超长段尿道狭窄术后勃起功能的评估

Objective To investigate the effect of substitutive reconstruction of long urethral stricture on male erectile function. Methods From January 2007 to January 2009, 23 patients with anterior or posterior long urethral stricture were accepted for a variety of onlay substitutive procedures, including lingual mucosa, perputial skin, and mid-scrotal skin. During the follow-up, data from the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (ⅡEF-5) questionnaire and the Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire as well as maximal flow rate were recorded. All data were compared with those obtained before surgery. Results Significant improvement in QOL (1.22 ± 1.40, 1.82 ± 1. 17,2.07± 0.46) and maximal flow rate (22.46± 4.65, 23.81 ± 6.22, 21.52 ±7.44 ) could be observed 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery compared with those before surgery (5. 22 ± 0. 75, 3. 93 ± 3. 62)(P＜0.01). No significant differences in the responses to the ⅡEF-5 questionnaire were observed among all patients during the follow-up (P＞0. 05). At the 3, 6 and 12 months after procedure,scores of ⅡEF-5 in patients with anterior urethral stricture ( 17.79 ± 6.42, 16. 57 ± 4. 78, 16.01 ±3.85) were significantly higher than those with posterior urethral stricture (11.67 ± 2.59, 12.35 ±1.83,13. 19±1.67, P＜0.05). In patients with posterior urethral stricture, the multiple linear regression showed that age, time interval of injury and length of stricture were related to the ⅡEF-5score (P＜0.05). Conclusions Substitutive reconstruction for treating the long urethral stricture has little effect on male erectile function. But the location of stricture, especially extended to posterior urethra, may have impact on the erectile function.     

Estrogen receptor status in CHEK2-positive breast cancers: implications for chemoprevention

To investigate the relationship between CHEK2 mutation status and estrogen receptor (ER) status in unselected cases of early-onset breast cancer from Poland, we screened 4441 women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 51 years and 7217 controls for three inherited mutations in CHEK2 (1100delC, IVS2+1G>A, del5395). ER status was compared between CHEK2 -positive and CHEK2 -negative breast cancer cases. A truncating mutation in CHEK2 was seen in 140 of 4441 cases and in 70 of 7217 controls [odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; 95% CI = 2.5–4.4; p < 0.0001]. ER status was available for 92 of 140 mutation carriers and for 3001 of 4301 non-carriers with breast cancer. The OR was higher for ER-positive cancers (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.7–5.4; p < 0.0001) than for ER-negative cancers (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.3–3.3; p = 0.002). Sixty-six of the 92 breast cancers in carriers of CHEK2 truncating mutations were ER positive compared with 1742 of the 3001 breast cancers in non-carriers (72% vs 58%; p = 0.01). Women with a CHEK2 mutation face a fourfold increase in the risk of ER-positive breast cancer and might be candidates for tamoxifen chemoprevention.     

傣族、汉族非综合征型耳聋患者GJB2基因分析

目的分析云南省普洱地区傣族、汉族非综合征型耳聋患者GJB2基因编码区核苷酸序列.方法采集同一地区的傣族(20例)、汉族(74例)非综合征型耳聋患者(共94例)及152例健康人群(40例傣族和112例汉族)的外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,进行GJB2基因编码区的PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行测序,检测GJB2基因的突变位点.结果 GJB2基因检测发现了6种常见核苷酸序列的改变方式,包括79G→A、341A→G、109G→A、235delC、608T→C和257-258GC to CG.对照组中未检测到235delC致病突变.在94例非综合征型耳聋患者中发现3例(傣族1例,汉族2例)携带235delC纯合突变(3.19%).其余5种碱基改变为常见的多态性变化.结论相对于中国内地的汉族而言,普洱地区的傣族、汉族非综合征型耳聋患者GJB2基因235delC的突变率较低.     

清脑宣窍方有效组分对缺血性脑中风大鼠血脑屏障上P-糖蛋白表达的影响

目的比较正常及缺血损伤时大鼠血脑屏障上转运蛋白中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)时征表达及清脑宣窍方有效组分对其表达的影响。方法线栓法制备缺血性脑中风大鼠模型,按照不同再灌注时间,模型组再分为0、0.51、、26、、122、4 h,采用免疫组织化学法观察正常组与模型组大鼠脑皮质及海马缺血区P-gp的表达。除假手术组外,缺血动物于术后1 d,随机分为模型组、清脑宣窍方有效组分高、中、低剂量组、维拉帕米组,并于造模后1～5 d灌胃给予相应药物。末次给药后,处死动物,取材,检测大鼠脑皮质及海马区P-gp的表达。结果免疫组织化学染色结果显示,正常组与模型组大鼠脑皮质及海马缺血区均可见P-gp阳性染色。免疫组化半定量分析表明,与正常组比较,不同再灌注时间模型组P-gp表达量均有显著性差异(P<0.05),皮质及海马缺血区P-gp表达量均降低;与模型组比较,清脑宣窍方有效组分各剂量组及维拉帕米组对缺血性脑中风大鼠脑皮质及海马区P-gp表达量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论在缺血性脑中风病理状态下,大鼠脑血脑屏障上转运蛋白P-gp存在一定的时征表达,而且从一定程度上反映了特定病理状态下由于蛋白表达的改变而引起的血脑屏障通透性的变化。清脑宣窍方有效组分对缺血性脑中风大鼠脑皮质及海马缺血区P-gp表达具有显著的抑制作用。     

牙本质小管封闭治疗牙本质过敏症的机制和效果

牙本质过敏症是由于釉质的完整性受到破坏,造成牙本质小管暴露,从而使牙齿对温度、化学物质和机械刺激等因素敏感的一种临床病症。其治疗的主要方法是封闭暴露的牙本质小管,降低牙本质小管的通透性。封闭方法按机制可分为原位沉积法、氟诱导矿化法、纳米粒子填塞法、粘接覆盖法和激光熔融法等。对于这些封闭方法实验室常用的效果评价手段主要包括扫描电镜观察和牙本质渗透性检测。本文就近年来封闭牙本质小管不同方法的内在机制和效果作一综述。     

牙齿外漂白中的显微硬度分析

显微硬度测量法能间接反映牙体硬组织的矿物含量变化,是目前评价牙齿漂白产品对牙体硬组织影响最常用的方法之一。样本种类、漂白剂、测量部位、储存环境等都可能会造成牙体矿物含量的变化,从而导致牙体显微硬度值的差异。本文就牙齿外漂白中显微硬度测量法的应用及相关影响因素的研究作一综述。     

HBV混合感染中前C／cp区变异与HBeAg的相关性研究

目的 研究慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HBeAg表达与HBV混合感染中前C/C基因启动子cp变异的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应扩增HBV-前C/cp基因,以PUC18为载体构建质粒,并进行DNA序列测定后用DNAStar软件包进行序列分析.结果 9例患者体内共构建356份HBV-前C/cp质粒;测序结果显示同一患者体内均存在多种变异形式的HBV-前C/cp基因,HBeAg阳性患者体内多为野生株,而HBeAg阴性患者多为突变株;发现13种热点突变形式,其中12种在HBeAg阴性和HBeAg阳性患者体内分布有显著性差异.结论 HBV前C/cp区基因变异是导致HBeAg阴转的重要原因之一;HBV感染者体内同时存在多种变异形式的病毒株,野生株/突变株的比例波动在一定程度上决定血清HBeAg的水平.