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31.
Hamisu M. Salihu Jason L. Salemi Anjali Aggarwal Beverly F. Steele Ross C. Pepper Mulubrhan F. Mogos Muktar H. Aliyu 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(1):64-71.e1
Background
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of pregnancy-associated deaths in the United States. The extent to which increasing opioid use among pregnant women contributes to fatal cardiovascular events is unknown. We examined trends in opioid use among pregnant women over the previous decade and the association between changes in temporal trends in opioid drug use and the incidence of acute cardiac events among mothers.Methods
In this retrospective analysis of the Healthcare and Cost Utilization Project, we used a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling of all inpatient hospital discharges from nonfederal hospitals from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2014. The study population comprised pregnant women aged 13-49 years and related hospitalizations, including delivery. The primary exposure of interest was opioid use during pregnancy. The primary outcome was the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest during pregnancy or childbirth.Results
Among the estimated 57.4 million pregnancy-related inpatient hospitalizations, 511,469 (approximately 1%) had documented use of opioids, cocaine, and/or amphetamines. There was a 300% increase in the use of opioids during pregnancy over the study period, whereas cocaine consumption significantly decreased and that of amphetamine remained stable. Over the 13-year period, the rise in opioid use paralleled a 50% increase in the incidence of acute cardiac events among mothers.Conclusion
Over the previous decade opioid use during pregnancy increased significantly, in parallel with the rise in the incidence of acute cardiac events in pregnancy and childbirth. An effective national policy is needed to address this emerging public health challenge. 相似文献32.
Nabukera SK Witte K Muchunguzi C Bajunirwe F Batwala VK Mulogo EM Farr C Barry S Salihu HM 《Journal of community health》2006,31(2):84-93
The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and barriers to use of postpartum care service among rural communities in Uganda. Study was a part of a larger reproductive health evaluation project, and was cross-sectional in nature utilizing qualitative research methods using the narrative inquiry. Two matched rural communities were used in this study; Semuto in Luwero district, and Lwamaggwa in Rakai district. Fifty key informants who were purposefully selected from each study site were interviewed. They included community leaders, political leaders, health care providers, women leaders and community members. One-on-one interviews were conducted with key community informants using an interview guide. The purpose of the interview was explained to each participant, and written informed consent was obtained before the start of the interview. Respondents were allowed to express their views, opinions and observations on several health issues including postpartum health care services. There was a low level of knowledge about postpartum care services among the respondents of the two communities. There was lack of awareness about postpartum care and it’s benefits. The main barriers to use of services were; misconceptions regarding the importance of postpartum care, distance to health facilities, poverty, and health system factors notably; poor facilities, lack of essential drugs, and poor attitudes of health workers. In the effort to improve reproductive health care services, there is an urgent need to improve postpartum services, and make them more accessible and user friendly. The training of providers at all levels is essential, in addition to educating families on the importance of postpartum care services.Sarah K. Nabukera is Senior Lecturer Community Health, (currently on study leave at the University of Alabama at Birmingham); Charles Muchunguzi, Lecturer Development Studies; Francis Bajunirwe; Vincent K. Batwala; and Edgar M. Mulogo, Lecturers Community Health, all at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. Souleymane Barry was Chief of Party DISH II Project, Kampala, Uganda.Kim Witte is Senior Program Evaluation Officer, Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Celeste Farr, Assistant Professor Department of Communications, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; and Hamisu M Salihu Associate Professor Maternal and Child Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.This project was funded by USAID # 617-A-00-00-00-0000-00. 相似文献
33.
Salihu HM Bekan B Aliyu MH Rouse DJ Kirby RS Alexander GR 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》2005,193(1):198-203
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the association among plurality (number of fetuses per pregnancy), abruptio placenta, and perinatal mortality. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study on 15,051,872 singletons, 413,619 twins, and 22,585 triplets delivered in the United States between 1995 and 1998 was conducted. We compared the occurrence of perinatal death between pregnancies complicated by abruptio placenta and those without with the use of adjusted odds ratios. The generalized estimating equations framework was applied to adjust for intracluster correlations among multiples. RESULTS: Placental abruption occurred among 93,968 singletons (6.2 per 1000), 5051 twin (12.2 per 1000), and 353 triplet (15.6 per 1000) gestations ( P for trend<.0001). Placental abruption was associated with significant risk of mortality irrespective of the plurality subtype. Perinatal mortality was greatest among singletons (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]=14.3[13.2-15.4]), followed by twins (4.4[3.9-4.9]) and least among triplets (3.0[2.0-4.6]) ( P for trend<.0001). CONCLUSION: As plurality increases from 1 to 3, the risk of placental abruption rises, whereas the risk of abruptio-associated perinatal mortality declines. 相似文献
34.
Salihu HM Garces IC Sharma PP Kristensen S Ananth CV Kirby RS 《Obstetrics and gynecology》2005,106(4):789-796
OBJECTIVE: We estimate the impact of increasing fetal number on fetal and infant mortality among Hispanic mothers. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study involving singletons, twins, and triplets delivered in the United States from 1995 through 2000, except for the analysis on infant mortality in singletons (1995 through 1999). Main outcome measures were stillbirth (> or = 20 weeks) and infant mortality (< 365 days). RESULTS: A total of 37,489,600 individual births were reviewed, consisting of 36,840,704 singletons, 613,930 twins, and 34,966 triplets. Hispanics accounted for 6,848,027 (18.6%) singletons, 85,887 (14.0%) individual twins, and 2,725 (7.8%) individual triplets. Among singletons, stillbirth (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.92) and infant mortality (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.84-0.86) were both lower in Hispanics than in whites. Among twins, Hispanics had a lower risk for infant mortality (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.97) but a comparable risk for stillbirth (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98-1.13). Although the risk for infant mortality in Hispanic triplets was comparable to that of whites (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.94-1.54), Hispanic triplets had a 50% higher likelihood of dying in utero (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06-2.14). CONCLUSION: Although Hispanic infants generally show better or comparable survival indices compared with whites, the risk for fetal and infant death in Hispanics increases in fetal number in a dose-dependent fashion, thereby obliterating the Hispanic advantage. The elevated risk for stillbirth among Hispanic triplets is particularly noteworthy and underscores the need for caution in making generalizations of favorable birth outcomes in Hispanics. 相似文献
35.
Aims
We used propensity scores matching techniques to assess the association between maternal cocaine abuse in pregnancy and the occurrence of placenta-associated syndromes (PAS).Study design
Mothers who abused cocaine (n = 5026) were matched to controls (n = 5026) from a sample of 1,693,197, unexposed mothers in Florida from 1998 to 2007. Cocaine abuse was identified using the ICD-9 principal and secondary diagnosis codes (304.2 for cocaine dependence and 305.6 for cocaine abuse). The outcome of interest, PAS, was identified as any indication in diagnosis field of ICD-9-CM codes for: placental abruption (641.2), oligohydramnios (658.0), placental infarction (656.7, 656.8, 656.9), gestational hypertension (642.3, 642.9), preeclampsia (642.4, 642.5, and 642.7) or eclampsia (642.6).Results
Nearly 6% of mothers in the study sample experienced a condition associated with PAS prior to matching. Women who abused cocaine were 58% more likely to have PAS when compared to women who did not (OR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.33, 1.66). Women who abused cocaine were at elevated odds for placental abruption, placenta infarction and preeclampsia with the most pronounced odds noted for placental abruption (OR = 2.79, 95% confidence interval: 2.19, 3.55).Conclusions
These findings indicate that cocaine abuse during pregnancy is associated with more placenta-related disorders than previously reported. 相似文献36.
37.
6‐Gingerol‐rich fraction from Zingiber officinale ameliorates carbendazim‐induced endocrine disruption and toxicity in testes and epididymis of rats 下载免费PDF全文
This study evaluated the protective effects of 6‐gingerol‐rich fraction (6‐GRF) from Zingiber officinale on carbendazim (CBZ)‐induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were treated with either CBZ (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 6‐GRF (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis revealed that 6‐GRF consists of ten bioactive chemical components with 6‐gingerol being the most abundant (30.76%). Administration of 6‐GRF significantly (p < .05) prevented CBZ‐mediated increase in absolute and relative testes weights as well as restored the sperm quantity and quality in the treated rats to near control. In testes and epididymis, 6‐GRF significantly abolished CBZ‐mediated increase in oxidative damage as well as augmented antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in the treated rats. Moreover, CBZ administration alone significantly decreased plasma levels of testosterone, thyrotropin, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, whereas follicle‐stimulating hormone was significantly elevated without affecting luteinising hormone and prolactin levels when compared with the control. Conversely, 6‐GRF ameliorated the disruption in the hormonal levels and restored their levels to near normalcy in CBZ‐treated rats. Collectively, 6‐GRF inhibited the adverse effects of CBZ on the antioxidant defence systems, hormonal balance and histology of the testes and epididymis in rats. 相似文献
38.
Brock A. Lindsey Nina B. Clovis E. Suzanne Smith Sydha Salihu David F. Hubbard 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2010,28(1):38-42
Infection is an everyday problem in orthopaedics and is quite common in open fracture management. To study this process and provide a basis to prevent infection, we developed a model that includes trauma (blunt fracture in the fashion of Bonnarens and Einhorn), surgical stabilization (standardized intramedullary K‐wire fixation), and infection (Staphylococcus aureus inoculum). In this two‐part study, we found that 102 colony‐forming units of inoculum produced an optimal infection rate of 90–100%, which substantially challenged the immune system without overwhelming sepsis. We hypothesized that, in traumatic fractures, there is a specific immunological response that may lead to an increased rate of infection. In Part 2, we demonstrated immunosuppression (decreased Interleukin‐12 levels) at days 6, 10, and 12 after fracture fixation versus nonfractured control groups (p < 0.05). This study describes a rat model of femur factures with osteomyelitis that allows investigation of posttraumatic immunosuppression. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:38–42, 2010 相似文献
39.
40.
A method for quantifying birthweight discordance in quadruplets and potential use in predicting early mortality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Salihu HM Bagchi S Kristensen S Sharma PP Grimes-Dennis J Ayers C 《American journal of perinatology》2006,23(4):223-228
We describe an approach to quantify birthweight discordance in quadruplets and assessed its potential use in predicting infant mortality. Retrospective cohort study on quadruplets delivered in the United States from 1995 through 2000 inclusive. The main outcome measures were infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality. A total of 2692 quadruplet live births (673 complete clusters) with complete information on gestational age, birthweight, and survival within the first year. Of the total 673 quadruplet clusters, discordance occurred in 180 sets (26.7%). The predominant discordant type was a single discordant individual within a cluster (177 sets or 99.8%), whereas only three sets (0.2%) recorded up to two discordant quadruplets within a cluster. The period of pronounced risk for the occurrence of birthweight discordance was between 28 and 35 gestational weeks. Discordant individuals exhibited elevated risk for infant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 3.0), neonatal (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.6), and postneonatal (aOR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.4) mortality. After adjusting for small for gestational age, the risk for postneonatal mortality among discordant infants quadrupled (aOR = 4.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 10.8). The population-attributable risks were 18, 20, and 46% for neonatal, infant, and postneonatal mortality, respectively. The new method is predictive of mortality at all stages of infancy. Discordance accounts for 18 to 46% of all quadruplet deaths during infancy in the United States. 相似文献