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91.
Clyde A. Pentz III Merrill F. Elias W. Gibson Wood Norman A. Schultz John Dineen 《Experimental aging research》2013,39(4):351-372
Young adult (X = 29) and middle aged (X = 50) hypertensive and normotensive subjects were compared with respect to seven neuropsychological test scores derived from tests on the Halstead-Reitan battery. Age main effects, with inferior performance for the middle aged subjects, were observed for the localization and time portions of the Tactile Performance Test (TPT) and for the Trail Making A test. The multivariate age effect was significant for the composite of seven scores. A multivariate blood pressure main effect was obtained and main effect blood pressure was significant for the category test; hypertensives made more errors than normotensives. A blood pressure by age interaction was observed for finger tapping scores and the TPT-Memory scores with larger differences between hypertensives and normotensives for the younger than for the middle aged group. Results were discussed in terms of previous studies of age and hypertension with the WAIS, the Primary Mental Abilities Test and serial reaction time measures. The poor prediction of hypertensive status from individual neuropsychological test scores was emphasized and readers were cautioned not to conclude that essential hypertensives, as a group, can be characterized as brain damaged. 相似文献
92.
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94.
Several preclinical models for sepsis have been used in the last decades to successfully unravel the pathophysiologic processes during sepsis. Furthermore, these models for sepsis revealed promising immunomodulating agents for the treatment of sepsis. Nevertheless, several clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of these new anti-inflammatory agents in septic patients showed disappointing results. In this article the advantages and disadvantages of different models for sepsis are discussed. Most models for sepsis lack an infectious focus. Importantly, investigations studying the effects of several immunomodulating strategies have demonstrated strikingly opposite results when using models for sepsis lacking an infectious focus and when using models for sepsis with a more natural route of infection. These differences will be discussed in this article. In general, it is advised to use a combination of models to test a new therapeutic agent, before starting a clinical study evaluating this new therapy. 相似文献
95.
Twenty-five surgically confirmed soft-tissue lesions of the hand were examined prospectively by real-time ultrasound. Use of sonography enabled a reliable diagnosis of the cystic or solid nature of soft-tissue lesions, an accurate estimation of the volume, and precise three-dimensional localization of the abnormality. Sonography also facilitated the location of foreign bodies. Assessment of anatomic relationships of these lesions to tendons and surrounding structures by real-time sonography during palpation, flexion, and/or extension also aided in the surgical approach. 相似文献
96.
Karl Pillemer Emily K. Chen Catherine Riffin Holly Prigerson MC Reid Leslie Schultz 《American journal of public health》2015,105(11):2237-2244
We employed the research-to-practice consensus workshop (RTP; workshops held in
New York City and Tompkins County, New York, in 2013) model to merge researcher
and practitioner views of translational research priorities in palliative care.
In the RTP approach, a diverse group of frontline providers generates a research
agenda for palliative care in collaboration with researchers. We have presented
the major workshop recommendations and contrasted the practice-based research
priorities with those of previous consensus efforts. We uncovered notable
differences and found that the RTP model can produce unique insights into
research priorities. Integrating practitioner-identified needs into research
priorities for palliative care can contribute to addressing palliative care more
effectively as a public health issue.Over the past 2 decades, palliative care has become established as a promising approach
for addressing the needs of individuals with life-threatening illnesses from a holistic,
interdisciplinary perspective. For this project, we defined palliative care as an
approach that improves the quality of life of patients and families facing the problems
encountered in life-threatening illness by preventing and relieving suffering. Core
components of palliative care include providing relief from pain and other distressing
symptoms, affirming dying as a normal process, integrating psychological and spiritual
aspects of care, enhancing the quality of life of patients, and offering support systems
to patients and their families to help them live as fully as possible until death
occurs.Research suggests that palliative care results in positive patient outcomes, greater
patient and family satisfaction, and significant cost savings.1,2 The American Public Health Association, the
World Health Organization, and the Institute of Medicine3–6 have identified the
development of a robust palliative care delivery system as a key public health issue
because of the documented ability of palliative care to deliver effective and efficient
patient- and symptom-focused care to a growing population in need.In its 2013 report the American Public Health Association specifically detailed the
public health implications of palliative care, acknowledged the growing burden of
advanced chronic illness and disease in older adults, and recommended key steps to
address the problem. This policy statement called for federal, state, and local efforts
to promote effective symptom management in populations with serious illness or at the
end of life. Other recommended initiatives included the development of a palliative care
workforce, educational programs to improve uptake and use of palliative and hospice
care, and research funding to support the expansion of palliative care initiatives.
Achieving these goals will require moving beyond traditional medical practices to
include both policies and initiatives at the public health level.Despite the potential of palliative care to address the mental and physical health needs
of individuals with advanced illness, significant knowledge gaps impede its reach and
effectiveness. Reports from scientific bodies and consensus workshops have highlighted
weaknesses in the literature and called for more research on palliative care and
improved research methods.7–10 Thus, although both interest in and demand for
palliative care are increasing, reviews of the knowledge base continue to lament the
lack of research on many key issues.11,12Especially urgent is a research agenda that fits most closely with the needs of providers
who deliver palliative care. The systematic engagement of community practitioners in a
consensus process can lead to particularly useful and actionable recommendations for
research,13–15 which are greatly needed at this stage in the
development of the field. Therefore, to shed new light on research priorities in
palliative care, we used a structured, participatory method designed to solicit
practitioner input on research priorities: the research-to-practice consensus workshop
(RTP) model.16We employed the RTP approach to identify knowledge gaps and types of studies that should
be conducted to improve providers’ ability to deliver palliative care most
effectively. This model harnesses practice wisdom by engaging clinicians, agency staff,
and other practitioners with researchers in a process of articulating and refining
research questions and research priorities that honors scientific expertise and practice
wisdom. 相似文献
97.
Christiane Bergamasco RD Lilian Mika Horie RD Raquel Susana Torrinhas BD Dan L. Waitzberg MD PhD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2015,39(8):941-947
Background: The daily consumption of dietary fiber is frequently below suggested recommendations. Using a double‐blind, controlled, randomized study, we assessed the efficiency and tolerance of a fiber‐enriched orange juice to supplement fiber intake in women. Materials and Methods: After 1 week of noninterventional observation, 192 healthy adult women ingested 400 mL of orange juice for 21 days, which either was not (placebo group) or was enriched with fiber (fiber group). Orange juice ingestion was registered daily and controlled for each week during the study period. Macronutrient, fiber, and energy intake were determined using a 3‐day food record, validated food chemical composition databases, and the “Pro Diet” software. Gastrointestinal symptoms were self‐evaluated daily by scoring 4 grades of symptom intensity and using a visual analog scale to grade pain severity. Results: No changes were observed for macronutrient and energy ingestion. For the placebo group (n = 97), the total fiber intake record was under the daily recommended value. In contrast, the fiber group (n = 95) displayed higher comparative values of total and soluble fiber consumption (P ≤ .001), achieving the daily recommended values of fiber intake. Both groups reported an increased frequency of slight bloating and rumbles over time (P ≤ .05). The fiber group also experienced a higher frequency of slight flatulence over time (P = .002). Conclusion: Consumption of fiber‐enriched orange juice was efficient to achieve the daily fiber intake recommendation for women, was not accompanied by intense adverse events, and may represent a suitable method to supplement fiber intake in woman. 相似文献
98.
99.
Matthieu Jabaudon Raiko Blondonnet Bruno Pereira Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba Christoph Lichtenstern Tommaso Mauri Rogier M. Determann Tomas Drabek Rolf D. Hubmayr Ognjen Gajic Florian Uhle Andrea Coppadoro Antonio Pesenti Marcus J. Schultz Marco V. Ranieri Helena Brodska Ségolène Mrozek Vincent Sapin Michael A. Matthay Jean-Michel Constantin Carolyn S. Calfee 《Intensive care medicine》2018,44(9):1388-1399
Purpose
The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) is a marker of lung epithelial injury and alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), with promising values for assessing prognosis and lung injury severity in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because AFC is impaired in most patients with ARDS and is associated with higher mortality, we hypothesized that baseline plasma sRAGE would predict mortality, independently of two key mediators of ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis of individual data from 746 patients enrolled in eight prospective randomized and observational studies in which plasma sRAGE was measured in ARDS articles published through March 2016. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Using multivariate and mediation analyses, we tested the association between baseline plasma sRAGE and mortality, independently of driving pressure and tidal volume.Results
Higher baseline plasma sRAGE [odds ratio (OR) for each one-log increment, 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.38; P?=?0.04], driving pressure (OR for each one-point increment, 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.07; P?=?0.002), and tidal volume (OR for each one-log increment, 1.98; 95% CI 1.07–3.64; P?=?0.03) were independently associated with higher 90-day mortality in multivariate analysis. Baseline plasma sRAGE mediated a small fraction of the effect of higher ΔP on mortality but not that of higher VT.Conclusions
Higher baseline plasma sRAGE was associated with higher 90-day mortality in patients with ARDS, independently of driving pressure and tidal volume, thus reinforcing the likely contribution of alveolar epithelial injury as an important prognostic factor in ARDS. Registration: PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018100241).100.
C Taylor S E Schultz L F Paszat S Bondy L Rabeneck 《Journal canadien de gastroenterologie》2007,21(12):805-808
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine the proportion of individuals with a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Ontario in whom the cancer was screen detected. The secondary objectives were to determine the cancer stage at diagnosis and the indications for the procedure in patients who received their first colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Individuals admitted to a hospital with a new diagnosis of CRC were randomly selected after stratifying by hospital type (teaching or community). The Canadian Institute for Health Information's Discharge Abstract Database was used to identify individuals with a first diagnosis of CRC during calendar year (CY) 2000, and Ontario Health Insurance Plan data were used to identify people 50 to 74 years of age who had their first colonoscopy during CY 2000. Up to 20 individuals were selected for each group (CRC or colonoscopy) in each of seven randomly selected community hospitals and three randomly selected teaching hospitals. Data were abstracted from the hospital charts. RESULTS: The hospital charts of 152 patients with a new diagnosis of CRC were examined. Of the 133 patients in whom screening status could be determined, eight had screen-detected cancers (6.0%). Of the 99 patients (65% of the sample) in whom stage could be determined, 43 (43.4%) had advanced disease (tumour-node-metastasis stage III or IV) at diagnosis. The hospital charts of 184 patients who underwent their first colonoscopy were examined. Of the 175 patients in whom the indication for colonoscopy could be determined, 45 underwent the procedure for screening purposes, 10 were for diagnostic workup of anemia and 120 for evaluation of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The low proportion (6%) of screen-detected CRC and the high proportion of patients (43.4%) with advanced disease at diagnosis reflect the lack of an organized screening program. 相似文献