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81.
82.
Prasanthi Maddali Marc Moisi Jeni Page Parthasarathi Chamiraju Christian Fisahn Rod Oskouian R. Shane Tubbs 《Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)》2017,30(3):342-346
Epidural anesthesia is a versatile technique widely used in treating lumbar spinal pain syndromes. Complications during these procedures can arise either from needle placement or from administration of medication. Potential risks include infection, hematoma, intravascular or subdural injections of medication, direct nerve trauma, air embolism, entry into a disc space, urinary retention, radiation exposure, and hypersensitivity reactions. The objective of this article is to review the complications of lumbar epidural injections and discuss the potential pitfalls related to these procedures. We searched Medline comprehensively for relevant case reports, clinical trials, and review articles. Complications from lumbar epidural injections are extremely rare. Most if not all of them can be avoided by careful techniques with accurate needle placement, sterile precautions, and a thorough understanding of the relevant anatomy and contrast patterns on fluoroscopic imaging. Clin. Anat. 30:342–346, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
83.
Joe Iwanaga Yasuhiko Kamura Tsuyoshi Tanaka Koichi Watanabe Jingo Kusukawa Rod J. Oskouian R. Shane Tubbs 《Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)》2017,30(7):958-962
Our previous studies based on intraoral dissection of fresh cadavers demonstrated the fissure and loose connective tissues behind the mucosa between the incisivus labii inferioris (ILI) and buccinator (BM) muscles. However, this raised new questions about the relationship among these muscles, the fissure and the buccal space. To our knowledge, no pathway to the oral cavity from the buccal space has been previously demonstrated, although such a pathway would better explain some routes of infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the relationship among the mimetic muscles attached to the mandible, the fissure, and the buccal space. Twenty sides from 10 fresh frozen adult cadaveric Caucasian heads were used. The relationships among the ILI, BM, mandible, and buccal space were investigated with dissection and fluoroscopy. In all specimens, the fissure between the lateral border of the ILI and the anterior border of the BM formed the entrance of a space (here termed the bucco‐mandibular space), which corresponded to the buccal mucosa in the premolar region. The superior border of this space was formed by the platysma and associated fascia, which was continuous with the masseteric fascia. This fascia clearly separated this space from the buccal space, which was located lateral to the BM and superior to this space. Clin. Anat. 30:958–962, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
84.
Juanita Westbury Karin Beld Shane Jackson Gregory Peterson 《Australasian journal on ageing》2010,29(2):72-76
Aim: To examine psychotropic medication review practices in residential aged care facilities. Methods: Psychotropic medicine use data were collected from residents from 40 residential aged care facilities throughout Tasmania. As an indication of review practices, the measure was repeated at 33 of the original facilities a year later. Results: A total of 2389 residents' medication records were examined in 2006. Regular doses of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines were taken by 42% and 21% of residents, respectively. Medication data were available for 1307 of the residents in 2007. Over 60% were taking the same antipsychotic or benzodiazepine agent, at the same dose in 2007, as they were in 2006. Dosage reduction or cessation occurred in less than a quarter of the residents. Conclusion: The utilisation of psychotropic medication is high in Tasmanian residential aged care facilities. Attempts to reduce psychotropic doses happen infrequently. Further research is required to establish the barriers to appropriate psychotropic medication review in this setting. 相似文献
85.
Hoi-Poh Tee Crispin Corte Hamdan Al-Ghamdi Emilia Prakoso John Darke Raman Chettiar Wassim Rahman Scott Davison Sean P Griffin Warwick S Selby Arthur J Kaffes 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2010,16(31):3905-3910
AIM: To study the significance of cap-fitted colonoscopy in improving cecal intubation time and polyp detection rate. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted from March 2008 to February 2009 in a tertiary referral hospital at Sydney. The primary end point was cecal intubation time and the secondary endpoint was polyp detection rate. Consecutive cases of total colonoscopy over a 1-year period were recruited. Randomization into either standard colonoscopy (SC) or cap-assist... 相似文献
86.
Shane AL Cabana MD Vidry S Merenstein D Hummelen R Ellis CL Heimbach JT Hempel S Lynch SV Sanders ME Tancredi DJ 《Gut microbes》2010,1(4):243-253
The heterogeneity of human clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of probiotics presents challenges regarding interpretation and comparison. Evidence obtained from clinical trials among a population with a disease or specific risk factors may not be generalizable to healthy individuals. The evaluation of interventions in healthy persons requires careful selection of outcomes due to the absence of health indicators and the low incidence of preventable conditions. Given the tremendous resources invested in such trials, development of consistent approaches to assessing the effectiveness of probiotics would be beneficial. Furthermore, the reporting, presentation and communication of results may also affect the validity of the scientific evidence obtained from a trial. This review outlines the challenges associated with the design, implementation, data analysis and interpretation of clinical trials in humans involving probiotics. Best practices related to their design are offered along with recommendations for enhanced collaboration to advance research in this emerging field. 相似文献
87.
J. Paul Simons Raya Al-Shawi Shane Minogue Mark G. Waugh Claudia Wiedemann Stylianos Evangelou Andrzej Loesch Talvinder S. Sihra Rosalind King Thomas T. Warner J. Justin Hsuan 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2009,106(28):11535-11539
Phosphoinositide (PI) lipids are intracellular membrane signaling intermediates and effectors produced by localized PI kinase and phosphatase activities. Although many signaling roles of PI kinases have been identified in cultured cell lines, transgenic animal studies have produced unexpected insight into the in vivo functions of specific PI 3- and 5-kinases, but no mammalian PI 4-kinase (PI4K) knockout has previously been reported. Prior studies using cultured cells implicated the PI4K2α isozyme in diverse functions, including receptor signaling, ion channel regulation, endosomal trafficking, and regulated secretion. We now show that despite these important functions, mice lacking PI4K2α kinase activity initially appear normal. However, adult Pi4k2aGT/GT animals develop a progressive neurological disease characterized by tremor, limb weakness, urinary incontinence, and premature mortality. Histological analysis of aged Pi4k2aGT/GT animals revealed lipofuscin-like deposition and gliosis in the cerebellum, and loss of Purkinje cells. Peripheral nerves are essentially normal, but massive axonal degeneration was found in the spinal cord in both ascending and descending tracts. These results reveal a previously undescribed role for aberrant PI signaling in neurological disease that resembles autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. 相似文献
88.
89.
Christopher M. Frost Daniel C. Ursu Shane M. Flattery Andrej Nedic Cheryl A. Hassett Jana D. Moon Patrick J. Buchanan R. Brent Gillespie Theodore A. Kung Stephen W. P. Kemp Paul S. Cederna Melanie G. Urbanchek 《Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation》2018,15(1):108
Introduction
Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) are biological constructs which amplify neural signals and have shown long-term stability in rat models. Real-time control of a neuroprosthesis in rat models has not yet been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to: a) design and validate a system for translating electromyography (EMG) signals from an RPNI in a rat model into real-time control of a neuroprosthetic hand, and; b) use the system to demonstrate RPNI proportional neuroprosthesis control.Methods
Animals were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: (1) Control; (2) Denervated, and; (3) RPNI. In the RPNI group, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was dissected free, denervated, transferred to the lateral thigh and neurotized with the residual end of the transected common peroneal nerve. Rats received tactile stimuli to the hind-limb via monofilaments, and electrodes were used to record EMG. Signals were filtered, rectified and integrated using a moving sample window. Processed EMG signals (iEMG) from RPNIs were validated against Control and Denervated group outputs.Results
Voluntary reflexive rat movements produced signaling that activated the prosthesis in both the Control and RPNI groups, but produced no activation in the Denervated group. Signal-to-Noise ratio between hind-limb movement and resting iEMG was 3.55 for Controls and 3.81 for RPNIs. Both Control and RPNI groups exhibited a logarithmic iEMG increase with increased monofilament pressure, allowing graded prosthetic hand speed control (R2?=?0.758 and R2?=?0.802, respectively).Conclusion
EMG signals were successfully acquired from RPNIs and translated into real-time neuroprosthetic control. Signal contamination from muscles adjacent to the RPNI was minimal. RPNI constructs provided reliable proportional prosthetic hand control.90.