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991.
Edward D. Huntley Leslie M. Swanson Giselle E. Kolenic Holli Bertram Ann Mooney Richard Dopp 《Behavioral sleep medicine》2021,19(1):1-11
ABSTRACT Background: In the context of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of augmenting fluoxetine treatment in young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) using a modified repeated partial sleep deprivation protocol contrasting 2 weeks of restricted time in bed (i.e., 6 h TIB) to no time in bed restriction (i.e., 8 h TIB) the study examines whether sleep duration and the timing of repeated partial sleep deprivation predicts patient-reported affect ratings. Participants: Participants included 58 young adults with DSM-IV-diagnosed MDD. Methods: Daily ratings of affect and sleep were collected during the first 2 weeks of initiating fluoxetine treatment, yielding 630 person-days. Actigraphy monitoring was employed to assess compliance with time in bed condition. Results: Negative affect ratings and positivity ratios in the morning were more improved among participants assigned to the 6 h TIB condition compared to the 8 h TIB group. Participants whose bedtime was delayed by 2-h nightly demonstrated the most significant improvement in negative affect and positivity ratio during the first 2 weeks of fluoxetine therapy. Moreover, the trajectory of morning negative affect ratings in the first 2 weeks was predictive of remission after 4 weeks of fluoxetine therapy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that monitoring changes in daily affect may be a valuable marker of early treatment response in young adults with MDD. 相似文献
992.
Craig C. Reed Edward G.A. Iglesia Scott P. Commins Evan S. Dellon 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(3):296-301
Background
Disease activity may correlate with environmental aeroallergen exposure in eosinophilic esophagitis. The association between seasons and flares of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) histologic activity has not been extensively studied.Objective
We aimed to assess the frequency of seasonal exacerbations of eosinophilic esophagitis, as well as changes in symptom reporting, endoscopic findings, and histologic findings attributed to aeroallergens in an EoE cohort.Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed EoE patients in histologic remission (<15 eosinophil/high-power field) but who doubled the esophageal eosinophil count between seasons without change in eosinophilic esophagitis–specific therapy. Outcomes were: symptomatic global worsening (yes/no); change in endoscopic severity (EREFS scoring system); and histologic change (peak eosinophil count).Results
Of 782 patients, 13 (4%) met inclusion criteria (mean age: 36.2; 85% male; 86% white; 85% atopic disease diagnosis), and 14 exacerbations were recorded. Of these, 71% occurred in fall and summer months. Peak eosinophil counts increased from 6.8 to 86.8 eosinophil per high-power field (P < .001). Four patients (31%) reported worsening of seasonal allergies and 5 (38%) a global worsening of symptoms. Endoscopic severity was also significantly worse during seasonal exacerbations (total EREFS 3.7 vs 1.7; P = .01). Baseline features differed by atopic diagnoses and endoscopic findings between patients with and without seasonal exacerbations.Conclusion
Seasonal exacerbations of eosinophilic esophagitis were uncommon in this cohort and most commonly recorded over the summer and fall months. These data support a role of aeroallergens in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis in some patients, and clinicians should consider aeroallergens as a potential cause of disease exacerbation. 相似文献993.
V R Bonagura C Rohowsky-Kochan E Reed A Ma J McDowell D W King N Suciu-Foca 《Human immunology》1986,15(2):211-219
We have studied the development of anti-idiotypic antibodies to HLA and of autoantibodies reacting with alloactivated T lymphoblasts in a woman with herpes gestationis (HG). This primigravida developed an elevated titer of anti-HLA antibodies, (Ab1), in association with a low titer and late appearance of anti-anti-HLA antibodies (Ab2). At delivery she developed only minimal levels of antibodies reacting with autologous T lymphoblasts (T1), sensitized against the immunizing HLA antigens of the child. Her serum reacted, however, with T lymphoblasts, primed in AMLC against autologous T blasts alloactivated in vitro against her husband (T2). Because healthy gravidae do not show such antibodies, it appears that they are peculiar to and may represent a perturbation of the idiotypic network in regard to the immune 相似文献
994.
Mario Geller M.D. Dennis K. Flaherty Ph.D. Helen A. Dickie M.D. Charles E. Reed M.D. 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1977,59(6):445-448
Each of 5 patients with acute nitrofurantoin pleuropulmonary reactions had profound lymphopenia and 4 had eosinophilia developing early in the clinical course after the drug was withdrawn. The 2 patients tested had only one third of the normal numbers of E rosettes (T lymphocytes) in the peripheral blood during recovery. Lymphoblastic transformation tests with purified nitrofurantoin were done in 3 patients and all of them were negative; responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed were decreased but still normal. The diagnosis of various nitrofurantoin hypersensitivity reactions relies on clinical data. The mechanisms of these reactions presently remain unclear. 相似文献
995.
Electrogram prolongation and nifedipine-suppressible ventricular arrhythmias in mice following targeted disruption of KCNE1 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
Richard Balasubramaniam† rew A. Grace† Richard C. Saumarez‡ Jamie I. Vandenberg§ Christopher L.-H. Huang 《The Journal of physiology》2003,552(2):535-546
Mutations in KCNE1 , the gene encoding the β subunit of the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium current ( I Ks ) channel protein, may lead to the long QT syndrome (LQTS), a condition associated with enhanced arrhythmogenesis. Mice with homozygous deletion of the coding sequence of KCNE1 have inner ear defects strikingly similar to those seen in the corresponding human condition. The present study demonstrated and assessed the mechanism of ventricular arrhythmias in Langendorff-perfused whole heart preparations from homozygous KCNE1-/- mice compared to wild-type mice of the same age. The effects of programmed electrical stimulation with decremental pacing from the basal right ventricular epicardial surface upon electrogram waveforms recorded from the basal left ventricle were assessed and quantified using techniques of paced electrogram fractionation analysis for the first time in an experimental system. All KCNE1-/-( n = 10) but not wild-type ( n = 14) mouse hearts empirically demonstrated marked pacing-induced ventricular arrhythmogenicity. This correlated with significant increases in electrogram dispersion, consistent with a wider spread in conduction velocities, in parallel with clinical findings from LQTS patients with potassium channel mutations. In contrast, introduction of 100 nM isoprenaline induced arrhythmogenicity in both KCNE1-/- ( n = 7) and wild-type ( n = 6) hearts during pacing. Furthermore, pretreatment with 1 μM nifedipine exerted a strong anti-arrhythmic effect in the KCNE1-/- hearts ( n = 12) that persisted even in the presence of 100 nM isoprenaline ( n = 6). Our findings associate KCNE1-/- with an arrhythmogenic phenotype that shows an increased dispersion of conduction velocities, and whose initiation is prevented by nifedipine, a finding that in turn may have therapeutic applications in conditions such as LQTS. 相似文献
996.
Who should give lifestyle advice in general practice and what factors influence attendance at health promotion clinics? Survey of patients' views. 下载免费PDF全文
J Eggleston J Gallagher M Gallagher T Hares E Murray N Naroz T Owen P Price L Pym L Reed et al. 《The British journal of general practice》1995,45(401):669-671
BACKGROUND: Health promotion activity in general practice has increased greatly since 1990. A large proportion of this work is undertaken by practice nurses. Little is known about patients' views about the providers of health promotion or their views about general practice health promotion clinics. AIM: A study was carried out in 1992 to determine patients' views about the provision of health promotion advice by general practitioners and practice nurses and their views about attending health promotion clinics. METHOD: A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 1750 patients aged 16 years and over from five general practices in south Tyneside. The questionnaire explored patients' preferences regarding health promotion advice from the general practitioner or practice nurse in relation to four areas of lifestyle advice and factors that might encourage patients to attend a health promotion clinic. RESULTS: A response rate of 75% was obtained from 1639 eligible patients. Receiving health promotion advice from either the general practitioner or the practice nurse was the most commonly preferred option expressed by patients overall. The ability of health promotion clinic staff to deal with patients' concerns about their illness and short waiting times were more likely to influence patients' attendance at health promotion clinics than the presence of a general practitioner or practice nurse. CONCLUSION: In the present study, many patients found health advice received from practice nurses and general practitioners equally acceptable. However, it was the ability of health professionals to respond to patients' health concerns in the health promotion clinic rather than the type of health professional running the clinic that was important for patients. 相似文献
997.
Michael J. Taggart Theodor Burdyga Richard Heaton Susan Wray 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1996,432(5):803-811
Measurements of simultaneous force and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rat uterine smooth muscle have been made to elucidate the mechanisms involved when force produced spontaneously, by high-K+ depolarization or carbachol is altered by a change of intracellular pH (pHi). Rises in force and [Ca2+]i were closely correlated for all forms of contraction, with the Ca2+ transient peaking before force. In spontaneously active preparations, alkalinization significantly increased, and acidification
decreased, force and [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase (cyclopiazonic acid) did not affect these changes, whereas removal of external
Ca2+ abolished both responses, suggesting that the effect of pHi is on Ca2+ entry. Alkalinization caused a prolongation of the action potential complex, associated with a potentiation of contractile
activity. Acidification produced hyperpolarization and abolition of action potentials and spontaneous activity, but did not
prevent brief applications of carbachol or high-K+ from producing depolarization and increasing force, suggesting no impairment of the mechanism of generation of the action
potential. For depolarized preparations, acidification increased tonic force and [Ca2+]i; the increase in the calcium signal persisted in zero-external calcium. In the presence of carbachol, acidification transiently
increased force and [Ca2+]i, followed by a reduction in both. It is concluded that changes in pHi act at more than one step in excitation-contraction coupling and that changes in [Ca2+]i can account for most of the changes in uterine force.
Received: 1 April 1996 /Accepted: 8 May 1996 相似文献
998.
Shabir A Madhi Marietjie Venter Richard Alexandra Humphrey Lewis Yatish Kara William F Karshagen Michael Greef Cheryl Lassen 《Journal of clinical virology》2003,27(2):180-189
BACKGROUND: There is limited information about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk children from developing countries or on the genotype characterisation of the circulating virus. OBJECTIVE: To define the proportion of children with RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) that had risk factors for severe disease and to genotype the circulating RSV strains across the country. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was performed in four distinct regions. During April 2000-December 2000 (period 1), all children, with LRTI or without underlying high risk factors for severe RSV disease were enrolled. During January to September 2001 (period 2), only children with LRTI with underlying high risk factors were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were evaluated for RSV infection using an ELISA test. RSV isolates were also subtyped and genotyped. RESULTS: Fifty three (24%) of 220 children enrolled during period 1 had risk factors for severe RSV disease; in addition to which a further 38 high-risk children were enrolled during 2001. RSV was isolated from 16 (30%) of 53 and 37 (22%) of 167 high-risk and non-high risk children, respectively, P=0.31. High-risk children were more likely to require intensive unit care (25 vs. 2.7%, P=0.02) and were also more likely to be hospitalised for a longer duration (median 7 vs. 5 days, P=0.06) than non high-risk infants. Overall (periods 1 and 2), RSV was isolated from 34 (37.4%) of the 91 high-risk infants enrolled. Among high-risk children, those from whom RSV was isolated were more likely to require hospitalisation (73.5 vs. 54.4%, P=0.07) and admission to an intensive care unit (14.7 vs. 1.8%, P=0.03) than those from whom RSV was not isolated. Of 40 isolates subtyped during period one, 92.5% were subtype A. Further, 27 (83.3%) of 30 subtype A isolates genotyped during period 1 clustered with GA2. CONCLUSION: RSV is an important cause of LRTI among high-risk infants in a developing country such as South Africa. For the season in question, the genotype that was dominant in Johannesburg was isolated throughout the country, suggesting that successful genotypes may have the ability to spread nationwide. 相似文献
999.
Randomised controlled trial to compare GP-run orthopaedic clinics based in hospital outpatient departments and general practices 下载免费PDF全文
Richard Baker Jo Sanderson-Mann Stephen Longworth Rachel Cox Clare Gillies 《The British journal of general practice》2005,55(521):912-917
BACKGROUND: To reduce outpatient waiting times, a growing number of outpatient clinics for selected groups of patients are being provided by GPs with special interests (GPwSIs). AIM: To determine whether there are differences in patient satisfaction or clinical outcome among patients attending orthopaedic clinics provided by GPwSIs in hospital or community settings. DESIGN OF STUDY: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Hospital outpatient departments or general practices. METHOD: Three hundred and twenty-one patients with minor orthopaedic problems were referred by GPs to the orthopaedic surgery department of the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; 168 patients were randomised to care by GPwSIs in practices, and 153 were randomised to care by the same GPwSIs in clinics held at hospital outpatient departments. Patients completed the SF-36v2 and satisfaction questionnaires at their first appointment, and again 3 months later. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the sites in changes in health. After the first clinic attendance, patients attending practice-based clinics were more satisfied with access to appointments and information received. CONCLUSION: For selected orthopaedic referrals seen by GPwSIs, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between practice-based and hospital-based clinics, but some features of practice-based clinics tend to be preferred by patients. 相似文献
1000.
Zhan Y Brown LE Deliyannis G Seah S Wijburg OL Price J Strugnell RA O'Connell PJ Lew AM 《Immunologic research》2004,30(1):1-14
The most common models of CD4 T-cell deficiency are mice exogenously injected with anti-CD4 antibody (Ab), CD4 knockout (CD4−/−) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II knockout (class II−/−) mice. We recently described the anti-CD4 Ab transgenic mouse (GK) as an improved CD4 cell-deficient model. This review compares
this new GK mouse model with the widely available class II−/− and CD4−/− mice, when exposed to complex antigens (foreign grafts and during bacterial or viral infection). We highlight here the cytometric
and functional differences (including Ab isotype, viral or bacterial clearance, and graft survival) among these CD4 cell-deficient
models. For example, whereas grafts are generally rejected in class II−/− and CD4−/− mice as quickly as in wild-type mice, they survive longer in GK mice. Also, CD4−/− mice produce IgG against both simple model and complex antigens, but class II−/− and GK mice produce small amounts of IgG2a against complex antigens but not simple model antigens. These differences harbinger
the caveats in the use of these various mice. 相似文献