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排序方式: 共有267条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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Nuria Lacuey Bilal Zonjy Johnson P. Hampson M. R. Sandhya Rani Anita Zaremba Rup K. Sainju Brian K. Gehlbach Stephan Schuele Daniel Friedman Orrin Devinsky Maromi Nei Ronald M. Harper Luke Allen Beate Diehl John J. Millichap Lisa Bateman Mark A. Granner Deidre N. Dragon George B. Richerson Samden D. Lhatoo 《Epilepsia》2018,59(3):573-582
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The integrity of the serotonin (5-HT) system is essential to normal respiratory and thermoregulatory control. Male and female transgenic mice lacking central 5-HT neurons (Lmx1b(f/f/p) mice) show a 50% reduction in the hypercapnic ventilatory response and insufficient heat generation when cooled (Hodges and Richerson, 2008a; Hodges et al., 2008b). Lmx1b(f/f/p) mice also show reduced body temperatures (T(body)) and O(2) consumption [Formula: see text] , and breathe less at rest and during hypoxia and hypercapnia when measured below thermoneutrality (24 °C), suggesting a role for 5-HT neurons in integrating ventilatory, thermal and metabolic control. Here, the hypothesis that Pet-1 null mice, which retain 30% of central 5-HT neurons, will demonstrate similar deficits in temperature and ventilatory control was tested. Pet-1 null mice had fewer medullary tryptophan hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TPH(+)) neurons compared to wild type (WT) mice, particularly in the midline raphé. Female (but not male) Pet-1 null mice had lower baseline ventilation (V(E)), breathing frequency (f), [Formula: see text] and T(body) relative to female WT mice (P < 0.05). In addition, V(E) and [Formula: see text] were decreased in male and female Pet-1 null mice during hypoxia and hypercapnia (P < 0.05), but only male Pet-1 null mice showed a significant deficit in the hypercapnic ventilatory response when expressed as % of control (P < 0.05). Finally, male and female Pet-1 null mice showed significant decreases in T(body) when externally cooled to 4 °C. These data demonstrate that a moderate loss of 5-HT neurons leads to a modest attenuation of mechanisms defending body temperature, and that there are gender differences in the contributions of 5-HT neurons to ventilatory and thermoregulatory control. 相似文献
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GT Terézhalmy AR Biesbrock PA Walters JM Grender RD Bartizek 《International journal of dental hygiene》2008,6(4):321-327
Abstract: Aim: To compare plaque removal efficacy of Oral‐B CrossAction (CA) used for 1 min with an American Dental Association (ADA) manual toothbrush used for 2 or 5 min in an examiner‐blind, three‐treatment, six‐period crossover study. Materials and methods: After refraining from all oral hygiene procedures for 23–25 h, subjects were randomly assigned to one of nine possible six‐period (visit) treatment sequences. Plaque was assessed at baseline (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index). Post‐brushing scores were recorded after brushing with a marketed dentifrice and the assigned toothbrush for the specified duration. The same procedure was followed at each of six subsequent visits. Clinical measurements were carried out by the same examiner. Results: Forty subjects completed the study. All three treatments effectively removed plaque from the whole mouth, along the gingival margin and from approximal surfaces. Whole mouth and gingival margin plaque removal scores with CA for 1 min did not differ significantly from scores with the ADA toothbrush used for 2 min. The ADA brush used for 5 min showed significantly greater whole mouth (P < 0.001) and gingival margin (P < 0.001) plaque reduction than the two other treatments. Approximal plaque removal scores did not differ between the three treatments. Conclusions: Efficient plaque removal can be achieved after 1 min of brushing with CA. The amount of plaque removed did not differ significantly from that achieved with the ADA brush after 2 min of brushing. Greater whole mouth and gingival margin plaque removal scores were seen with the ADA brush after 5 min. 相似文献
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Obstruction of the small intestine: accuracy and role of CT in diagnosis 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Maglinte DD; Gage SN; Harmon BH; Kelvin FM; Hage JP; Chua GT; Ng AC; Graffis RF; Chernish SM 《Radiology》1993,188(1):61
59.
H B Richerson P A Adams Y Iwai C F Barfknecht 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》1990,2(2):171-181
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is the minimal adjuvant-active structure of mycobacterial cell walls and is known to activate monocytes/macrophages, but mechanisms involved with uptake and activation of these cells have not been completely defined. Earlier studies addressing uptake of MDP and the question of receptors have utilized radioligands and murine peritoneal macrophages. We used fluorescent congeners of MDP and flow cytometry to explore kinetics and specificity of uptake by bronchoalveolar cells of normal rabbits. Both washed cells and cell suspensions from which the fluorescent congeners were not washed were used, and incubation was carried out primarily at 4 degrees C. Fluorescence microscopy consistently revealed intracellular but no visible membrane fluorescence of alveolar macrophages. Uptake was dose dependent but was not saturable up to concentration limits of fluoresceinated muramyl tripeptide (MTP-FITC) imposed by the system, and was partially inhibited by excess unlabeled MDP, consistent with specific inhibition. Alveolar macrophages, but not lymphocytes, demonstrated specific uptake at 4 degrees C, with rapid on- and off-times. Uptake was enhanced 7-fold at 37 degrees C. Uptake was greater by larger, more granular macrophages than by smaller, less granular macrophages, but no difference in uptake was found when cells of similar size but different densities were compared. The exact mechanism of the rapid uptake at 4 degrees C is uncertain but appears to be competed for by unlabeled MDP. 相似文献
60.
Cerebral venous angiomas: MR imaging 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3