黄芪、莪术配伍对胃癌细胞COX-2表达的调节作用

目的:观察黄芪、莪术配伍对MKN-45细胞COX-2、PPlAR-Y、NF-KB的影响.方法:以黄芪、莪术配伍作用于MKN-45细胞,并设塞莱希布组、罗格列酮组、黄芪组、莪术组和空白组相对照.用MTT法观察各组药物对胃癌细胞的抑制率,用RT-PCR以及Western blot方法检测给药后人胃癌细胞COX-2、PPARy、NF-KB基因及COX-2蛋白表达的变化.结果:各组对COX-2和NF-KB的mRNA表达均有抑制作用,除莪术外对PPARy mRNA均有促表达作用,其中以塞莱希布组和配伍组对COX-2 mRNA表达的抑制作用最为明显,且配伍组作用明显强于黄芪组和莪术组,以罗格列酮组和配伍组对NF-KB mRNA的表达抑制作用和对PPARy表达的促表达作用都是最明显.结论:黄芪、莪术配伍能起到增效作用,对细胞的抑制效应明显,对COX-2的抑制作用大于黄芪、莪术的单独效应,与塞莱希布相近,其对COX-2的抑制作用可能是通过PPARy/NFKB信号途径发挥作用的.     

OB glue paste technique for establishing nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models

AIM： To establish nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models using OB glue paste technique. METHODS： Using OB glue paste technique, orthtopic transplantation models were established by implanting SGC-7901 and NKN-45 human gastric cancer cell strains into the gastric wall of nude mice. Biological features, growth of the implanted tumors, the success rate of transplantation and the rate of auto-metastasis of the two models were observed. RESULTS： The success rates of orthotopic transplanration of the two models were 94.20% and 96%. The rates of hepatic metastasis, pulmonary metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, lymphocytic metastasis and splenic metastasis were 42.13% and 94.20%, 48.43% and 57.97%, 30.83% and 36.96%, 67.30% and 84.06%, and 59.75% and 10.53%, respectively. The occurrence of ascites was 47.80% and 36.96%. CONCLUSION： OB glue paste technique is easy to follow. The biological behaviors of the nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models established with this technique are similar to the natural processes of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer, and, therefore, can be used as an ideal model for experimental research of proliferative metastasis of tumors.     

Effect of early nutrition on intestine development of intrauterine growth retardation in rats and its correlation to leptin

AIM: To investigate the intestine and body development of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rats under early different protein diet and to analyze the correlation between leptin and intestine and body development. METHODS: An IUGR rat model was established by food restriction of pregnant female rats. Fifty-six neonatal IUGR rats and 24 neonatal normal rats were randomly divided into normal control group (C group), IUGR model group (SC group), low protein diet IUGR group (SL group), and high protein diet IUGR group (SH group). Eight rats were killed per group at wk 0, 4, and 12. Serum leptin, body weight (BW), body length (BL), intestinal weight (IW), intestinal length (IL), and intestinal disaccharidase (including lactase, maltase, and saccharase) were detected. RESULTS: BW (4.50±0.41 g), BL (5.96±0.40 cm), IW (0.05±0.01 g), and IL (15.9±2.8 cm) in neonatal IUGR rats were much lower than those in C group (6.01±0.55 g, 6.26±0.44 cm, 0.10±0.02 g, 21.8±2.7 cm, P<0.05), while intestinal lactase and maltase activities were higher than those in C group. SH group showed the fastest catch up growth and their BW, BL, IW, and IL reached the C group level at wk 4. SC group showed relatively slower catch up growth than SH group, and their BW, BL, IW did not reach the C group level at wk 4. SL group did not show intestine and body catch up growth. Intestinal maltase [344±33 μmol/(min·g)] and saccharase activities [138±32 μmol/(min·g)] in SL group were both markedly lower than those in C group [751±102, 258±27 μmol/(min·g), P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in lactase activities at wk 4 and disaccharidase activities at wk 12 among all groups (P>0.05). The leptin level in SL. group (0.58±0.12 ng/mL) was the highest in all groups, and much lower in SH group (0.21±0.03 ng/mL) than that in any other IUGR groups at wk 4 (P<0.05). Leptin was negatively related to BW (r=-0.556, P= 0.001), IW (r=-0.692, P=0.001) and IL (r=-0.738, P= 0.000) at wk 4, while no correlation was found at wk 12. CONCLUSION: High protein diet is a reasonable early nutritional mode to IUGR rats in promoting intestine and body catch up growth.     

骨髓增生异常综合征T细胞早期激活及可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体的研究

目的　研究骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)外周血CD+ 4 、CD+ 8T细胞早期激活标志CD69的表达及血清、骨髓可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体 1、2 (sTNF R1、2 )的水平及其意义。方法　在植物血凝素 (PHA) 2 0mg/L条件下进行全血细胞培养 ,于 0h和 4h分别用流式细胞仪对CD+ 4 、CD+ 8T细胞CD69的表达进行分析。用ELISA法检测血清和骨髓sTNF R1、2的水平。结果　PHA刺激前难治性贫血 (RA)与难治性贫血伴环形铁粒幼细胞增多 (RAS)CD+ 4 、CD+ 8细胞CD69的表达率分别为 8 32 %、9 88% ,难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多 (RAEB)与转变中的RAEB(RAEB T)CD+ 8细胞CD69的表达率为7 92 %。PHA刺激后MDS患者CD+ 4 、CD+ 8细胞表达CD69明显增强 ,RA +RAS为 5 3 4 6 %、5 1 6 3% ;RAEB +RAEB T为 4 2 93%、4 1 96 % ,CD+ 4 与CD+ 8细胞CD69的表达率相似。MDS两种sTNF R1水平均明显升高 ,RA +RAS组sTNF R1血清为 (1 5 8± 0 6 8) μg/L ,骨髓为 (2 10± 0 2 6 ) μg/L ;sTNF R2血清为 (1 4 1± 0 5 0 ) μg/L ,骨髓为 (1 95± 0 6 4 ) μg/L ;RAEB +RAEB T组sTNF R1血清为 (2 6 2± 2 5 5 ) μg/L ,骨髓为 (3 12± 0 6 7) μg/L ;sTNF R2血清为 (1 96± 0 5 6 ) μg/L ,骨髓为(3 0 9± 0 6 2 ) μg/L。血清sTNF R2水平与PHA刺激     

Comparing whole body 18F-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and technetium-99m methylene diphosphate bone scan to detect bone metastases in patients with renal cell carcinomas - a preliminary report

PURPOSE: Conventional technetium-99m methylene diphosphate whole body bone scan (bone scan) has a high sensitivity but a poor specificity to detect bone metastases. However, positron emission tomography with 18F-2-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) can offer superior spatial resolution and improved specificity. We have attempted to evaluate the usefulness of FDG-PET for detecting bone metastases in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and to compare FDG-PET results with bone scan findings. METHODS: Eighteen patients were selected for this study with biopsy-proven RCC. They were suspected of having bone metastases and were undergoing bone scan and FDG-PET to detect bone metastases. The final diagnoses of bone metastases were established by operative, histopathological findings or clinical follow-up longer than 1 year by additional radiographs or following FDG-PET/bone scan findings showing progressive and extensive widespread bone lesions. RESULTS: A total of 52 bone lesions including 40 metastatic and 12 benign bone lesions found on either FDG-PET or bone scan were evaluated. FDG-PET could accurately diagnose all 40 metastatic and 12 benign bone lesions. Bone scan could accurately diagnose only 31 metastatic bone lesions. Diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of FDG-PET were 100% and 100%, respectively,and bone scan were 77.5% and 59.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that FDG-PET has a higher sensitivity and a better accuracy than that of bone scan to detect bone metastases in patients with RCC.     

天山额蚤在中国的首次发现

我们于1986年6至7月在新疆乌恰县苏约克地区(山前草原,海拔3200～3400米),自西们利亚五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)体上采获一批蚤类标本,经鉴定,其中大部分为天山额蚤Frontopsylla (Frontopsylla) tjanshanica Schwayz,1953。     

慢性肾炎患者外周血共刺激分子CD28和CD137水平变化研究

目的　研究慢性肾炎患者外周血共刺激分子CD2 8和CD1 37的表达特点及其在慢性肾炎免疫病理机制中的作用。方法　采用免疫荧光标记和流式细胞仪分析 ,对 5 2例慢性肾炎患者外周血共刺激分子CD2 8、CD1 37和T淋巴细胞亚群的表达进行检测。结果　慢性肾炎患者T细胞亚群明显失衡 ,表现为CD4减少 ,CD8增加 ,CD4 CD8比值显著降低。共刺激分子CD2 8表达显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,且CD+4 CD+2 8T细胞和CD+8CD+2 8T细胞均显著减少 (P <0 0 1)。共刺激分子CD1 37表达显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　慢性肾炎患者外周血T细胞亚群失衡和T细胞活化所必需的共刺激分子CD2 8、CD1 37异常表达 ,可能在慢性肾炎发生和病变进展中起着重要作用     

Divergence of the genes on human chromosome 21 between human and other hominoids and variation of substitution rates among transcription units

The study of genomic divergence between humans and primates may provide insight into the origins of human beings and the genetic basis of unique human traits and diseases. Chromosome 21 is the smallest chromosome in the human genome, and some of its regions have been implicated in mental retardation and other diseases. In this study, we sequenced the coding and regulatory regions of 127 known genes on human chromosome 21 in DNA samples from human and chimpanzees and a part of the corresponding genes from orangutan, gorilla, and macaque. Overall, 3,003 nucleotide differences between human and chimpanzee were identified over approximately 400 kb. The differences in coding, promoter, and exon-intron junction regions were 0.51 +/- 0.02%, 0.88 +/- 0.03%, and 0.85 +/- 0.02%, respectively, much lower than the previously reported 1.23% in genomic regions, which suggests the presence of purifying selection. Significant variation in substitution rate among genes was observed by comparing the divergence between human and chimpanzee. Furthermore, by implementing a bioinformatics-based approach, we showed that the identification of genetic variants specific to the human lineage might lead to an understanding of the mechanisms that are attributable to the phenotypes that unique to humans, by changing the structure and/or dosage of the proteins expressed. A phylogenetic analysis unambiguously confirms the conclusion that chimpanzees were our closest relatives to the exclusion of other primates and the relative divergence of the Homo-Pan and that of (Homo-Pan)-Gorilla are 4.93 million years and 7.26 million years, respectively.