恶性肿瘤患者血清与尿液中一氧化氮含量测定

0 引言一氧化氮（Nitric oxide,NO）是一种具有活跃生物化学性质的无机小分子. NO对许多肿瘤细胞和微生物有细胞毒性［1］,为探讨NO与肿瘤的关系,我们检测了119例恶性肿瘤患者血清及尿液中的NO.     

2009年成都市水性疾病及哨点监测结果分析

目的了解成都市介水传染病流行状况和特征,做好水性疾病预警,同时掌握其分布规律和流行趋势,探讨水性疾病的控制策略。方法收集成都市2009年经水传播的肠道传染病及哨点医院症状监测结果,数据用χ^2检验进行统计学分析。结果成都市水性疾病构成主要以其他感染性腹泻和细菌性痢疾为主,两者占总发病数的93.01%,除1～3月发病率较低外,其他月份发病率均较高,但无统计学差异（5～12月发病率P〉0.05）;发病人群以5岁以下散居儿童为主,哨点医院进行症状监测年发生率与成都市水性疾病年发生率相比无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 5岁以下散居儿童为水性疾病的高危人群,水性疾病的控制可以其他感染性腹泻和细菌性痢疾为主进行相关性研究,而选择合适的医院门诊作为监测水性疾病的哨点,是一种切实可行的监测模式。     

Central pontine myelinolysis and its imitators: MR findings

The clinical, radiologic, and neuropathologic findings in 13 patients with central pontine myelinolysis were reviewed. Antemortem computed tomography (CT) had been performed in nine, and ante- or postmortem magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 11. Chronic alcoholism or rapid correction of hyponatremia was present in over 75% of cases. One CT scan was positive, but only on retrospective review. In all but one patient, MR imaging eventually revealed an abnormality within the pons; in two patients the initial study was normal. The lesions varied in shape, with peripheral involvement in two patients and extrapontine involvement in four. The abnormality was smaller at 6-month follow-up in one patient and unchanged at 1 year in another. One patient never had a demonstrable pontine lesion but did have symmetric basal ganglia abnormalities, which were consistent with extrapontine myelinolysis. MR imaging disclosed similar central pontine alterations resulting from infarct, metastasis, glioma, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, and radiation or chemotherapy; thus, such changes are not unique.     

基于反向滤波器的倒谱法估计平均骨小梁间距

目的 探讨用改进的倒谱方法估计平均骨小梁间距(mean trabecular bone spacing,MTBS)的可行性.方法 提出了一种基于反向滤波器的改进的倒谱分析方法用于估计MTBS,并将该方法应用于仿真及离体牛胫骨松质骨中的实验信号.结果 改进的倒谱方法能有效减少超声换能器脉冲响应和组织散射特性对倒谱的干扰,而且实现简单,计算量小.结论 相比于传统的倒谱方法,改进的倒谱方法在估计MTBS时, 对弥散散射和噪声有更强的鲁棒性,因此估计MTBS的精度更高.     

Primary Ewing sarcoma: follow-up with Ga-67 scintigraphy

While avid accumulation of gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) occurs initially in most cases of primary Ewing sarcoma, uptake after therapy is less well defined. Thirty patients with Ewing sarcoma who underwent Ga-67 and bone scintigraphy at diagnosis, at completion of therapy, and at relapse from 1978 to 1988 were evaluated. All 30 patients showed less primary site Ga-67 activity following therapy. Twenty-three of 28 patients who underwent corresponding bone scintigraphy showed less uptake, but residual activity was usually more intense than with Ga-67. Avid reaccumulation of Ga-67 occurred in four of five patients with primary site relapse, while patients who underwent bone scintigraphy showed less change. It was concluded that a greater decrease in Ga-67 than in Tc-99m MDP uptake often occurs in patients successfully treated for primary Ewing sarcoma. Information obtained at Ga-67 scintigraphy is most likely to be helpful if results of bone scintigraphy remain abnormal or if occult relapse is suspected.     

Growth of asthmatic children is slower during than before treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids

Reports on the influence of inhaled glucocorticoids on growth have been controversial. We studied the growth of prepubertal asthmatic children prior to and during glucocorticoid therapy. We collected retrospectively the notes of 201 asthmatic children aged 1–11 years receiving inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide. We calculated their height and height velocity standard deviation scores (HSDS and HVSDS, respectively) before the treatment and up to 5 years during the treatment and compared those with the growth of healthy peers. The dose of the medication was calculated and the severity of asthma was assessed. The asthmatic children grew similarly to their healthy peers before treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids: the mean HSDS was +0.02 and the mean HVSDS +0.01 for boys and -0.16 and +0.13 for girls, respectively. Growth retardation took place soon after the start of the treatment, the most profound decrease in the growth velocity (the change in the mean HVSDS from +0.05 to -0.88) occurring during the first year of treatment. The growth-retarding effect of inhaled glucocorticoids was not dose dependent. In the covariance analysis the increasing severity of asthma had a significant interaction with repeated measurements, showing more growth retardation along with more severe asthma, especially during long-term treatment. Asthma per se does not impair growth, but inhaled glucocorticoids may do so. Careful monitoring of the growth of all asthmatic children receiving inhaled glucocorticoids is necessary because the growth-retarding effect of the medication is not dose dependent. Individual sensitivity might explain the differences seen in the growth patterns of children receiving inhaled glucocorticoids.     

Pharmacologically Active Levels of PGE-, in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease

ABSTRACT. In general, prostanoids act as local mediators, not as circulating hormones. A specific exception to this rule is the infusion of prostaglandin E₁ in patients with ductus arteriosus-depend-ent pulmonary or systemic blood flow associated with congenital heart disease. We therefore measured prostaglandin E, plasma levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry during effective infusion of prostaglandin E₁ in 10 neonates. Prostaglandin E₁ plasma levels ranged from 22 to 530 (median 56) pg/ml in these patients. Since prostaglandin E₁ is not synthesized endogenously to any significant extent, these plasma concentrations constitute genuine circulating levels not confounded by the common problem of e vivo artifacts. If endogenous prostanoids (e.g. prostaglandin E₂) are suspected as circulating mediators, plasma levels detected by reliable methods ought to be in the same range as prostaglandin E₁ plasma levels in the present investigation.