,将大鼠固定,针刺0.5cm,并接电针治疗仪,连续波,频率2Hz,20min/次,隔日1次,共治疗12次。②电针非经(组:将大鼠尾尖作为刺激点,具体方法和治疗次数同上。③模型对照组:不作任何治疗,只作与电针经(组相同的固定。④正常对照组:作与电针经(组相同的固定。造模后4周,以神经电生理法测试各组大鼠的运动神经、感觉神经传导速度;造模后8周,应用透射电镜观察各组大鼠的坐骨神经组织超微结构。结果:实验过程中模型对照组、电针非经(组及电针经(组大鼠分别死亡5,4,1只,因此进入结果分析每组分别抽取15只进行指标检测。①各组大鼠造模4周时的坐骨神经传导速度比较:模型对照组的运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度显著低于正常对照组(31.37±3.70,18.17±9.54;41.30±1.15,44.22±8.80)m/s(P<0.01)。电针经(组经治疗后运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度显著高于模型对照组(38.04±2.01,37.98±5.10)m/s(P<0.01),但未达到正常对照组水平(P<0.05);电针非经(组大鼠的运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度与模型对照组差异无显著性意义(32.74±5.42,21.39±5.61)m/s(P>0.05)。②各组大鼠造模8周时的坐骨神经超微结构比较:模型对照组大鼠坐骨神经有髓神经纤维髓鞘结构模糊、松散、排列紊乱,出现空泡状缺损。电针非经(组大鼠坐骨神经有髓神经纤维髓鞘结构松散、排列紊乱,出现断裂或空泡状缺损。电针经(组大鼠坐骨神经髓纤维髓鞘结构损伤脱失的程度较模型对照组有所减轻,但未达到正常对照组水平。结论:电针对糖尿病周围神经病变具有一定的防治作用,其作用可能是通过改善糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠周围神经有髓纤维的形态及功能而实现的。