Excitatory Acoustic Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat are Increased by GABAB Receptor Blockade

This study sought to investigate the influence of GABA_B receptor activation on acoustically induced excitation within the rat inferior colliculus. To this end, the GABA_B receptor antagonist, CGP 35348, was applied systemically and iontophoretically. Single and multibarrel electrodes were used for extracellular recordings within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The experimental model, a paired-pulse stimulus paradigm, applied two identical acoustic stimuli, 200 msec apart, evoking corresponding responses characterized by the second being consistently weaker than the first. Abolishment of the acoustically evoked response, following iontophoretic application of the GABA_B receptor agonist, L-baclofen, verified the existence of GABA_B receptors in all inferior colliculus cells tested. Intravenous application of CGP 35348 (200 mg/kg) evoked a 24% overall increase in stimulus responses. Likewise, a 13% increase in total evoked excitation was observed, following iontophoretic application. There was no significant reduction of inhibition on the second evoked response in the paired-pulse model, following either systemic or iontophoretic application of CGP 35348. This result implies that the decreased magnitude of the second response, with an interpulse interval of 200 msec, is not influenced by GABA_B receptor mediated inhibition. These findings do indicate, however, that GABA_B receptors play a small, but significant role during the processing of acoustic information, within the inferior colliculus. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.     

经尿道绿激光汽化联合电切割治疗前列腺增生的应用与创伤评价

目的:应用定量指标白细胞介素6和C-反应蛋白评估经尿道绿激光联合电切割手术对机体的创伤程度,进而评价其治疗老年前列腺增生的可行性。方法:选择2005-06/2006-04在解放军第四军医大学西京医院住院的良性前列腺增生患者98例(年龄>60岁),分别行开放性手术(28例)、经尿道绿激光汽化合并电切割术(PVP TURP组,33例)和经尿道绿激光汽化术(PVP组,37例)。绿激光汽化采用美国Laserscope公司生产的非接触式绿激光治疗系统,额定输出汽化功率为80W,电凝功率为30W。用酶联免症吸附法测定3组患者手术前2h,术后24,48h血清中白细胞介素6和C-反应蛋白水平。结果:98例患者全部进入结果分析。①血清白细胞介素6水平:术前2h3组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),术后24和48h均明显高于术前(P<0.05);术后24,48h开放性手术组高于PVP组和PVP TURP组[24h:(5.97±1.35),(1.81±1.64),(2.44±1.45)μg/L,P<0.05;48h:(1.63±0.86),(0.77±0.51),(0.80±1.46),P<0.05]。②血清C-反应蛋白水平:术前2h3组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),术后24和48h均明显高于术前(P<0.05);术后24,48h开放性手术组高于PVP组和PVP TURP组[24h:(62.38±13.65),(10.03±4.05),(28.57±9.8)mg/L,P<0.05;48h:(118.85±20.82),(38.86±8.35),(69.44±13.66),P<0.05];PVP TURP组高于PVP组(P<0.05)。结论:在这3种术式中,开放性手术对机体的创伤最大,机体急性时相反应最显著,经尿道绿激光汽化术合并电切割术对机体创伤较轻,可用于治疗老年前列腺增生症。     

Aggressive polyfibromatosis: A 10 year follow-up

Polyfibromatosis syndrome is a condition characterized by the occurrence of several cutaneous fibrotic conditions including Dupuytren's contracture and keloid formation. A 10 year follow-up of a patient with an aggressive type of polyfibromatosis associated with erosive arthropathy is presented. The underlying pathogenesis and management of this uncommon condition is discussed.     

Doctor–patient concordance during HIV treatment switching decision‐making

Objectives

The aim of the study was to explore levels of doctor–patient concordance during the making of decisions regarding HIV treatment switching and stopping in relation to patient health‐related outcomes.

Methods

Adult patients attending five HIV clinics in the United Kingdom were requested to complete the study questionnaire, which included a Concordance Scale, and measures of symptoms [Memorial Symptom Assessment Short Form (MSAS) index], quality of life (EuroQol), satisfaction, adherence and sexual risk behaviour. Clinical health measures (HIV viral load and CD4 cell count) were also obtained. A total of 779 patients completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 86%; of these 779 patients, 430 had switched or stopped their HIV treatment and were thus eligible for inclusion. Of these patients, 217 (50.5%) fully completed the Concordance Scale.

Results

Concordance levels were high (88% scored between 30 and 40 on the scale; score range 10–40). Higher concordance was related to several patient outcomes, including: better quality of life (P=0.003), less severe and burdensome symptom experience (lower MSAS‐physical score, P=0.001; lower MSAS‐psychological score, P=0.008; lower MSAS‐global distress index score, P=0.011; fewer symptoms reported, P=0.007), higher CD4 cell count (at baseline, P=0.019, and 6–12 months later, P=0.043) and greater adherence (P=0.029).

Conclusions

High levels of doctor–patient concordance in HIV treatment decision‐making are associated with greater adherence and better physical and psychological functioning. More research is needed to establish a causal relationship between concordance and these outcomes.     

肠道通透性试验及其临床意义

肠道对大分子物质的通透性试验是评估肠道粘膜屏障功能的方法之一.肠粘膜通透性是指某一特定物质在肠粘膜表面通过非易化扩散方式渗透的能力.肠道对大分子物质的通透性增加,意味着肠道结构有变化,肠道内的细菌或毒素有可能通过肠道屏障进入血循环,引起败血症或毒血症.自从20世纪70年代引入非代谢性寡糖类物质作为肠道通透性试验的示踪物以来,检测肠道粘膜屏障功能的肠道通透性试验已广泛应用于临床[1].     

精胺对精子获能和受精的影响

精胺广泛存在于动物组织和体液中,它在生殖过程中的作用还存在着很大的争议,作者综述了这些研究成果,并对其今后的发展动态作了展望．