Localization of Per a 3 allergen in the gut and faecal pellets of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Cockroach-derived materials are known to be a major source of potent aeroallergens, causing allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of the major allergen, Per a 3 (Cr-PI), within the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), which might reveal the relative importance of excreted materials and nonexcreted cockroach components as allergen sources. American cockroaches (P. americana) and their faecal pellets were embedded in paraffin, and serial sections were cut and collected on glass slides. After being stained with mouse polyclonal antiserum against Per a 3, the sections were incubated sequentially with biotin-labelled sheep antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a preformed fluorescent isothiocyanate (FITC)-avidin complex. Finally, the sections were mounted and examined under a fluorescent microscope. Examination of Per a 3 immunoreactivity on the sections of the American cockroaches (P. americana) revealed that the midgut mucosa, gut contents and faecal pellets were all strongly labelled. Per a 3 immunoreactive products were not detected in any other internal organs of the American cockroaches. These results suggest that Per a 3 allergen might be synthesized in and secreted from the epithelia of the midgut mucosa and excreted from the body in the faecal pellets.     

Depressive symptoms and condom use with clients among female sex workers in China

This study examines the association between depressive symptoms and condom use with clients among 278 female sex workers (FSW) in Guangxi, China. About 62% of these FSW had a high level of depressive symptoms (CES-D total score >or=16). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that FSW with high level of depressive symptoms were less likely to use condoms consistently (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.89) or use condoms properly (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.99). The findings suggested that HIV prevention programs targeted at FSW should take into consideration the level of depression they experience.     

磁共振成像对乳腺小肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺MRI鉴别乳腺小肿块(最大直径≤1 cm)良、恶性的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2012年9月至2018年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院就诊的160例乳腺小肿块患者的术前乳腺MRI检查图像,其中良性疾病组111例,恶性疾病组49例。比较2组病灶位置、形态学特征、时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)、T2WI信号特征和表观扩散系数(ADC)的差异。年龄的组间比较采用Student’s t检验,病灶大小和ADC值的组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料(病灶位置、周围脂肪征、形态、边缘、内部强化和TIC类型)组间比较采用χ²检验,伴对侧同时恶性肿瘤比例和T2WI信号特征的组间比较采用Fisher确切概率法。计数资料亚组内两两比较采用Bonferroni校正。绘制年龄和ADC值的受试者工作特征曲线,多因素分析采用二元logistic回归,使用“Forward:LR”法,建立良、恶性疾病诊断模型,计算该模型的曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和正确率,输出预测模型列线图。结果(1)单因素分析:良性组和恶性组的周围脂肪征、病灶边缘、内部强化类型、TIC类型、T2WI信号特征及ADC值比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=13.083、11.224、7.628、14.060、21.892;P<0.001、0.004、0.006、0.001、<0.001;Z=-3.952,P<0.001)。(2)多因素分析:年龄>50岁、周围脂肪征阳性、T2WI上略低信号或周边高信号、ADC值≤1.22×10^-3mm²/s是提示乳腺癌的独立危险特征(OR=6.728,95%CI:2.123~21.318,P=0.001;OR=5.545,95%CI:1.306~23.533,P=0.020;OR=31.110,95%CI:2.167~446.576,P=0.011;OR=13.794,95%CI:2.096~90.790,P=0.006;OR=5.802,95%CI:1.350~24.938,P=0.018)。(3)鉴别诊断模型:联合上述特征的诊断模型对乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及正确率分别为89.2%(33/37)、69.4%(59/85)、55.9%(33/59)、93.6%(59/63)和75.4%(92/122)。结论乳腺良、恶性小肿块的MRI图像特征表现重叠,单一特征鉴别诊断较困难。联合患者年龄、周围脂肪征、T2WI信号特征和ADC值有助于提高诊断正确率。     

病理分化程度对声门上型喉癌颈清扫的影响

目的 分析不同分化程度的声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌（SLSCC）的颈淋巴结转移（LNM）规律。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月—2019年12月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院病理诊断为SLSCC的患者不同病理分化程度LNM的差异。结果 共纳入79例患者,其中低分化组20例、中分化组52例和高分化组7例;N0 38例,N1 8例,N2 28例,N3 5例;36例出现Ⅱ区LNM,21例出现Ⅲ区LNM,7例出现Ⅳ区LNM,Ⅴ区和Ⅵ区未发现LNM。结论 SLSCC患者能从双侧颈清扫术中获益,低、中分化患者能从清扫双侧Ⅱ-Ⅳ区中获益,高分化患者清扫双侧Ⅱ-Ⅲ区可能更合适。     

气管腺样囊性癌综合治疗研究进展

气管腺样囊性癌罕见,手术切除是主要治疗方法,手术是否完全切除是主要预后因素;术后放疗可提高术后切缘阳性患者肿瘤局控率和远期生存率。对于不可手术、远处转移患者,放疗、化疗和靶向治疗也取得一定疗效。本文将对近年气管腺样囊性癌综合治疗的相关研究进行综述。     

miR-147a靶向MCM3抑制脉络膜黑色素瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的:研究miR-147a对脉络膜黑色素瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,并探究其作用机制。方法:采用脂质体转染人脉络膜黑色素瘤MUM-2B细胞,设置miR-NC、miR-147a mimics、inhibitor-NC、miR-147a inhibitor四组。采用EDU染色法检测细胞增殖;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭;Targetscan生物信息学网站预测分析miR-147a下游靶基因;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-147a是否靶向结合MCM3 mRNA 3' UTR区;蛋白质印迹法（Western Blot）检测靶基因MCM3蛋白表达。结果:过表达miR-147a可显著降低MUM-2B细胞的增殖数、迁移数和侵袭数,相反,敲减miR-147a提高细胞增殖数、迁移数和侵袭数。miR-147a直接靶向并负向调控MCM3蛋白表达。沉默MCM3可抑制MUM-2B细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。结论:miR-147a通过直接靶向MCM3抑制脉络膜黑色素瘤MUM-2B细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。miR-147a/MCM3轴可能是治疗脉络膜黑色素瘤的新靶标。     

Role of metabolic changes of mucosal layer in the intestinal barrier dysfunction following trauma/hemorrhagic shock

Background

The mucosal layer plays an important role in regulating the intestinal barrier function. However, the underlying mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by trauma-hemorrhagic shock (THS) are still unknown.

内镜对胃平滑肌肉瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨内镜对胃平滑肌肉瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析胃平滑肌肉瘤共18例的临床及内镜资料。结果：12例行胃镜检查，8例确诊（67％），3例误诊为胃癌，1例未发现病灶。结论：内镜检查是诊断该病的主要方法，可以在动态情况下直接观察肿块及胃腔的形态，显示胃黏膜微小结构的变化，并可取活检，明确诊断，为治疗提供可靠的依据。将胃镜头端接受病灶处挖洞式活检、多处取材，可提高该病的病理确诊率。     

基础-临床-工程融合的医学院校科研发展

随着医学和工程学的迅猛发展,基础-临床-工程间的交叉与融合将对现代医学的发展起到重要作用。首都医科大学将科研合作、学科融合、基金扶持等方面作为切入点,针对基础教师和临床医生的交流建立了长效机制,对学校的教学、科研以及人才培养等方面起到了至关重要的作用,全面推进了学校的科研发展。