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991.
G. Uddin D. Shoeb S. Solaiman R. Marley C. Gore M. Ramsay R. Harris I. Ushiro‐Lumb S. Moreea S. Alam H. C. Thomas S. Khan B. Watt R. N. Pugh S. Ramaiah R. Jervis A. Hughes S. Singhal S. Cameron W. F. Carman G. R. Foster 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2010,17(5):327-335
Summary. The prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in immigrant communities is unknown. Immigrants from south Asia are common in England and elsewhere, and the burden of viral hepatitis in these communities is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of viral hepatitis in immigrants from south Asia living in England, and we therefore undertook a community‐based testing project in such people at five sites in England. A total of 4998 people attending community centres were screened for viral hepatitis using oral fluid testing. The overall prevalence of anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people of south Asian origin was 1.6% but varied by country of birth being 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.6% and 2.7% in people of this ethnic group born in the UK, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 1.2%–0.2%, 0.1%, 1.5% and 1.8% in people of this ethnic group born in the UK, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, respectively. Analysis of risk factors for HCV infection shows that people from the Pakistani Punjab and those who have immigrated recently are at increased risk of infection. Our study suggests that migrants from Pakistan are at highest risk of viral hepatitis, with those from India at low risk. As prevalence varies both by country and region of origin and over time, the prevalence in migrant communities living in western countries cannot be easily predicted from studies in the country of origin. 相似文献
992.
Multi-specific drug-transport mechanisms are intricately involved in mediating a pleiotropic drug-resistance in cancer cells
by mediating drug-accumulation defects in cells in which they are over-expressed. The existence and over-expression in drug-resistant
neoplasms of transporter proteins belonging to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family indicate that these myriad transporters contribute
to the multidrug-resistance phenomena by removing or sequestering of toxins and metabolites. Another prominent mechanism of
multispecific drug-resistance involves glutathione and glutathione linked enzymes, particularly those of the mercapturic acid
pathway, which are involved in metabolism and excretion of both endogenous and exogenous electrophilic toxins. A key step
in the mercapturic acid pathway, efflux of the glutathione-electrophile conjugate has recently been shown to be catalyzed
largely by the stress-responsive protein RLIP76, a splice variant peptide endowed by the human gene RALBP1. The known involvement
of RLIP76 in membrane signaling pathways and endocytosis has resulted in a new paradigm for transport and metabolism related
drug-resistance in which RLIP76 plays a central role. Our recent studies demonstrating a key anti-apoptotic and stress-responsive
role of RLIP76, and the demonstration of dramatic response in malignancies to RLIP76 depletion indicate that targeting this
mercapturic acid pathway transporter may be a highly effective and multifaceted antineoplastic strategy. 相似文献
993.
Opinion statement The standard treatment approach to symptomatic myeloma consists of induction therapy, consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy
and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in appropriate patients, maintenance therapy, and salvage therapy.
Salvage therapy is of particular importance because not all patients respond to primary therapy, and relapse is virtually
universal in responding patients. Newer agents such as thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide are very active in patients
with relapsed or refractory disease. Their use singly and in combination results in excellent cytoreduction including complete
remissions in patients relapsing – even after extensive prior therapy. These novel agents have been usually used as salvage
therapy in patients relapsing after standard treatment options including transplantation; a setting in which they are thought
to improve survival. However, there is an increasing trend to start using them early in the course of the disease; for induction
therapy. While early deployment of these agents is certainly associated with high-response rates, evidence that this improves
long-term outcome (survival) in patients who subsequently undergo intensive therapy and transplantation is lacking. Toxicity,
expense, and possible long-term consequences on the biology of the disease (for example, development of refractory relapse)
remain a concern. The most appropriate use of newer agents such as lenalidomide is as salvage therapy of relapsed or refractory
disease, and their use as part of induction therapy should be confined to clinical trials until additional data and long-term
follow-up are available.
Disclosures: SS: Speaker bureaus of Celgene Corporation and Millennium Pharmaceuticals. JM: Speaker bureau of Celgene Corporation. 相似文献
994.
Objectives
To identify the problems faced by parents of children with developmental disabilities in availing rehabilitative services and to find their satisfaction level.Methods
This study was carried out at a Child Development Clinic (CDC) located in Northern India. Children with developmental disabilities, who were availing services at CDC for at least last 3 mo and had at least 3 follow-up visits, were enrolled. A questionnaire pertaining to the socio-demographic profile, problems faced in availing services and satisfaction level was filled by the parents of the enrolled children.Results
During the study period, 161 parents filled the questionnaire. 77.6% had some problems in getting the services, the major being difficulty in commuting (50%) and financial constraint (21.7%). More than 80% parents use public transport to reach CDC with 19% travelling more than 50 Km. 29.8% had difficulty in bringing their child to the clinic, either due to severe behavioral problems or physical disability. However, majority of the families were well satisfied with the services as 95% of them graded their satisfaction level at 3 or more on the scale of 0–5.Conclusions
Parents of children with developmental disabilities face many problems in getting rehabilitative services. They travel long distances, face hardships in carrying their child, and lose their day’s earnings, apart from spending time and money for their child’s therapy. However, most of the parents are well satisfied with the services.995.
Yang MM Singhal A Rassekh SR Yip S Eydoux P Dunham C 《Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics》2012,9(5):517-523
The authors describe an infant girl who, at 10 months of age, presented with a large right parietooccipital tumor causing increased intracranial pressure, mass effect, and midline shift. The tumor was completely resected, and the entirety of the histology was consistent with glioblastoma. She was subsequently placed on adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin, vincristine, and temozolomide, according to Head Start III, Regimen C. Three months after the complete resection, tumor recurrence was noted on MR imaging, during the third cycle of chemotherapy, and biopsy revealed malignant astrocytoma. Given the recurrence and the patient's intolerance to chemotherapy, a palliative course was pursued. Unexpectedly, the patient was alive and had made significant developmental improvements 18 months into palliation. Subsequently, however, signs of increased intracranial pressure developed and imaging demonstrated a very large new tumor growth at the site of prior resection. The recurrence was again fully resected, but microscopy surprisingly revealed pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma throughout. The clinicopathological and genetic features of this girl's unusual neoplasm are detailed and potential pathogenic hypotheses are explored in this report. 相似文献
996.
Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare space‐occupying lesion of unknown etiology that can mimic malignancy on clinic‐radiological and pathological examination. We present a case of IPT of the spleen which was clinically suspected to be malignant. This case was initially suggested accurately on fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass and subsequently confirmed on histopathology of the resected specimen. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
997.
Mark A. Polizzi Dharmendra Singhal Joshua Colvin 《Pharmaceutical development and technology》2013,18(6):457-462
Mechanically generated radicals were shown to affect short-term stability of a model pharmaceutical formulation during high-shear processing. A formulation containing an oxidatively sensitive drug, either amorphous or crystalline, and a polymeric excipient was high-shear mixed and the resulting short-term degradation was determined with HPLC. High-shear mixing of the excipients was also carried out before drug addition to isolate effects on excipients versus those directly on the drug. Short-term drug stability was found to be strongly dependent on the amount of shear added to excipients prior to drug addition, regardless of morphology. A mechanism for the observed degradation based on mechanically generated radicals from microcrystalline cellulose is proposed. These results indicate that excipient high-shear exposure needs to be considered in regards to drug stability. 相似文献
998.
Neonatal testicular torsion is a rare entity, the exact etiology of which is not elucidated. Imaging is performed using color Doppler ultrasound and scintigraphic studies with typically diminished testicular flow on the side with torsion. We present a case of testicular torsion in a newborn with increased testicular vascularity demonstrated by ultrasound and suggesting a torsion-detorsion sequence. Management of patients with torsion involves assessing the risks of neonatal surgery versus the possibility of finding viable testicular tissue at surgical exploration. 相似文献
999.
1000.