Corticobasal and ataxia syndromes widen the spectrum of C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansion disease

Recently, a hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat expansion in the first intron of C9ORF72 was reported as the cause of chromosome 9p21‐linked frontotemporal dementia‐amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD‐ALS). We here report the prevalence of the expansion in a hospital‐based cohort and associated clinical features indicating a wider clinical spectrum of C9ORF72 disease than previously described. We studied 280 patients previously screened for mutations in genes involved in early onset autosomal dominant inherited dementia disorders. A repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction amplification assay was used to identify pathogenic GGGGCC expansions. As a potential modifier, confirmed cases were further investigated for abnormal CAG expansions in ATXN2. A pathogenic GGGGCC expansion was identified in a total of 14 probands. Three of these presented with atypical clinical features and were previously diagnosed with clinical olivopontocerebellar degeneration (OPCD), atypical Parkinsonian syndrome (APS) and a corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Further, the pathogenic expansion was identified in six FTD patients, four patients with FTD‐ALS and one ALS patient. All confirmed cases had normal ATXN2 repeat sizes. Our study widens the clinical spectrum of C9ORF72related disease and confirms the hexanucleotide expansion as a prevalent cause of FTD‐ALS disorders. There was no indication of a modifying effect of the ATXN2 gene.     

乙型肝炎病毒对肝内TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的作用

 目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）对肝内TGF-β1蛋白表达及Smads信号通路的作用,为制定慢性乙肝肝纤维化临床治疗策略提供理论依据。方法：(1)运用免疫组化PV-6000法检测对照组和慢性乙肝组肝组织中TGF-β1、HBsAg和HBcAg的表达,并采用荧光定量PCR法测定慢性乙肝患者血清HBV DNA含量。(2)应用体外细胞培养技术培养HBV刺激的人肝星状细胞系LX-2细胞,Western blotting方法测定其细胞内TGF-β1、Smad3和Smad7的蛋白表达。结果：(1)慢性乙肝组肝组织内TGF-β1的表达高于对照组（P＜0.01）;肝内TGF-β1表达水平与血清HBV DNA含量呈正相关（P＜0.01）,且HBcAg阳性肝组织水平较高（P＜0.01）。(2)体外细胞学实验中,HBV刺激组LX-2细胞内TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白含量高于对照组和HBV+抗-TGF-β1组（P＜0.01）;Smad7蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：(1)TGF-β1在慢性乙肝患者肝组织中的表达与血清HBV DNA含量及肝内HBcAg的表达有关。(2)在TGF-β1/Smads信号通路中,HBV致纤维化作用机制以Smad3的正性调控为主,Smad7的作用不明显。     

胃泌素对胃癌细胞SGC7901 Reg Ⅰ基因转录因子的效应

目的 探讨胃泌素对胃癌细胞SGC7901 Reg Ⅰ(Reg Ⅰ)基因转录因子的效应.方法 应用巢式PCR技术从胃癌细胞SGC7901基因组DNA扩增Reg Ⅰ基因启动子1414bp片段,将该片段插入pMD19-T载体,序列分析鉴定.应用随机引物法以地高辛分别标记1414bp及其HindⅢ酶切800bp和614bp片段,经灵敏度检测后,作为探针.应用Genomatix MatInspector在线分析软件分析Reg Ⅰ基因启动子1414bp片段的转录因子结合位点.分别以10-7 mol/L和10-8mol/L胃泌素G-17处理胃癌细胞SGC7901 48h,提取核蛋白.应用DNA-蛋白质印迹法(Southern blotting),分别以地高辛标记的1414bp、800bp和614bp片段为探针检测胃泌素对胃癌细胞SGC7901 Reg Ⅰ基因转录因子的效应.结果 1414bp探针可检测到20条蛋白主带.胃泌素孵育后,带型没有变化,但是一些条带的灰度值改变,带9、12、13、14、15和16的灰度值明显降低(P＜0.05);不同浓度胃泌素处理组之间上述6个条带的灰度值差异不明显(P＞0.05).614bp探针可检测到灰度值变化的6条主带中的带9、12和13,胃泌素处理后,此3条主带的灰度值明显降低(P＜0.05).800bp探针可检测到灰度值变化的6条主带中的带9、12和14,胃泌素处理后,仅带14的灰度值明显降低(P＜0.05).614bp和800bp探针均未检出带15和带16.结论 胃癌细胞SGC7901Reg Ⅰ基因表达由多个转录因子协同调控.降低几个转录因子的结合活性可能是胃泌素上调胃癌细胞SGC7901Reg Ⅰ基因表达的途径之一.     

Molecular characterization of CTX‐M‐15‐producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli reveals the spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 (O25:H4) and ST964 (O102:H6) strains in Norway

Nationwide, CTX‐M‐producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates from the Norwegian ESBL study in 2003 (n=45) were characterized on strain and plasmid levels. Bla_CTX‐M allele typing, characterization of the genetic environment, phylogenetic groups, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Plasmid analysis included S1‐nuclease‐PFGE, polymerase chain reaction‐based replicon typing, plasmid transfer and multidrug resistance profiling. Bla_CTX‐M‐15 (n=23; 51%) and bla_CTX‐M‐14 (n=11; 24%) were the major alleles of which 18 (78%) and 6 (55%), respectively, were linked to ISEcp1. Thirty‐two isolates were of phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Isolates were of 29 different XbaI‐PFGE‐types including six regional clusters. Twenty‐three different O:H serotypes were found, dominated by O25:H4 (n=9, 20%) and O102:H6 (n=9, 20%). Nineteen different STs were identified, where ST131 (n=9, 20%) and ST964 (n=7, 16%) were dominant. Bla_CTX‐M was found on ≥100 kb plasmids (39/45) of 10 different replicons dominated by IncFII (n=39, 87%), FIB (n=20, 44%) and FIA (n=19, 42%). Thirty‐nine isolates (87%) displayed co‐resistance to other classes of antibiotics. A transferable CTX‐M phenotype was observed in 9/14 isolates. This study reveals that the majority of CTX‐M‐15‐expressing strains in Norway are part of the global spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 and ST‐complex 405, associated with ISEcp1 on transferrable IncFII plasmids.     

ATP生物荧光肿瘤体外药物敏感性检测在口腔癌化疗中的应用

目的探讨肿瘤体外药敏实验ATP生物荧光法(ATP-TCA)在口腔癌化疗中的应用。方法应用ATP生物荧光肿瘤体外药物敏感性检测法,检测48例口腔癌组织对6种常用化疗方案的敏感性。结果组织标本的可评估率为92.0%。口腔癌对TAT DDP最敏感,体外有效率为83.3%,其次为5-Fu DDP(75.0%),BLM(54.2%),DDP(60.4%),MTX(45.8%),5-Fu(62.5%)。化疗药物对口腔癌的杀伤作用具有较强的个体差异性。结论TP生物荧光肿瘤体外药物敏感性检测法敏感性高、稳定性好、简便、快速、检测结果可靠,可用于临床制定个体化的化疗方案。     

原发性肝细胞癌患者外周血单个核细胞中HBV-DNA含量检测的意义

目的:了解原发性肝细胞癌(PHCC)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中乙型肝炎病毒核酸(HBV-DNA)的整合情况,以揭示其在HCC发病机制中的作用。方法:应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)技术检测32例HCC患者和45例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清和PBMC中HBV-DNA含量,引物和探针设计选择HBVC区的DNA序列。结果:HCC组和CHB组患者血清中HBV-DNA阳性率分别为62.5%(20/32)和46.7%(21/45)、HBV-DNA均值(不含阴性)分别为105.50±1.52和105.05±1.45copies/ml,PBMC中HBV-DNA阳性率分别为87.5%(28/32)和51.1%(23/45)(P<0.01)、HBV-DNA均值(不含阴性)分别为104.51±1.32和104.05±1.05copies/ml;HCC组血清和PBMC中HBV-DNA阳性率相比较有统计学差异(62.5%比87.5%,P<0.05);HCC组和CHB组血清和PBMC中HBV-DNA同时阳性时,其HBV-DNA含量均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:HCC患者PBMC中存在HBV-DNA整合的现象;作为临床预测HCC发生的风险指标,PBMC中HBV-DNA含量的检测与穿刺肝组织相比具有轻创或无创的优点。     

DC-SIGNR基因多态性与丙型肝炎病毒载量的相关性研究

目的了鹪丙型肝炎患者DC-SIGN／DC-SIGNR基因颈区重复序列的遗传多态性分布，探讨DC-SIGNR基因多态性与丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）载量的关系。方法采用PCR结合DNA测序对300例丙型肝炎患者DC—SIGNR重复序列多态性进行基因分型和测序分析；同时检测了患者的HCV病毒载量。结果该研究发现携带7等位基因（中等的）的患者、其HCV病毒载量水平低于携带9等位基因（较长的）的患者（P〈0.05），此外7／7基因型的患者组其HCV病毒载量水平低于9／7基因型的患者组，两组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）、提示HCV病毒更易与携带较长DC—SINGR等位基因的患者结合。结论DC-SIGNR遗传多态性可能与HCV病毒在个体内的复制有关。     

宫腹腔镜联合应用诊治输卵管性不孕的临床研究

目的:探讨宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合诊治输卵管阻塞性不孕的效果。方法:对诊断为不孕症的病人,首先进行输卵管通液术,对于通液结果为输卵管不通者,应用76%的泛影葡胺行子宫、输卵管造影。对诊断为双侧输卵管阻塞者则宫腔镜与腹腔镜联合应用,宫腔镜下观察宫腔内、输卵管、子宫口是否存在病变,做选择性输卵管插管通液术,腹腔镜直视下观察输卵管阻塞度及阻塞部位,并做相应手术。结果:双侧通畅15例,一侧通对侧阻塞9例,一侧通而不畅对侧通畅6例,双侧阻塞2例。均较单用宫腔插管通液效果好。结论:宫、腹腔镜联合能充分利用二者的优点,相互补充,明确输卵管阻塞的部位和程度,对输卵管复通有一定临床价值。     

5''-磷酸胞苷体外抗氧化作用的研究

近年来的研究表明,5'-核苷酸具有提高免疫力、促生长、抗氧化、促进机体损伤修复、减少细胞凋亡、减轻炎性反应等功能[1-4].但关于5'-核苷酸的抗氧化作用机制尚无系统研究.本研究分析体外条件下5'-磷酸胞苷(5'-CMP)的清除活性氧能力及其对氧化损伤小鼠脾细胞的修复作用,旨在阐明其可能的作用机制.