贫血患者腹腔镜手术中脑氧饱和度与神经损伤标志物的变化

背景 脑对缺氧性损伤敏感,贫血可引起患者术中脑氧浓度下降,但目前鲜有研究探讨贫血对围术期中枢神经的影响.目的 探讨不同程度贫血患者腹腔镜手术中脑氧饱和度和神经损伤标志物的变化.方法 选取2018年10月-2019年10月拟择期行腹腔镜手术的132例患者,根据术前血红蛋白浓度(hemoglobin,Hb)分为3组:正常组58例(N组,Hb>120 g/L),轻度贫血组45例(A组,90～120 g/L),中度贫血组29例(B组,60～90 g/L).记录各组患者在手术开始(T1)、改变体位(T2)、改变体位后40 min(T3)以及人工气腹结束(T4)时的平均动脉压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2)以及呼气末二氧化碳分压(etCO2),并计算各时间段的脑氧饱和度(rSO2)平均值和术中脑氧合不良发生率.比较各组患者术前术后血清中枢神经特异性蛋白(S-100β)浓度变化及术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的发生率.结果 三组患者性别、年龄、术前血清S-100β浓度、术前蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)评分无统计学差异(P>0.05).与N组比较,A组在各时间点的rSO2、术中脑氧合不良发生率和苏醒时间无统计学差异,B组在T0(70.7％±6.3％vs 63.6％±8.5％,P<0.01)和T3-4(81.2％±7.5％vs 71.6％±17.8％,P<0.01)时的rSO2降低,术中脑氧合不良发生率(10.4％vs 34.5％,P=0.02)升高,苏醒时间(min)(14.0±4.7vs 17.4±4.9,P=0.01)延长.与N组比较,B组术后MoCA评分[Md(IQR)][28(27,29)vs 27(24,28),P=0.03]降低,血清S-100β浓度(μg/L)(0.48±0.17vs 1.08±0.37,P=0.00)和POCD发生率(17.2％vs 44.8％,P=0.02)升高.结论 中度贫血患者在腹腔镜手术中更容易出现脑氧饱和度下降和中枢神经损伤,POCD发生率更高.     

三维真实重建反转恢复磁共振成像在梅尼埃病内耳淋巴造影中的诊断价值

目的对比分析钆喷酸葡胺(Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acids,Gd-DTPA)增强的三维液体衰减反转恢复(three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversionrecovery,3D FLAIR)与三维真实重建反转恢复(three-dimensional real inversionrecovery,3D real IR)磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)在梅尼埃病内耳内淋巴积水中的诊断价值。材料与方法回顾性分析29例梅尼埃病患者,男10例,女19例,年龄22~71岁,12例为双侧耳发病,17例为单侧耳发病,共患侧耳41只。29例患者均经咽鼓管向中耳鼓室内注入Gd-DTPA稀释液,24 h后行3D FLAIR序列及3D realIR序列MRI内耳造影,在两种序列图像上分别定量测量前庭最大切面及穿过窝轴的耳蜗底旋短轴切面的内淋巴间隙与总淋巴间隙面积比值R(前庭为RV,耳蜗为RC)及定性评估相应内淋巴积水分级G (前庭为GV,耳蜗为GC),比较两组扫描序列图像所测得的RV、RC、GV及GC的差异。结果 29例梅尼埃病患者41只患侧耳中,3D FLAIR与3D real IR两种序列所测得的RV、RC、GC及GV均具有统计学差异性(PRV=0.000,PRC=0.000,PGV=0.000,PGC=0.001),3D real IR序列测得的RV及RC值大于3D FLAIR序列测得值,GV及GC达1~2级(即发现内淋巴积水)患耳数量大于3D FLAIR序列。结论相比于3D FLAIR序列,3D real IR序列内耳造影对于梅尼埃病患者内耳内淋巴积水的检测更敏感,检出率更高。     

Sevoflurane postconditioning provides neuroprotection against brain hypoxia–ischemia in neonatal rats

Application of volatile anesthetics after brain ischemia provides neuroprotection in adult animals (anesthetic postconditioning). We tested whether postconditioning with sevoflurane, the most commonly used general anesthetic in pediatric anesthesia, reduced neonatal brain injury in rats. Seven-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to brain hypoxia–ischemia (HI). They were postconditioned with sevoflurane in the presence or absence of 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, a mitochondrial K_ATP channel inhibitor. Sevoflurane postconditioning dose-dependently reduced brain tissue loss observed 7 days after brain HI. This effect was induced by clinically relevant concentrations and abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid. These results suggest that sevoflurane postconditioning protects neonatal brain against brain HI via mitochondrial K_ATP channels.     

主流式CO2浓度检测模块研制

介绍了一种主流式的CO2浓度检测模块的研制。该模块采用非分光红外方法（Non-Dispersive Infra-Red，NDIR）实现信号的提取，结构为主流式的一体化检测室设计，利用多种补偿算法提高检测精度，可实现呼吸CO2浓度，呼吸率等参数的连续检测。     

儿童肱骨外髁骨折的治疗体会

目的总结儿童肱骨外髁骨折的治疗效果。方法 35例JakobⅠ~Ⅲ度儿童肱骨外髁骨折患儿中,8例(Ⅰ度)采用石膏托外固定治疗,27例(Ⅰ度8例、Ⅱ度11例、Ⅲ度8例)采用切开复位克氏针内固定治疗。结果手术治疗的27例获11个月~5年随访,骨折均骨性愈合;根据Hardacre评分:优17例,良8例,差2例,优良率为25/27。非手术治疗的8例获11个月~2年随访,骨折均骨性愈合;根据Hardacre评分:优6例,良2例,优良率为8/8。结论儿童肱骨外髁骨折手术或非手术治疗均可获得较满意效果。如行非手术治疗,必须严密观察,一旦发现骨折移位应早期手术治疗。     

The measurement of serum cholinesterase activities by an integration strategy with expanded linear ranges and negligible substrate-activation

Objectives

To measure serum cholinesterase (SCHE) with an integration strategy.

Design and methods

At 54.0 μmol/L butyrylthiolcholine, SCHE initial rates were calculated with 50.0 μmol/L butyrylthiolcholine and maximal rates via an improved integrated method if substrate consumptions within 5.0 min were over 60%, or were determined by the classical initial rate method.

Results

The linear range was from 16 to 1560 nkat/L, and SCHE in clinic sera showed negligible substrate-activation.

Conclusion

This strategy was effective.     

Multiaxial high-modularity spinopelvis (HMSP) fixation device in neuromuscular scoliosis: a comparative study

Purpose

To compare radiological and clinical results in patients operated for neuromuscular scoliosis with pelvic fixation using high-modularity spinopelvic screw (HMSP) designed by authors.

Methods

Of 54 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis, group 1 comprised of 27 patients with conventional pelvic fixation; and group 2 comprised of 27 patients using HMSP. Results were evaluated radiologically and functionally. We compared preoperative and postoperative complications, especially the loosening or breakage of spinopelvis fixation device, failure of fixation, and the change of shadow around the spinopelvis fixation device.

Results

There was no difference of correctional power, preoperative average Cobb’s angle of each group was 79.8 and 75 to postoperative 30.2 and 28.3 (P < 0.05). Pelvic obliquity improved from average 18.3°–8.9° in group I and average 24.3°–12.5° in group II (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Average blood loss was 2,698 ml in group 1 and 2,414.8 ml in group 2 (P > 0.05). Average operative time was 360 min in group 1 and 332 min in group 2 (P = 0.30). There was no difference found between two groups regarding gait and functional evaluation. On the all cases of group 1 and 2, the change of shadow around the spinopelvis fixation device was observed. There was one case of the fracture of spinopelvis fixation device in group I.

Conclusion

There was no difference of Cobb’s angle and correctional power between the groups using HMSP when compared with the group using standard spinopelvis fixation device. Therefore, HMSP can be used more effectively in case of neuromuscular scoliosis.     

长春瑞滨化疗性静脉炎动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立长春瑞滨化疗性静脉炎动物模型适宜的给药浓度,为化疗性静脉炎的发生机制研究提供实验基础。方法选择实验用健康家兔28只,采用随机数字表法分为四组各7只。均于一侧耳缘静脉注药建模。第1组注射生理盐水10mL作为阴性对照,其余3组将长春瑞滨用10mL生理盐水溶解,分别按12.5mg/m2、25mg/m2和50mg/m2剂量注射。结果长春瑞滨组静脉炎症反应出现于注射后24h,48h左右表现最显著,约于1周恢复。25mg/m2组、50mg/m2组注射后48h有典型的静脉炎病理变化,50mg/m2组4只家兔分别于药物注射后第7～10天死亡,25mg/m2组家兔无死亡。结论参照人体用量采用长春瑞滨25mg/m2于家兔耳缘静脉化疗,能较好建立化疗性静脉炎动物模型。     

中药浴联合穴位按摩佐治小儿发热效果观察

目的观察中药浴联合穴位按摩辅助治疗小儿外感发热的临床效果。方法将174例急性上呼吸道感染致发热患儿随机分为对照组(88例)和观察组(86例),对照组在常规治疗的基础上,给予温水洗浴;观察组采用中药洗浴联合穴位按摩。结果两组患儿洗浴前后体温、解热时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论两种辅助治疗小儿发热的方法均有效,中药药浴联合穴位按摩治疗的临床效果优于温水洗浴。     

Surveying quality of life in patients with Fabry disease by the SF-36 scale

Objective To test the availability of the SF-36 scale for the Chinese patient with Fabry disease (FD), the quality of life(QOL) and its probable influence factors were analyzed. Methods The data were obtained from 50 healthy volunteers and 57 patients with FD enrolled in nephrology department of Ruijin hospital from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2013. The SF-36 scale was used to evaluate the QOL of patients and to compare the difference between the patientsandcontrols. Furthermore, the influencing factors were estimated by multiple linear regressions. Results Between the patientsandcontrols, the differences of 8 dimensionalitiy's scores had statistical significance, which claimed that the reaction was sensitive. Especially, in the patient group, the Pearson correlation coefficient among each domain of the SF-36 was lower than its Cronbach's α coefficient (0.934), which indicated good internal consistency reliability. The two common factors were much the same to the theory assume, which illustrated the construct validity was available. Even the acceptability of the patient’ group at 100% proved the scale was appropriate for patients with FD. In addition, in role-physical (RP) and bodily pain (BP) , the scores of the male patients were less than the females (P﹤0.01), declared that the QOL of the males was inferior to the females. In the physical function (PF) and the mental health (MH), the scores of the patients with angiokeratoma were less than the group without it, so the patients who had evident clinical symptoms more likely contributed to depression. Using multiple linear regression, age, gender and clinical types were chosen into regression equation by stepwise regression, and the main potential predictor was age. Conclusions The SF-36 scale applies to evaluate the QOL of patients with FD. It is critical to concern and manage the QOL of FD patients, especially in their mental health aspect.