6－甲氧基正丁苯酞在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢研究

报道了用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法及衍生化技术研究６甲氧基正丁苯酞（ＭＢＰ）在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢转化结果。６甲氧基正丁苯酞在苯巴比妥（ＰＢ）诱导的大鼠肝微粒体中主要转化为３羟基、γ羟基取代物，６羟基正丁苯酞与一个环氧化代谢产物     

常咯啉在实验性心律失常狗的药代动力学－药效动力学分析

用Ｈａｒｒｉｓ冠脉结扎法诱发的心律失常狗研究常咯啉药代动力学－药效动力学。７只狗按８３．３３μｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｍｉｎ￣（－１）静脉滴注６０ｍｉｎ，在给药期间和停药后不同时间记录ＥＣＧ及测定血药浓度。Ｃ－Ｔ数据用药代程序计算药代参数；药效数据用药代－药效同步分析模型计算药效动力学参数，Ｋ１０，Ｔ１／２，Ｖｄ，Ｃｌ分别为０．００８７ｍｉｎ￣（－１），７８．０３ｍｉｎ，４０．５５ｍｌ·ｋｇ￣（－１）和０．４２１ｍｌ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｍｉｎ￣（－１）；Ｋｅ０和Ｃｅ（５０）分别为０．００４８ｍｉｎ￣（－１）和２．０１μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）.     

6－甲氧基正丁苯酞的体内代谢转化研究

大鼠用６－甲氧基正丁苯酞（ＭＢＰ）灌胃，收集０～２４ｈ尿液，经酶水解、提取浓缩、衍生化处理后用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析。在大鼠０～２４ｈ尿液中，６－甲氧基正丁苯酞原药含量很低，主要以代谢物形式存在，依次为Ｃ－６脱甲基产物、Ｃ３－Ｃα环氧化物、γ－羟化物、β－羟化物以及两个次级代谢产物。６－甲氧基正丁苯酞体内代谢结果与其在肝微粒体中代谢结果基本一致。     

常咯啉在实验性心律失常狗的药代动力学-药效动力学分析

用Harris冠脉结扎法诱发的心律失常狗研究常咯啉药代动力学-药效动力学。7只狗按83.33μg·kg^-1·min^-1静脉滴注60min,在给药期间和停药后不同时间记录ECG及测定血药浓度。C-T数据用药代程序计算药代参数;药效数据用药代-药效同步分析模型计算药效动力学参数,K₁₀, T_1/2,Vd,Cl分别为0.0087min^-1,78.03min,40.55ml·kg^-1和0.421ml·kg^-1·min^-1;K_eO和Ce(50)分别为0.0048min^-1和2.01μg·ml^-1.     

Trends in women's health services by type of physician seen: data from the 1985 and 1997-98 NAMCS.

As managed care enrollment has increased, controversy has arisen about the role of internists (IM), family physicians (FP), and obstetrician/gynecologists (ob/gyns) in the provision of women's health care. Efforts to improve training in women's health needs have also increased. Yet it is unclear how these trends have affected practice. We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), a nationally representative sample of office-based medical visits, to examine by physician specialty a) trends in the proportion of visits for women's health care and b) the content of nonillness care. Between 1985 and 1997-98, market share of reproductive health services increased for IMs (e.g., from 3.7% to 10.5% of contraceptive visits, p <.05) and decreased for FPs (from 30.5% to 20.5% for contraceptive visits, p <.05). Ob/Gyns increased their share of women's health care visits, with reproductive health visits increasing from 56.2% to 65.9% (p <.0001). The trend in hormone replacement therapy visits differed, with nonsignificant gains in market share for IMs and decreases for ob/gyns. Nonillness care (1997-98 data only) differed predictably by specialty, with IMs and FPs more often providing cholesterol screening while ob/gyns more often provided reproductive health services. Compared with IMs and FPs, ob/gyns were more likely to counsel women on reproductive health topics and equally likely to counsel on general health topics, but additional time spent in counseling was lower. Specialty differences in the provision of women's health services continue, though the scope of care provided by IMs has broadened. Still, women are unlikely to obtain a full range of preventive services in a single nonillness visit. Ensuring adequate coordination among physicians providing primary care to women continues to be a critical concern.     

The Effect of Garlic Extract on Expression of INFγ And Inos Genes in Macrophages Infected with Leishmania major

Background

The study was aimed to show the effect of molecular mechanism of Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) on expression of IFNγ and iNOS genes in Leishmania major.

Methods

Leishmania major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER) were added to the in-vitro cultured J774 cell line, the cells were incubated for 72 hours. Various concentrations of garlic extract (9.25, 18.5, 37, 74, 148 mg/ml) were added to the infected cells. MTT assay was applied for cellular proliferation. After 72 hours of incubation, supernatants were collected and total RNA was extracted from the infected cells. The express of IFNγ and iNOS genes were studied by RT-PCR method.

Results

The colorimetric MTT assay after 3 days of incubation showed cytotoxic effect of garlic extract with an IC50 of 37 mg/ml. In addition, IFNγ and iNOS genes expression by RT-PCR indicated that garlic extract lead to over expression of these genes in J774 cell line infected with L. major.

Conclusion

Garlic extract exerts cytotoxic effect on infected J774 cell line. In addition, the hypothesis that garlic can improve cellular immunity with raising the expression of IFNγ and of iNOS genes confirmed.     

Effect of medial arch-heel support in inserts on reducing ankle eversion: a biomechanics study

Background  

Excessive pronation (or eversion) at ankle joint in heel-toe running correlated with lower extremity overuse injuries. Orthotics and inserts are often prescribed to limit the pronation range to tackle the problem. Previous studies revealed that the effect is product-specific. This study investigated the effect of medial arch-heel support in inserts on reducing ankle eversion in standing, walking and running.