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排序方式: 共有221条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Marwaha RK Tandon N Reddy DR Aggarwal R Singh R Sawhney RC Saluja B Ganie MA Singh S 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》2005,82(2):477-482
BACKGROUND: Current data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in India are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the calcium-vitamin D-parathyroid hormone axis in apparently healthy children from 2 different socioeconomic backgrounds in New Delhi, India. DESIGN: Clinical evaluation for evidence of vitamin D deficiency was carried out in 5137 apparently healthy schoolchildren, aged 10-18 y, attending lower (LSES) and upper (USES) socioeconomic status schools. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were measured in 760 children randomly selected from the larger cohort. Bone mineral density of the forearm and the calcaneum was measured in 555 children by using peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Clinical evidence of vitamin D deficiency was noted in 10.8% of the children. Children in the LSES group had a significantly (P < 0.01) lower 25(OH)D concentration (10.4 +/- 0.4 ng/mL) than did those in the USES group (13.7 +/- 0.4 ng/mL). Concentrations of 25(OH)D <9 ng/mL were seen in 35.7% of the children (42.3% in LSES; 27% in USES; P < 0.01). Boys had significantly (P = 0.004) higher 25(OH)D concentrations than did girls. There was a significant negative correlation between the mean serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and 25(OH) D concentrations (r = -0.202, P < 0.001). Mean forearm bone mineral density was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the USES group than in the LSES group. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of clinical and biochemical hypovitaminosis D exists in apparently healthy schoolchildren in northern India. 相似文献
12.
Pathak P Kapil U Kapoor SK Saxena R Kumar A Gupta N Dwivedi SN Singh R Singh P 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2004,71(11):1007-1014
Deficiencies of micronutrients (zinc, iron, folic acid and iodine) during pregnancy are known causes of Low Birth Weight (LBW).
Studies have documented status of one or two micronutrients amongst pregnant women (PW). However, no attempt has been made
to concurrently assess the prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies and the factors associated with them amongst
PW.Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies amongst PW in a rural area.Methods: A community based cross sectional survey was conducted in six villages of a rural area of district Faridabad in Haryana
state, India during November 2000 and October 2001. All PW aged 18 years or more, with pregnancy duration of more than 28
weeks were enrolled. Data were collected on socio-economic status and other demographic parameters. Serum zinc, copper and
magnesium levels were estimated by utilizing the Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); serum ferritin and folate was
estimated by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method and the Radio-lmmuno Assay (RIA) method, respectively and serum
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was estimated by the Abbot AxSYM System. Serum zinc, copper, magnesium, ferritin,
and folate levels less than 70.0 μg/dl, 80.0 μg/dl, 1.80 mg/dl, 15 ng/ml, and 3 ng/ml, respectively were considered as indicative
of deficiency for respective micronutrients. The TSH levels of 4.670 and more indicated iodine deficiency status. Dietary
intake of micronutrients was assessed utilizing 1-day 24-hour dietary recall methodology. Food consumption pattern was assessed
utilizing the food frequency questionnaire methodology.Results: Nearly 73.5, 2.7, 43.6, 73.4, 26.3, and 6.4 percent PW were deficient in zinc, copper, magnesium, iron, folic acid and iodine,
respectively. The highest concurrent prevalence of two, three, four and five micronutrient deficiency was of zinc and iron
(54.9%); zinc, magnesium and iron (25.6%); zinc, magnesium, iron and folic acid (9.3%) and zinc, magnesium, iron, folic acid
and iodine (0.8%), respectively. No pregnant woman was found to have concomitant deficiencies of all the six micronutrients.
Dietary intake data revealed an inadequate nutrient intake. Over 19% PW were consuming less than 50% of the recommended calories.
Similarly, 99, 86.2, 75.4, 23.6, 3.9 percent of the PW were consuming less than 50% of the recommended folic acid, zinc, iron,
copper, and magnesium. The consumption of food groups rich in micronutrients (pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts and oil seeds,
animal foods) was infrequent. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low dietary intake of
nutrients, low frequency of consumption of food groups rich in micronutrients and increased reproductive cycles with short
interpregnancy intervals were important factors leading to micronutrient deficiencies.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies amongst the PW of the area, possibly due to the poor dietary intake
of food and low frequency of consumption of food groups rich in micronutrients. The concurrent prevalence of two, three, four
and five micronutrient deficiencies were common. 相似文献
13.
CYP1B1 gene in endometrial cancer 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sasaki M Kaneuchi M Fujimoto S Tanaka Y Dahiya R 《Molecular and cellular endocrinology》2003,202(1-2):171-176
Metabolic activation of estradiol has been shown to be a key factor in endometrial carcinogenesis. 4-hydroxy estrogens (CYP1B1 metabolites) received particular attention because of their causative role in malignant transformation of various organs including endometrium. CYP1B1 displays the highest level of expression in endometrium. 4-hydroxy estrogens can bind to DNA via their quinone metabolites and cause oxidative damage in endometrial cancer. Moreover, the 4-hydroxy estrogens bind to the estrogen receptor and have estrogenic effects on target tissues. Six polymorphisms of the CYP1B1 gene have been described of which four result in amino acid substitutions; 1-13C-->T, codon 48C-->G, codon 119G-->T, codon 432C-->G, codon 449T-->C and codon 453A-->G. The polymorphisms on exons 2 and 3 have significant effects on the catalytic function of CYP1B1. Polymorphisms on specific regions of CYP1B1 gene result in hyperactivation of the protein and can lead to a higher susceptibility in the incidence of various cancers. Thus, inherited alterations in CYP1B1 hydroxylation activity may be associated with significant changes in estrogen metabolism and, thereby, may possibly explain inter-individual differences in endometrial cancer risk associated with estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis. 相似文献
14.
15.
Surveillance of Scrub Typhus in the fringe areas around Pune : Potential for Transmission does exist
Rajvir Bhalwar Rina Tilak MKK Rao Late VW Tilak 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2003,59(2):117-120
A field based epidemiological study was undertaken to assess the potential of transmission of scrub typhus in the sylvatic and transitional (fringe) areas at ten different locations around Pune. Parameters studied included rodent trapping and identification, entomological parameters, immunological studies on rodent sera, and rodent organ impression smears. The study revealed that Rattus r rufescence, Rattus meltada, Suncus murinus and Rattus blanfordi were the predominant sylvatic rodent species. All the species showed mild to moderate infestation with trombiculid mite larvae, with Rr rufescence and S murinus showing even higher levels of infestation. Pooled rodent sera showed mild rise of OX2 in 13.9%, OX19 in 5.6% and OXK in 9.8% of the pooled sera. The rise in titres was appreciable among rodents from Lonavala, Khadakvasla, Panchet, Singhgadh and Kondhwa areas. Based on the findings of the study, certain recommendations on prevention, surveillance and epidemic investigations of scrub typhus in the Armed Forces have been submitted.Key Words: Mite, Rodent, Scrub typhus, Weil-Felix 相似文献
16.
Background: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of school children in Army School, Pune. 相似文献
17.
Background : Disparity in perception of old age and illness, between older people and their family, has been noticed in Indian society. Objectives : To assess perception of the family environment by older patients with chronic obstructive airway disease and their primary caregiver. Methodology : Family environment was assessed using a standard family environment scale. Results : Significant agreement was noticed between perceptions of older people and their caregiver in all aspects of family environment. Conclusion : Family environment of this group of older Indians is supportive and caring during health and illness. 相似文献
18.
Kikuno N Kawamoto K Hirata H Vejdani K Kawakami K Fandel T Nunes L Urakami S Shiina H Igawa M Tanagho E Dahiya R 《BJU international》2009,103(10):1424-1428
OBJECTIVE
To determine the combined effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on regeneration of the bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) in spinal cord injury (SCI)‐mediated neurogenic bladder in rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS
In all, 40 female Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. At 8 weeks after spinalization surgery (neurogenic bladder), they were divided into five groups consisting of untreated controls and those whose bladders were injected with either no growth factor, NGF (2 µg/rat), VEGF (2 µg/rat) or both at partial BAMG replacement surgery. After 8 weeks, bladder function was assessed by urodynamic studies and the bladders were harvested for histological examination. Smooth muscle induction, collagen and nerve fibre regeneration were assessed immunohistochemically using antibodies to smooth muscle actin (α‐actin), Masson’s trichrome and protein gene product 9.5, respectively.RESULTS
Bladder capacity and compliance were significantly increased in all BAMG groups 8 weeks after surgery compared with that before bladder replacement surgery. Bladder capacity and compliance were much higher in the VEGF and NGF combined group than in the control, or NGF and VEGF alone groups. There was no significant difference in the residual volume ratio among all groups.CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report showing that NGF has a significant synergistic effect on the development, differentiation and functional restoration of the BAMG when administered with VEGF in neurogenic bladder. Our results indicate that NGF may be a useful cytokine for enhancing the regeneration of a functional bladder following acellular matrix grafting in a neurogenic rat model. 相似文献19.
Background
Disorders of visual acuity are known to affect the learning abilities of school children. Various authors have reported varying prevalence in India and abroad.Methods
A rapid, community based survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of disorders of visual acuity among adolescent school children in three schools in Pune Cantonment. A sample of 236 children studying in six sections were examined after random selection by a two stage sampling technique ensuring representation to each of the classes. Visual acuity was assessed for all the children available in the selected section on the date of survey. A questionnaire based study of the knowledge and attitude of the parents of the 50 affected children was also conducted.Result
50 children (25 males and 25 females) were found to have errors of refraction, resulting in prevalence rate of 21.19% with confidence intervals of 15.97% to 26.40%.Conclusion
The study highlights significantly high prevalence of uncorrected errors of visual acuity among adolescent school children as well as the need for instituting IEC activities aimed at improving the general lack of appreciation of the seriousness of the problem by the parents and consequent neglect of urgent corrective measures.Key Words: Visual defects, Adolescent school children 相似文献20.
Numerous studies have shown that improving the microbiological quality of household water by point-of-use treatment reduces diarrhoea and other waterborne diseases. The most promising and accessible of the technologies for household water treatment are filtration with ceramic filters, chlorination with storage in an improvised vessel, solar disinfection in clear bottles by the combined action of UV radiation and heat, thermal disinfection (pasteurization) in opaque vessels with sunlight from solar cookers or reflectors and combination systems employing chemical coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination. However each of these technologies have limitations and effectiveness can be increased by use of two or more treatment systems in succession for improved treatment and the creation of multiple barriers. In particular those treatments that provide no residual disinfectant, such as boiling, solar treatment, UV disinfection with lamps and filtration could be followed by chlorination to provide a multibarrier approach. Water purifiers based on multiple interventions such as filtration/ultra filtration/activated carbon adsorption / UV rays disinfection are available in the market which can be used to purify the water at point of use. Water purifiers based on single interventions like candle filters, resins filters or ultraviolet lamp can be used in most places being supplied water after purification. Troops on operational move can purify water by fabric/resins filtration and chlorine disinfection or by flocculent-disinfectant.Key Words: Household water purification, Low-cost interventions, Effectiveness 相似文献