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Background
In 2002, the World Health Organization published a health system performance ranking for 191 member countries. The ranking was based on five indicators, with fixed weights common to all countries.Methods
We investigate the feasibility and desirability of using mathematical programming techniques that allow weights to vary across countries to reflect their varying circumstances and objectives.Results
By global distributional measures, scores and ranks are found to be not very sensitive to changes in weights, although differences can be large for individual countries.Conclusions
Building the flexibility of variable weights into calculation of the performance index is a useful way to respond to the debates and criticisms appearing since publication of the ranking. 相似文献84.
Grilo CM Skodol AE Gunderson JG Sanislow CA Stout RL Shea MT Morey LC Zanarini MC Bender DS Yen S McGlashan TH 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》2004,110(1):64-68
OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). METHOD: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. RESULTS: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of 'preoccupied with details', 'rigid and stubborn', and 'reluctant to delegate'. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria. 相似文献
85.
Grilo CM Sanislow CA Shea MT Skodol AE Stout RL Pagano ME Yen S McGlashan TH 《The International journal of eating disorders》2003,34(3):319-330
OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the natural course of bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and to test the effects of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity on the outcomes. METHOD: Ninety-two female patients with current BN (N=23) or EDNOS (N=69) were evaluated at baseline enrollment in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS). Eating disorders (EDs) were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Personality disorders (PDs) were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV PD (DIPD-IV). The course of BN and EDNOS was assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation and the course of PDs was evaluated with the Follow-Along version of the DIPD-IV at 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS: Probability of remission at 24 months was 40% for BN and 59% for EDNOS. To test the effects of PD comorbidity on course, ED patients were divided into groups with no, one, and two or more PDs. Cox proportional regression analyses revealed that BN had a longer time to remission than EDNOS (p<.05). The number of PDs was not a significant predictor of time to remission, nor was the presence of Axis I psychiatric comorbidity or Global Assessment of Functioning scores. Analyses using proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariates revealed that PD instability was unrelated to changes in ED. CONCLUSIONS: BN has a worse 24-month course (longer time to remission) than EDNOS. The natural course of BN and EDNOS is not influenced significantly by the presence, severity, or time-varying changes of co-occurring PDs, co-occurring Axis I disorders, or by global functioning. 相似文献
86.
Ventral hernia repair: a study of current practice 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
Ventral wall hernias are common; despite this, there are no guidelines on the best surgical management. The aim of this study
was to examine the types of repair in use for abdominal wall hernias in the West of Scotland over a 3-month period. Data were
gathered on 120 patients. There were 60 incisional, 32 umbilical, and 28 epigastric hernias. The main indication for repair
was pain (78%), while 12 patients (10%), presented acutely with incarceration or strangulation. The most common method of
repair was sutured (55%), followed by mesh (29%) and Mayo repair (16%). There was no correlation between use of mesh and hernia
size or whether repair was for a recurrent hernia. Surgical practice varies widely in the repair of ventral wall hernias.
Clinical trials are required to establish the best method of repair for this common condition.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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目的构建人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)片段的真核表达质粒。方法用RT-PCR方法从肝癌组织中提取总RNA扩增出hTERT基因片段,将其连接pGEM-TEasy质粒上,将重组质粒pGEM-T-hTERT和pEGFP-C3真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体同时用HindⅢ和BamHⅠ双酶切后进行连接,再将重组的pEGFP-C3-hTERT基因片段转染NIH3T3细胞,经G418筛选获得稳定转染的细胞系,荧光倒置显微镜观察并检测转染细胞的hTERTmRNA表达水平。结果DNA序列分析证实了重组载体pGEM-T-hTERT和pEGFP-C3-hTERT内插入片段的碱基组成与公开发表的hTERT序列一致。转染pEGFP-C3-hTERT的NIH3T3细胞可见绿色荧光,并检出高水平表达的hTERT。结论成功构建高效表达hTERT的真核表达载体,为以hTERT为靶点的肿瘤治疗打下实验基础。 相似文献
89.
目的:该实验旨在研究急性肺损伤(ALI)时肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(AEC-Ⅱ)超微结构变化和肺组织表面活性蛋白SP-A含量的变化关系,从而探讨ALI的发病机制。方法:48只Sprague-Dawley幼鼠被随机分为正常对照组和ALI组。 腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS,4 mg/kg)建立ALI模型,正常对照组注射等量生理盐水。 LPS注射后24,48,72 h每亚组各处死8只大鼠。 取左肺下肺组织待透射电镜检查。 用Western blot方法测定肺组织SP-A的相对含量。结果:ALI 24 h时,AEC-Ⅱ微绒毛消失。24 h及48 h时板层小体(lamellar body, Lb)数量增加,体积增大,密度减低,排空明显增强,呈指环状绕核排列,细胞增生活跃,代谢旺盛。48 h时Lb呈巨大空泡样变性。肺组织SP-A含量明显高于对照组(24 h时ALI组为6.52±0.62,对照组为5.02±0.35, P< 0.01;48 h时ALI组为6.65±0.62,对照组为5.01±0.36,P< 0.01)。72 h时Lb破溃,数目明显减少,细胞核形态不规则,部分核边界不清,肺组织SP-A含量下降(ALI组为3.87±0.50,对照组为5.22±0.36,P<0.01)。结论: LPS致幼鼠ALI时AEC-Ⅱ和肺组织SP-A的变化为时间依赖性,随AEC-Ⅱ损伤程度的加重肺组织SP-A由代偿转为失代偿,可能是发生ARDS的重要机制之一。 相似文献
90.
通过探讨细化药品采购环节:包括建立和完善采购制度,优选药品配送企业,制定合理的采购时间、合理采购价格和合理的库存结构及库存水平。以便及时、准确地为临床用药提供安全、有效、经济的药品以及全方位保障药品供应。 相似文献