睾丸网注射法建立转基因小鼠

目的 为了研究睾丸网注射法建立转基因小鼠的可行性。方法 本试验应用显微注射仪将脂质体包裹的质粒pEGFP—N1通过睾丸网注射到4周龄昆明（KM）小白鼠睾丸生精小管内。注射后6周，与自然发情雌鼠交配，用PCR法检测仔鼠基因组中的外源DNA。结果 共注射4只雄性小鼠，3只存活，并且具有交配，受精能力，共获仔鼠63只，其中2只为PCR阳性仔鼠。结论 用睾丸网注射法制备转基因动物是可行的。     

CO2气腹对胃癌细胞腹腔种植转移影响的动物实验研究

目的比较不同压力CO2气腹处理的人胃癌MKN-45细胞在裸鼠腹腔内的成瘤数量、重量及裸鼠生存时间，探讨CO2气腹对胃癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。方法实验分为4组（对照组和5、10、15mmHg CO2气腹组），即将胃癌细胞在5％CO2 37℃条件下或5、10、15mmHg100％CO2 37℃条件下培养4h，然后收集细胞并将2×10^5个细胞注射入裸鼠腹腔，建立胃癌腹腔转移动物模型。4周后处死裸鼠，观察其腹腔成瘤率、成瘤数量和重量以及裸鼠生存时间。结果各组裸鼠腹腔成瘤数量、肿瘤总重量和生存时间均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论在气腹压力≤15mmHg时CO2对胃癌MKN-45细胞在裸鼠腹腔内的种植转移无显著影响。     

R2: identification of renal potential progenitor/stem cells that participate in the renal regeneration processes of kidney allograft fibrosis

Aim: Many strategies are explored to ameliorate kidney allograft tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), but little progress has been achieved. The latest evidence suggested that CD133+ cell in kidney represent a potential multipotent adult resident stem cell population that may contribute to the renal injury repair. Here we investigate whether the CD133+ cells exist in transplanted renal and exert a growth and self-repair procedure in TA/IF. Methods: Allografts from rat kidney transplant models were harvested at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post transplantation. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect the CD133+ cells and immunofluorescence to detect the co-expression of CD133 or Pax-2 with Ki-67. We furthermore analysed the E-cadherin using serial sections. Results: CD133+ cells were seldom seen in control kidney, but distributed sporadically in the cortex parenchyma along with the deterioration of TA/IF. The number of CD133+ cell increased after 4 weeks and reached the peak at 8 weeks, then decreased at 12 weeks. From 8 weeks, some new tubules expressing E-cadherin were constructed with CD133+ cells. Almost all the CD133+ cells were Ki-67-positive, but not all the Ki-67+ cells expressed CD133. The rest Ki-67+ cells almost expressed Pax-2. Conclusion: Our study reveals that when majority of the tubules are damaged, a self-repair mechanism is evoked by potential adult stem cells to compensate the renal function. Thus, potential adult resident stem cells offer a new avenue for autologous cell therapies in TA/IF.     

Clinical utility of the PCA3 urine assay in European men scheduled for repeat biopsy

Background

The Prostate CAncer gene 3 (PCA3) assay has shown promise as an aid in prostate cancer (pCA) diagnosis in identifying men with a high probability of a positive (repeat) biopsy.

Objective

This study evaluated the clinical utility of the PROGENSA PCA3 assay.

Design, setting, and participants

This European prospective, multicentre study enrolled men with one or two negative biopsies scheduled for repeat biopsy.

Measurements

After digital rectal examination (DRE), first-catch urine was collected to measure PCA3 mRNA concentration and to calculate the PCA3 score. The PCA3 score was compared to biopsy outcome. The diagnostic accuracy of the PCA3 assay was compared to percent of free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA).

Results and limitations

In 463 men, the positive repeat biopsy rate was 28%. The higher the PCA3 score, the greater the probability of a positive repeat biopsy. The PCA3 score (cut-off of 35) had a greater diagnostic accuracy than %fPSA (cut-off of 25%). The PCA3 score was independent of the number of previous biopsies, age, prostate volume, and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Moreover, the PCA3 score was significantly higher in men with high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) versus those without HGPIN, clinical stage T2 versus T1, Gleason score ≥7 versus <7, and “significant” versus “indolent” (clinical stage T1c, PSA density [PSAD] <0.15 ng/ml, Gleason score in biopsy ≤6, and percent positive cores ≤33%) pCA.

Conclusions

The probability of a positive repeat biopsy increases with rising PCA3 scores. The PCA3 score was superior to %fPSA for predicting repeat prostate biopsy outcome and may be indicative of clinical stage and significance of pCa.     

中药生精冲剂对精索静脉曲张大鼠的治疗

目的：研究中药生精冲剂对大鼠精索静脉曲张的影响及疗效。方法：从80只SD雄性大鼠中随机抽出20只作为假手术组，余60只均建立精索静脉曲张病理模型后随机均分为模型组、生精冲剂组和克罗米芬组。造模后15d生精冲剂组和克罗米酚组分别给予生精冲剂4g/（kg·d）和克罗米芬20mg/（kg·d）灌胃，模型组和假手术组正常喂食。造模后45d放免法测定血清性激素（FSH、LH和T）及观察各组大鼠睾丸组织结构。结果：生精冲剂组大鼠光镜下睾丸组织结构优于模型组和克罗米芬组；血清FSH、LH生精冲剂组显著低于模型组和克罗米芬组（P〈0.05），而克罗米芬组显著高于其他3组。T在生精冲剂组、克罗米芬组和假手术组之间无显著差异，但均显著高于模型组（P〈0.05）。结论：中药生精冲剂对精索静脉曲张引起的睾丸损害有保护及修复作用，且可能优于克罗米芬。     

546例分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月收治的546例行手术治疗的分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,均行双侧甲状腺全切除术和选择性颈淋巴结清扫术.结果 全组无手术及住院期间死亡.颈部淋巴结转移阳性率为76,2%(358/470).单侧喉返神经损伤的发生率1.1%(6例),双侧喉返神经损伤0例;甲状旁腺部分损伤0.4%(2例),甲状旁腺完全损伤0例;喉上神经损伤0.7%(4例),术后出血0.6%(3例),食管损伤0.2%(1例).结论 对于分化型甲状腺癌患者,均应行双侧甲状腺全切除术;对于肿瘤直径＞1 cm的患者,还应行双侧中央组+患侧颈深组淋巴结清扫.     

胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄的非手术治疗

目的 探讨胆肠吻合口狭窄非手术治疗的方法和疗效。方法8例经皮下盲袢、13例经T管窦道进入胆道镜,先气囊扩张狭窄,再取狭窄上方结石,瘢痕性狭窄置硬塑管支撑3-6个月;恶性狭窄胆道镜引导置金属支架。12例行PTCD;恶性狭窄不伴结石,放射介入置金属支架;如有结石或瘢痕狭窄,先扩张窦道、后经PTCS取石或置金属支架。硬塑管。全组气囊扩张19例、置硬塑管5例、置金属支架9例。结果33例中24例良性狭窄,扩张19例、置硬塑管5例均解除梗阻,9例恶性狭窄8例置金属支架解除梗附。15例伴有结石者取净结石。全组无严重并发症。结论 借助胆道镜的非手术方法在治疗胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄中创伤小、副损伤少、疗效确切。     

腰椎间盘突出症的CT影像与手术结果分析

腰间盘突出症 (ＰｒｏｌａｐｓｅｄＬｕｍｂｏｒＩｎｔｅｒｖｅｒｔｅｂｒａｌ -Ｄｉｓｃ.ＰＬＩＤ)手术疗效涉及诸多因素 ,术前的定位失误是造成手术失败的重要原因之一 ,有关其影像学分型诊断与治疗的研究很多[1～ 4 ] 。ＣＴ影像不仅对髓核突出的部位、程度以及椎管内的变化做出判断 ,而且对手术的远期疗效做出评价。笔者对 1 0 6例ＰＬＩＤ(1 986～ 1 996年 5月 )ＣＴ影像及手术探查结果进行了分析比较现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 1 0 6例中男 69例 ,女 37例 ;年龄 2 0～ 60岁 ,平均 39 4岁 ;病程 1 5天～ 2 0年 ,平均 3 4…