外旋外展推顶法治疗肩关节前脱位

目的：探讨外旋外展推顶法治疗肩关节前脱住可行性及疗效。方法：自1995年1月～2009年12月,采用外旋外展推顶法治疗肩关节前脱住500例,治疗后根据恢复症状及并发症,分析治疗方法的可行性及疗效。结果：所有患者均获得随访,时间为6个～1年;500例治愈432例。好转68例,无效O例。结论：外旋外展推项法治疗肩关节前脱住是一种可行的方法,较其他方法有更大的优点。     

中国健康志愿者单剂静滴甲磺酸加替沙星注射液的药代动力学

目的:研究中国健康成年男性志愿者单剂静滴甲磺酸加替沙星注射液的药代动力学。方法:按药物临床试验管理规范(GCP)指导原则设计试验方案。选择9名受试者分别依次单刘静滴100,200和400mg的甲磺酸加替沙星注射液后,应用HPLC测定血药浓度,采用3P97软件进行数据处理,求出药代动力学参数。结果:受试者分别给药后,药-时曲线符合二房室模型,主要药代动力学参数C_(max)分别为1.10±0.19,2.17±0.33和3.16±0.47mg·L~(-1);t_(1/2)β分别为7.42±1.99,8.41±2.72和8.46±2.83h;AUC_(0-∞)分别为4.45 ±0.71,11.10±1.81和23.03±3.83mg h·L~(-1)。原形药主要经肾排泄,48h尿药累积排泄率分别为(43.08±15.79)％,(51.33±23.69)%和(45.67±18.22)％。结论:9名静滴甲磺酸加替沙星注射液后,药-时曲线符合二房室模型。提示甲磺酸加替沙星在100～400mg剂量内药物体内过程基本呈线性动力学特征而无饱和性,主要排泄途径为肾脏。     

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy remains a major cause of loss of vision. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) has implicated hyperglycaemia as a probable major direct causative factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. There are several plausible mechanisms by which high glucose concentrations could lead to the functional and later structural changes characterising diabetic retinopathy. These include increased activity of the aldose reductase pathway, increase de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol from glucose, causing protein kinase C activation, increased non-enzymatic glycation and increased oxidative damage. The demonstration of the potential roles of these pathways and the subsequent effects of growth factors in enhancing angiogenesis provide potential new approaches to the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.     

Air pollution exposure estimation using dispersion modelling and continuous monitoring data in a prospective birth cohort study in the Netherlands

Background

High temperature and humidity conditions are associated with short-term elevations in the mortality rate in many United States cities. Previous research has quantified this relationship in an aggregate manner over large metropolitan areas, but within these areas the response may differ based on local-scale variability in climate, population characteristics, and socio-economic factors.

Methods

We compared the mortality response for 48 Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) comprising Philadelphia County, PA to determine if certain areas are associated with elevated risk during high heat stress conditions. A randomization test was used to identify mortality exceedances for various apparent temperature thresholds at both the city and local scale. We then sought to identify the environmental, demographic, and social factors associated with high-risk areas via principal components regression.

Results

Citywide mortality increases by 9.3% on days following those with apparent temperatures over 34°C observed at 7:00 p.m. local time. During these conditions, elevated mortality rates were found for 10 of the 48 ZCTAs concentrated in the west-central portion of the County. Factors related to high heat mortality risk included proximity to locally high surface temperatures, low socioeconomic status, high density residential zoning, and age.

Conclusions

Within the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area, there exists statistically significant fine-scale spatial variability in the mortality response to high apparent temperatures. Future heat warning systems and mitigation and intervention measures could target these high risk areas to reduce the burden of extreme weather on summertime morbidity and mortality.     

Mammography using an ultrahigh-strip-density, stationary, focused grid

A 1-mm-thick, stationary, ultrahigh-strip-density, focused grid was evaluated with respect to patient radiation dose and mammographic image quality as it affected the resolution of microcalcifications and masses. Radiographic technique was varied to determine the most useful alteration to improve image quality with the grid. Results from 89 patients demonstrated that no improvement in diagnostic ability was found in women with fatty breasts. As breast density increased, the advantage of the grid technique became more apparent. Grid mammography also often solved the problem of questionable microcalcifications with improved visualization of their number and geometry.     

垂全催乳素瘤的诊断和治疗指南

3.男性:高催乳素血症通常导致阳痿、不孕和性功能低下.男性患者通常为大腺瘤,有神经系统症状.其原因可能是对症状认识的延误或者肿瘤生物学行为的差异.     

Interaction of platelet factor four with cultured vascular endothelial cells

Platelets secrete a low-molecular-weight protein, platelet factor four (PF-4), which binds to and neutralizes heparin and related sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To examine the interactions of PF-4 with the GAGs present on endothelial cell surfaces, we incubated 125I-PF-4 with cell suspensions derived from confluent monolayers of cultured bovine aortic endothelium. Binding of 125I-PF-4 was inhibited by a 100-fold excess of nonradioactive PF-4 and varied with duration and temperature of incubation. At 4 degrees C, binding reached equilibrium at 20 minutes with kd = 2.87 mumol/L and Bmax of 63.83 pmol/10(5) cells. Binding capacity was reduced 83.4% by brief incubation of endothelial cells with trypsin and 46.67% by incubation with Flavobacterium heparinase, but was unchanged by chondroitin-ABCase treatment. At 37 degrees C, PF-4 was internalized by confluent monolayer of bovine aortic endothelial cells primarily through low-affinity adsorptive endocytosis. The internalized PF-4 was degraded to amino acids and small peptides with 50% conversion after 18-hour incubation. These studies demonstrate that a secreted platelet protein can bind to and enter endothelial cells. Binding may explain the rapid clearance of released PF-4 from plasma and could have important local effects on endothelial structure and function.