Ten-year trends in the incidence,clinical profile and outcomes of acute-onset endophthalmitis following combined pars plana vitrectomy and sutureless,glueless and flapless scleral fixation of intraocular lenses

International Ophthalmology - To evaluate the frequency and outcomes of acute-onset endophthalmitis following combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral fixation of intraocular lens. We evaluated...     

A comparison of using digitally assisted vitreoretinal surgery during repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments to the conventional analog microscope: A prospective interventional study

International Ophthalmology - To compare outcomes and complications of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using a three-dimensional heads-up visualisation system (digitally assisted vitreoretinal system,...     

A comparative study on endothelial cell loss in nanophthalmic eyes undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to compare the endothelial cell loss (ECL) in nanophthalmic eyes and age-matched controls undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and also to identify the risk factors influencing the endothelial cell density (ECD). This was a prospective comparative interventional case series.Methods:We enrolled 19 nanophthalmic eyes (study group) and 42 age-matched cataract controls (control group) undergoing phacoemulsification after meeting the inclusion criteria. Ocular parameters like best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pachymetry, specular microscopy, and slit lamp findings were noted preoperatively and at month 1 and 3 postsurgery. All nanophthalmic eyes underwent cataract surgery with concomitant prophylactic posterior sclerostomy.Results:The median percentage endothelial loss in nanophthalmic eyes was 4.0 (IQR 0–23.5), 7.4 (IQR 1.0–-22.4) at 1 and 3 months postoperatively compared to 6.3 (IQR 1.7–14.1) and 6.4 (IQR 2.6–-12.1) in age controlled normal eyes (P = 0.94, P = 0.46, respectively). Linear regression analysis showed increasing age as the only variable influencing the percentage decrease in corneal ECD in the study group (P = 0.001). Nanophthalmic eyes with ACD <2.5 mm had a significantly greater reduction in ECD at 3 months postcataract surgery compared to baseline (P = 0.039). Visual outcomes and IOP reduction in the study group with ACD >2.5 mm were significantly better postcataract surgery (P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively).Conclusion:The percentage of ECL in nanophthalmic eyes undergoing phacoemulsification is equivalent to normal eyes. However, in the nanophthamic eyes with AC depth <2.5 mm, the percentage cell loss was significantly higher warranting the need for extensive intraoperative care. Increasing age was found to be the only significant risk factor influencing the ECD in short eyes.     

Ophthalmic manifestations in the COVID-19 clinical spectrum

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and various types of ophthalmic manifestation of patients with COVID-19.Methods:This is a prospective observational study conducted on patients with SARS-Co-V-2 infection, at a dedicated tertiary COVID-19 hospital in South India from April 1 to July 31, 2020. At the time of their admission to the COVID hospital, demographic data such as name, age, sex was recorded. A thorough history regarding the onset, duration, progression, nature of symptoms and its associated factors, medication history, treatment history were elicited and documented. Ocular examination was performed under torchlight by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Further investigations including imaging were sought for, depending on clinical indications. Serial follow-up examinations of all patients were carried out every 72 hours or when patients complained of any ocular symptoms whichever earlier, until discharge. All relevant data were compiled and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 2742 patients were examined. Of them, 1461 (53.28%) were males and 1281 (46.72%) were females. The mean age (±SD) was 39.46 ± 17.63 years. None of the patients in our study had any ocular symptoms or signs as the presenting complaint at the time of their admission. On subsequent follow-up, only 20 (0.72%) developed ocular manifestations, of which 19 (95%) had features suggestive of Bilateral viral conjunctivitis. However, 1 (5%) patient had orbital cellulitis secondary to pansinusitis.Conclusion:Ophthalmic manifestations in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 infection are uncommon and unlikely to be the presenting clinical impression. However, it has broadened our view to a wider spectrum of COVID-19 presentations enhancing our clinical acumen for staunch detection of COVID-19 suspects in our daily practice, augmenting early diagnosis and management and also break the chain of transmission for the greater good of humanity.     

Progression rate to primary angle closure following laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle-closure suspects: a randomised study

AIM: To report the progression rate (PR) to primary angle closure (PAC) following laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in PAC suspects (PACS). METHODS: Prospective, randomized controlled interventional clinical trial conducted at the Handan Eye Hospital, China. Totally 134 bilateral PACS, defined as non-visibility of the posterior trabecular meshwork for ≥180 degrees on gonioscopy were randomly assigned to undergo LPI in one eye. Gonioscopy and Goldmann applanation tonometry were performed prior to, on day 7 and 12mo post LPI. RESULTS: Eighty of 134 patients (59.7%) could be followed up at one year. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in treated eyes was 15.9±2.6 mm Hg at baseline, 15.4±3.0 mm Hg on day 7; 16.5±2.9 mm Hg at one month, and 15.5±2.9 mm Hg at 12mo; the IOP in untreated eyes was similar (P=0.834). One or more quadrants of the angle opened in 93.7% of the LPI treated eyes, but 67.0% (53/79) remained closed in two or more quadrants. The PR to PAC in untreated eyes was 3.75% and one developed acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG); the PR to PAC in treated eyes was 2.5% and none had developed peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) or AACG. CONCLUSION: LPI can open some of the occludable angle in the majority of eyes with PACS, but 67% continue to have non-visibility of the trabecular meshwork for over 180 degrees.     

Large interlayer spacing Nb4C3Tx (MXene) promotes the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ on glassy carbon electrodes

A Nb₄C₃T_x (MXene)-modified glassy carbon electrode was used for the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions in aqueous media. The sensing platform was evaluated by anodic stripping analysis after optimizing the influencing factors such as pH, deposition potential, and time. The large interlayer spacing, high c lattice parameter and higher conductivity of Nb₄C₃T_x compared to other MXenes enhance the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺. The developed sensor can reach a detection limit of 12 nM at a potential ∼−0.6 V. Additionally, the developed sensor showed promising selectivity in the presence of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺, and stability for at least 5 cycles of continuous measurements with good repeatability. This work demonstrates the potential applications of Nb₄C₃T_x towards the development of effective electrochemical sensors.

Large interlayer spacing Nb₄C₃T_x (MXene) promotes the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ on glassy carbon electrodes