A Multidisciplinary,Community-Based Program to Reduce Unplanned Hospital Admissions

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of Hospital Admission Risk Program (HARP) on unplanned hospitalization, bed days, and mortality of enrolled individuals and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HARP.DesignA retrospective longitudinal analysis of hospital administrative data.InterventionIndividuals at risk of hospitalization were provided with multidisciplinary, community-based care support managed by care coordinators including integrated care planning, education, monitoring, service linkages, and general practitioner liaison over 6-9 months.Setting and ParticipantsIndividuals who were enrolled into 1 of 8 HARP chronic disease management programs between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2018, at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.MethodsHospital admissions between 18 months before and 18 months after HARP enrollment were analyzed. Total hospital costs were compared between 18 months before and 12 months after HARP enrollment.ResultsA total of 1553 individuals with a median age of 71 years (interquartile range 60-81), 63.4% males, were admitted to HARP. Both unplanned hospitalizations and bed days were reduced during the HARP intervention compared to within 3 months before enrollment in each of the HARP management programs. After the HARP intervention, cardiac coach, cardiac heart failure, chronic respiratory, diabetes comanagement, and medication management programs had higher hospitalizations and bed days than individuals’ baseline of at least 3 months before HARP enrollment. Individuals in cardiac heart failure and chronic respiratory management programs had a higher mortality rate than other HARP chronic disease management programs. Individuals in cardiac coach, diabetes comanagement, and medication management programs had lower hospital costs during the HARP intervention compared to within 3 months before HARP enrollment.Conclusions and ImplicationsHARP reduced unplanned hospitalization and bed days but did not return individuals’ hospital use to baseline before the intervention. The variations in mortality between HARP chronic disease management programs implies that condition-specific goals between programs is preferable.     

重点高中生的心理状态与高考成绩的相关性研究

目的;了解重点高中学生的心理状态与高考成绩之间的关系。方法：以398例应届生为对象,应用16PF人格测验,气质测量工具（STI,TTI）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）,对考生进行测试分析,结果：文理科学生的16PF的人格特质有明显的差别,判别分析和多因素回归分析显示16PF人格特质中的Q1因素（实验性F＝8．76,P＜0．01）,Q2因素（独立性F＝8．23,P＜0．01）,与高考成绩呈正相关,与M因素（幻想性F＝4．88,P＜0．01）,呈负相关;气质中的神经过程灵活性（F＝8．15,P＜0．01）和时间特质中的灵活性（F＝12．36,P＜0．01）与高才成绩呈正相关。结论：高考生的实验性,独立性高分及幻想性低分的个性特质和气质上的灵活性有助于高考成绩的发挥,学生文理科分班宜参考学生人格特质这一特点,。     

论生物技术在医药领域的应用

生物技术是一门新兴的、综合的学科。生物技术在医药领域的应用涉及到新药开发、新诊断技术、预防措施及新的治疗技术。文章就以上方面做了扼要综述,展示了其广阔的应用前景。     

氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷通路在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用

目的 :探讨一氧化氮 -环磷酸鸟苷 (NO- c GMP)通路在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法 :给 10名健康人、13例缓解期哮喘病人及 2 9例发作期哮喘患者诱导痰液 ,检测诱导痰液中 NO2 - /NO3- 及 c GMP的水平。并对其中 11例哮喘发作期患者应用强的松 (30 mg/d) ,治疗 1周的前后进行自身对照研究。结果 :哮喘发作期患者 NO2 - /NO3-水平显著高于健康对照者 [(4 0 6 .34± 5 12 .18) μmol/L,(71.80± 10 0 .98) μmol/L,P<0 .0 1],应用激素后患者在症状、体征好转的同时 ,NO2 - /NO3-和 c GMP的水平均有明显下降 ,稳定期哮喘患者的 NO2 - /NO3-水平同正常人相比差异无显著性。结论 :NO- c GMP通路可能在哮喘的发病中起重要作用 ,诱导痰 NO2 - /NO3- 的测定是无创伤性检测哮喘气道炎症的一项简便易行的实用方法。     

监护病室院内获得性败血症—常见致病菌株、危险因素及预后分析

目的：确定监护病室院内获得性败血症的发病率,致病菌的种类,对危重病患者预后的影响及诱发败血症的危险因素。方法：用单因素和多因素统计学方法确定败血症对危重患者预后的影响及诱发败血症的危险因素。结果：败血症在危重患者中有较高的发生率（8．07％）且致病菌以革兰氏阳性球菌为主。病死率亦较高（80．77％）,单因素检验[OR=4.32,95%可信区间（CI）1．58－11．72]及多因素logistic回归分析（OR＝4．97,1.21-20.37)均判定细菌性败血症显著影响危重病患者的病死率,此外,分析亦证实：监护病室血源性感染的发生与患者免疫功能低下,留置大静脉导管,气管切开,低白蛋白血症,感染发生前用过激素等因素密切相关。结论：败血症是监护病室常见并发症且对疾病预后有不利影响,应重视并针对其危险因素加以预防。     

眼科设备数据库设计初探

本文介绍了一所眼科医院设备数据库的设计思路,数据库内容以及用途。     

Toxic Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile colitis: No longer a diarrhea associated infection

BackgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is traditionally taught to be an antibiotic associated diarrheal infection. This diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical symptoms (usually defined as more than 3 watery, loose or unformed stool within 24 h) coupled with a diagnostic test. There is now a new presentation of CDI, including progression to toxic megacolon, in patients without diarrhea.MethodsWe report a case series of 9 surgical patients from a single institution who developed CDI without preceding diarrhea.ResultAll 9 patients had CDI with positive laboratory testing for C. difficile toxin. They, however, presented with a lack of or minimal bowel movements. Six patients had rapid development of abdominal distention, 1 patient had a single episode of watery stool in 3 days, while the other 2 patients presented with constipation. Seven patients received stool softeners, suppositories and/or enemas for presumed constipation. Four patients had a mild course of infection and were successfully treated medically. The other 5 patients developed toxic megacolon, and eventually required total abdominal colectomy. Out of the 5 patients that required total colectomy, 2 expired.ConclusionCDI must be suspected in patients who rapidly develop abdominal distention, vague abdominal complaints or change in bowel function even in the absence of diarrhea, especially if coupled with multi-system organ failure.     

补阴益肾方联合芬吗通治疗卵巢功能早衰临床研究

目的：观察补阴益肾方联合芬吗通治疗卵巢功能早衰的疗效。方法：选取168例卵巢功能早衰患者,按随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组各84例。对照组给予芬吗通治疗,研究组给予补阴益阴方联合芬吗通治疗,3个疗程结束后评估2组临床疗效。比较2组治疗前后中医证候积分、性激素指标[血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）]、卵巢储备功能[抑制素B (INHB)、抗缪勒管激素（AMH）]及子宫内膜厚度的变化。结果：观察组临床疗效总有效率为90.48%,对照组为79.76%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,2组中医证候主症、次症及总积分均较治疗前下降（P<0.05）,研究组上述3项指标值均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,2组FSH、LH水平均较治疗前下降（P<0.05）,E2水平均较治疗前上升（P<0.05）;研究组FSH、LH水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）,E2水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,2组INHB、AMH水平、子宫内膜厚度均较治疗前升高（P<0.05）,研究组上述3项指标值均高于对照组（P<...     

Higher mortality rates associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Saskatchewan,Canada, 2001–2019

ObjectivesTo estimate provincial all-cause mortality rates of Saskatchewan people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for comparison with the general population over time and between different geographic regions.MethodsSaskatchewan provincial administrative health databases (2001–2019) were utilized as data sources. Two RA case definitions were employed: (1) ≥ 3 physician billing diagnoses, at least 1 from a specialist (rheumatologist, general internist or orthopaedic surgeon) within 2 years; (2) ≥ 1 hospitalization diagnosis (ICD-9 code 714, and ICD-10-CA codes M05, M06). Data from these definitions were combined to create an administrative data RA cohort. All-cause mortality rates across geographic regions, between rural/urban residences and between sexes were examined.ResultsOver an 18-year span, between fiscal-year 2001–2002 and fiscal-year 2018–2019, age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates ranged from 17.10 to 21.04 (95% CI 14.77, 19.44; 18.03, 24.05)/1000 RA person-years, compared with mortality rates for the general Saskatchewan population without RA, which ranged from 9.37 to 10.88 (95% CI 9.23, 9.51; 10.72, 11.05)/1000 person-years. Fiscal-year mortality rate ratios ranged from 1.82 to 2.13 (95% CI 1.56, 2.13; 1.83, 2.46). Provincial mortality rates were higher in men than in women for both general and RA populations. Northern Saskatchewan mortality rates were significantly higher in the general population but did not achieve significance compared with other provincial regions for the RA population. Regression analysis identified age, male sex, RA and geographic region as factors contributing to increased mortality. A trend towards lower mortality rates over time was observed.ConclusionHigher mortality rates were observed in the RA population overall. Men had higher mortality rates, as did residents of Northern Saskatchewan compared with residents of other regions for the general population.     

经旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的应用解剖

对 50例成人下肢标本的旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支的起源、起点、外径、走行、分布以及经这二支血管介入有关的结构进行观测 ,为介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供更接近病变部位及可进行插管的血管。结果表明 ,旋股外侧动脉升支与横支共干起自旋股外侧动脉者占 68% ,升支单独起自旋股外侧动脉占 2 6 % ;旋股内侧动脉深支由旋股内侧动脉主干延续而来。旋股内、外侧动脉深支或升支起点外径分别为 3 0± 0 8mm、 2 8± 0 7mm。从股动脉的起点 ,经股深动脉、旋股外侧动脉至其升支长度为 7 1± 1 1cm ;经股深动脉、旋股内侧动脉至其深支长度为 5 6± 1 4cm。旋股内侧动脉与其深支间约呈 90 。 角 ;旋股外侧动脉与其升支间约呈 1 33。 角。旋股内、外侧动脉深支 (升支 )为营养股骨头和颈的血管 ,这二支血管符合导管插入要求