MR imaging of facial nerve enhancement in Bell palsy or after temporal bone surgery

The authors evaluated magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with intravenously administered gadolinium in ten patients who had facial paralysis and no facial nerve tumor. In patients with either Bell palsy (four patients) or facial paralysis after temporal bone surgery (six patients), intratemporal facial nerve enhancement was seen. Facial nerve enhancement on MR images proved to be a nonspecific finding.     

股骨柄假体表面多孔层孔隙形状改造的动物实验

目的:观察菱形孔隙及方形孔隙两种不同几何形状多孔层设计股骨柄假体的生物学固定效果,分析孔隙几何形状对假体生物学固定的影响。方法:于2003-03/2004-04在中山大学医学部动物中心完成全部实验过程。纳入24只成年杂种犬,雌雄不拘,以随机数字表法均分为2组,即菱形孔隙组及方形孔隙组,各12只。自行设计完成犬骨重建型股骨柄假体,将股骨柄假体近2/3段表层改成两种不同几何形状的粗大多孔层结构,钛丝表面假体,钛丝直径改为1.0mm,孔径加大至5.0mm,孔隙度可达80%。菱形孔隙组钛丝沿股骨假体柄呈螺旋形排列并斜形相交,方形孔隙组钛丝沿股骨假体柄纵横排列并直角相交。均将假体表面孔隙内充填自体股骨头颈骨质制成的骨泥后,行右侧人工股骨头置换术。术后6个月行X射线摄片、组织学检查及生物力学测试,以股骨近端骨吸收情况、新生骨长入深度及孔隙充满度、假体-骨界面最大剪切强度测量为评价指标,了解假体内外成骨和固定情况。结果:菱形孔隙组及方形孔隙组各12只,实验中手术不成功或术后生存不够观察时间的均予实验过程中随时补足,最终每组12只进入结果分析。①组织学观察显示菱形孔隙组多孔层孔隙内最大骨长入深度及孔隙内新生骨平均充盈率均优于方形孔隙组(3000,2450μm;96.2%,71.6%)。②菱形孔隙组假体-骨界面最大剪切强度高于方形孔隙组,差异有显著性意义[(8.57±0.51),(3.15±0.41)N/mm2,P<0.01]。③菱形孔隙组6个月标本肉眼及X射线观察股骨近端无明显骨吸收,优于方形孔隙组;所有实验犬术后伤口缝线任其自行脱落,除1只伤口感染并于术后17d死亡外,余实验犬均伤口愈合良好,未出现不良反应。结论:股骨柄假体表面不同几何形状多孔层设计能影响其生物学固定效果,菱形孔隙设计优于方形孔隙。     

骨关节炎大鼠关节软骨修复与橄榄叶提取物的干预效应

目的:观察橄榄叶提取物对白陶土及鹿角菜胶诱导的大鼠骨关节炎组织炎症的预防作用及对关节软骨的修复作用。方法:试验于2005-11/12在大连医科大学中日合作医药科学研究所进行。实验动物:选择健康雄性SD大鼠80只。实验材料:受试物橄榄叶提取物[由日本国Eisai食品与化学有限公司(日本国东京市)提供]。实验分组及给药:按体质量将大鼠随机分为5组,每组16只。模型对照组,灌胃给予蒸馏水,消炎痛组,灌胃给予消炎痛2mg/kg体质量,其余3组为橄榄叶提取物组,分别给予橄榄叶提取物(活性成分为以羟基酪醇为主的多酚)25,50,100mg/kg体质量灌胃,连续5d。第1天给药后1h,采用白陶土与鹿角菜胶诱发大鼠单发亚急性关节炎。实验评估:①诱发关节炎后1,3,5d,用容积测量法测定每组8只大鼠的左右后肢足跖体积,计算肿胀度,并同时用游标卡尺测定其胫跗骨关节最大径。②诱发关节炎后第5天,测定大鼠足跖伊文思蓝含量。每组的另8只大鼠,在诱发关节炎第5天麻醉后处死,剪下右足跖做组织病理学检查,观察橄榄叶提取物对大鼠骨关节炎中组织炎症的预防作用及对关节软骨的修复作用。结果:80只大鼠全部进入结果分析。①足跖肿胀度及胫跗骨关节径:诱发关节炎后1,3,5d,橄榄叶提取物50mg/kg组和100mg/kg组大鼠的右后足跖肿胀度均明显小于模型对照组大鼠[1d:(46.7±4.2)%,(44.8±6.8)%,(52.5±4.0)%;3d:(40.4±4.8)%,(37.4±5.7)%,(45.0±2.9)%;5d:(34.5±4.8),(31.7±5.3)%,(40.4±4.0)%,P<0.05],橄榄叶提取物25mg/kg体质量组,50mg/kg体质量组,100mg/kg体质量组大鼠的右后胫跗骨关节径与模型对照组大鼠比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②足跖伊文思蓝含量:诱发关节炎后第5天,橄榄叶提取物50mg/kg,100mg/kg组大鼠的右后足跖伊文思蓝含量均明显小于模型对照组大鼠(P<0.05)。③组织病理学检查及评分:组织病理学检查可见,与模型对照组比较,橄榄叶提取物50mg/kg组,100mg/kg组大鼠骨关节炎中组织炎症浸润明显减少,软骨组织无破坏,且组织病理学评分也明显小于模型对照组(P<0.05)。结论:橄榄叶提取物在50mg/kg体质量及以上剂量能有效地预防白陶土与鹿角菜胶诱发的大鼠骨关节炎中组织炎症,且对软骨有修复作用。     

Carbohydrate metabolism investigations in children of diabetic mothers (author's transl)]

A follow-up examination was conducted in 65 children aged up to 7 years whose mothers manifested diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and who had to be transferred to the Children's Hospital at Glanzing, Vienna for post partum complications. No case of manifest diabetes mellitus was recorded. Carbohydrate metabolism was investigated by determining immunological insulin (IRI) and the insulinogenic index during an oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). Three children showed pathological findings; two of them showed incomplete or delayed insulin secretion during the OGTT. One child displayed an inadequate rise in the insulinogenic index with high individual insulin values during the OGTT, which gave border line results. We support the point of view that children of diabetic mothers should be controlled with regard to carbohydrate metabolism regularly to recognize premanifest diabetic states at an early stage.     

彩色多普勒超声对移植肾急性排斥反应的评价

目的:肾移植的成功与否关键在于及时发现和正确处理排斥反应。探讨无创伤性形态学和血流动力学检查手段彩色多普勒超声在移植肾急性排斥反应中的作用,为临床评估肾移植效果及移植肾功能提供客观的辅助性数据。方法:选择2004-01/2005-12在南京医科大学附属第一医院、江苏省人民医院行同种异体移植肾患者57例,其中经穿刺活检证实或最后临床诊断为急性移植肾排斥反应者22例,未发生排斥反应等并发症的移植肾功能正常者35例,患者均知情同意。采用Philips EnVisor彩色多普勒超声血流显像仪,对急性排斥反应肾移植患者进行二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像检测,观察排斥反应患者甲基强的松龙冲击治疗前后移植肾脏的大小、形态结构、肾内血管树分布、血流灌注以及各级动脉血流参数(阻力指数,搏动指数)等指标的变化,并与移植肾功能正常患者进行比较。结果:急性排斥反应组2例患者发生严重并发症死亡,进入结果分析急性排斥反应组20例,移植肾功能正常组35例。①发生急性排斥反应时肾移植患者移植肾体积明显大于肾功能正常组(P<0.01);肾实质增厚,皮髓质界限模糊。给予甲基强的松龙冲击治疗后急性排斥反应组患者肾脏厚径显著小于治疗前(P<0.05);肾实质回声减低,皮髓质交界变清。②发生急性排斥反应时肾移植患者移植肾血流阻力指数、搏动指数均显著高于移植肾功能正常组(P<0.01)。治疗后急性排斥反应组患者肾血流阻力指数、搏动指数均显著低于治疗前(P<0.01),与移植肾功能正常组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声作为一种简便、经济的无创性技术,对移植肾血流阻力指数、搏动指数的追踪观察可为临床上评估肾移植效果提供较可靠的客观依据,对移植肾急性排斥反应的早期诊断有较高的评估价值。     

Blood transfusion exposure does not influence survival in patients with carcinoma of the breast

There is abundant evidence of immune modulation induced by exposure to blood transfusions. Some studies have demonstrated a detrimental effect of transfusion on the recurrence of malignant disease and survival. We retrospectively studied the impact of blood transfusion exposure on 229 patients with breast cancer who were seen from July 1973 to September 1980, had at least 5 years' follow-up and had been randomized by therapy at the time of diagnosis. The patients were divided into four groups according to transfusion history: Group 1 (111 patients), no transfusion; Group 2 (34 patients), first transfusion after mastectomy; Group 3 (41 patients), first transfusion at mastectomy; and Group 4 (43 patients), first transfusion before mastectomy. All transfused patients received red cells or whole blood or both. At the time of analysis, 124 (54%) of the patients had died. Only Group 2 was statistically associated with decreased survival; recurrence of disease was 85 percent in this group, compared with 53 percent to 61 percent in the other three groups (p = 0.006, log-rank test). In general, Group 2 patients received transfusions because of recurrent disease. We conclude that transfusions before or at mastectomy are not associated with increased recurrence or reduced survival in patients with breast cancer.     

颈动脉内中膜厚度与初诊2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的:研究发现,糖尿病视网膜病变和动脉粥样硬化终点事件相关。试验拟验证颈动脉内中膜厚度与初诊汉族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变相关危险因素的关系。方法:①试验对象:选择2006-06/2007-06本院住院的初诊2型糖尿病患者187例,男114例,女73例;平均年龄(51±14)岁;平均体质量指数(24.7±4.7)kg/m2。均符合1997年美国糖尿病协会的2型糖尿病诊断标准,排除既往已存在心血管疾病者。患者对治疗及试验均知情同意。根据眼底照相检查结果,将所有受检者分为糖尿病视网膜病变组及非糖尿病视网膜病变组进行统计分析。②试验方法及评估:所有患者询问一般情况,测量颈动脉内中膜厚度以及相关生化指标,对糖尿病视网膜病变相关因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:纳入2型糖尿病患者187例,均进入结果分析。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,高血压、糖尿病家族史、颈动脉内中膜厚度、尿白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与糖尿病视网膜病变发生呈显著正相关,多因素Logistic回归分析未见显效因素。结论:单因素回归分析中颈动脉内中膜厚度及其他4项指标与糖尿病视网膜病变相关,而多因素回归分析这些因素未进入主效基因模型。     

颈椎椎后肌肉组织中肌膜Na^＋-K^＋-ATP酶活性与颈椎病

目的:探讨颈椎椎后肌肉组织Na -K -ATP酶活性变化与颈椎病的关系。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed1988-01/2004-12相关骨骼肌损伤与肌组织Na -K -ATP酶关系的文献,检索词“Na -K pump,Na -K -ATPase,muscle”,限定文献语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNKI1990-01/2005-12相关Na -K -ATP酶与骨骼肌损伤的关系及颈椎病发病病因的文献,检索词“Na -K -ATP酶,骨骼肌,颈椎病病因”,限定文献语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括Na -K -ATP酶与肌组织损伤关系的文献,开始查找全文。纳入标准:Na -K -ATP酶活性变化与骨骼肌损伤密切相关的文献研究。排除标准:重复研究,Meta分析类文章。资料提炼:共检索到939篇关于Na -K -ATP酶与骨骼肌损伤相关方面的文献,最终纳入20篇符合标准的文献。资料综合:众多研究表明,Na 、K 与骨骼肌的兴奋、收缩、疲劳有密切关系,而Na -K -ATP酶又是调节细胞内外Na 、K 浓度必不可少的高分子蛋白,也就是说,骨骼肌一系列活动均离不开Na -K -ATP酶,Na -K -ATP酶活性变化与骨骼肌损伤是相互影响的。而强迫屈颈体位作为颈椎病发病的危险因素之一,可使颈椎椎后肌肉Na -K -ATP酶活性降低,酶活性降低致使肌细胞损伤,并最终导致骨骼肌损伤而发病。结论:以颈椎椎后肌肉酶活性的变化来阐释中医药对颈椎病确切疗效的相关研究未见,这有待于进一步研究,以充分展示中医药在颈椎病等相关疾病中的治疗优势。     

肿瘤干细胞的研究与进展

目的:作为"种子细胞"的肿瘤干细胞对研究肿瘤发生及其临床治疗具有重要意义。总结近年来肿瘤干细胞的研究进展,对肿瘤干细胞的概念、特性及应用进行综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库1980-01/2006-12期间的相关文章,检索词为"cancer stem cells",限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准:肿瘤干细胞的研究进展及临床价值。排除标准:重复研究。资料提炼:共收集到106篇相关文献,30篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的76篇文献为内容陈旧或重复。符合纳入标准的30篇文献中,分别涉及肿瘤干细胞的定义及来源、研究进展、临床治疗价值等内容。资料综合:肿瘤干细胞具有分裂增殖、自我更新以及分化成其他细胞的能力,目前已证实其存在于白血病、乳腺癌、脑癌、前列腺肿瘤等肿瘤组织中。目前的抗肿瘤治疗方法主要针对的是大多数已经分化的肿瘤细胞,而不能影响到肿瘤干细胞,即治标不治本。肿瘤的复发、转移以及耐药等特征都很可能与肿瘤干细胞有关,因此肿瘤治疗的关键应是针对肿瘤干细胞进行灭杀,又要保护正常干细胞,但此两种细胞表型极为相似,故应找到更为特异的靶点。结论:肿瘤干细胞不仅已经从血液系统的恶性肿瘤中成功分离出来,在大量实体瘤中也证实了肿瘤干细胞的存在,其耐药机制之一是表达一种或多种药物运载蛋白,对于肿瘤的发生及治疗提供了更多的思路和方向。     

Tailored interventions to enhance osteoporosis prevention in women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if tailored nursing interventions based on personal knowledge of bone mineral density from a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry cause increases in knowledge of osteoporosis, health beliefs, or osteoporosis-prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women 50-65 years of age, 6 months after the intervention. METHOD: The design for this pilot study was a two group quasi-experimental design. The treatment group received a tailored intervention; the control group did not. Outcome data were gathered at 6 months after dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The tailored intervention was designed and given to each woman via telephone using her dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results and osteoporosis questionnaire data that addressed her knowledge of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-prevention behaviors of calcium intake, exercise, smoking, and alcohol use. A written mailed copy of the intervention followed the telephone interview. Six months after the intervention, the women were mailed another osteoporosis questionnaire to determine if the tailored intervention made a difference in the outcome variables. SAMPLE: A total 124 women between the ages of 50 and 65 (101 control, 23 treatment) comprised the sample. RESULTS: There was no difference in knowledge between groups. On the average, there were significantly more perceived barriers to calcium in the tailored group (mean = 13.48) than in the nontailored group (mean = 11.55) (t = 2.147; df = 122; p = .034). There were significantly more perceived barriers to exercise in the tailored group (mean = 14.39) than in the nontailored group (mean = 12.21) (t = .144; df = 122; p = .034). Daily calcium intake increased in both the tailored and the nontailored groups. The tailored intervention increased women's daily calcium intake from 614.28 to 1039.10 mg (t = -2.896; df = 22; p = .008). The nontailored group daily calcium intake increased from 587.91 to 916.30 mg (t = -3.541; df = 100; p = .001); there was no significant difference between the groups. Weight-bearing exercise behaviors decreased from 96.04 minutes to 59.2 minutes in the tailored group but increased slightly in the nontailored group from 81.47 to 87.26 minutes of exercise. CONCLUSION: Tailored interventions increased women's perceived barriers to calcium and exercise. Both groups increased calcium intake. The mixed findings of increased perception of barriers to calcium and exercise and decreased exercise behaviors indicate the need for further study. This important intervention has implications for orthopaedic nurses and healthcare professionals involved in health promotion and prevention of osteoporosis.