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51.
Estivill E Bové A García-Borreguero D Gibert J Paniagua J Pin G Puertas FJ Cilveti R;members of the Consensus Group 《Clinical drug investigation》2003,23(6):351-385
Thirty-four experts and a literature supervisor got together in order to reach a 'consensus' regarding the definition, diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of insomnia. Insomnia is a subjective perception of dissatisfaction with the amount and/or quality of sleep. It includes difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep or early awakening with inability to fall asleep again. It is associated with complaints of non-restorative sleep and dysfunction of diurnal alertness, energy, cognitive function, behaviour or emotional state, with a decrease in quality of life. The diagnosis is based on clinical and sleep history, physical examination and additional tests, although polysomnography is not routinely indicated. Therapy should include treatment of the underlying causes, cognitive and behavioural measures and drug treatment. Hypnotic therapy can be prescribed from the onset of insomnia and non-benzodiazepine selective agonists of the GABA-A receptor complex are the drugs of first choice. It is recommended that hypnotic treatment be maintained in cases where withdrawal impairs the patient's quality of life and when all other therapeutic measures have failed. Experience suggests that intermittent treatment is better than continuous therapy. The available data do not confirm safety of hypnotics in pregnancy, lactation and childhood insomnia. Benzodiazepines are not indicated in decompensated chronic pulmonary disease but no significant adverse effects on respiratory function have been reported with zolpidem and zopiclone in stable mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in treated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Data for zaleplon are inconclusive. If the patient recovers subjective control over the sleep process, gradual discontinuation of hypnotic treatment can be considered. 相似文献
52.
53.
H. Leblebicioglu C. Eroglu members of the Hepatitis Study Group 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2004,10(6):537-541
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Turkey. Epidemiological and clinical data for 158 patients with acute HBV infection from 22 medical centres in the period February 2001 to February 2002 were collected prospectively. HBV genotyping was based on analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and nested PCR. There were 59 female and 99 male patients, with a mean age of 34.2 +/- 15.6 years. The most common probable transmission route was blood contact in 63 (41.1%) cases, but was unknown in 78 (49.4%) cases. The mean alanine aminotransferase level was 1718 +/- 1089 IU/L. Four of the 158 patients (2.5%) died because of fulminant hepatitis. One year after discharge, 11 (10.6%) of 103 cases were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 80 (77.7%) were positive for anti-HBsAg. Genotype determination was unsuccessful in 11 cases because of a negative PCR; genotype D was found in the remaining 147 cases. The results suggested that acute HBV infection constitutes a significant health problem in Turkey and that genotype D is predominant. 相似文献
54.
Nick Bundle Nishi Dave Anastasia Pharris Gianfranco Spiteri Charlotte Deogan Jonathan E Suk Study group members Study group members Soteroulla Soteriou Anna Papandreou Valentinos Silvestros Maria Athanasiadou Theopisti Kyprianou Anna Demetriou Otto Helve Emmi Sarvikivi Silke Buda Barbara Hauer Walter Haas Thorsten Wolff Aoife Colgan Kate ODonnell Antonino Bella Joël Mossong Anne Vergison 《Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin》2021,26(50)
We estimated risks of severe outcomes in 820,404 symptomatic paediatric COVID-19 cases reported by 10 European Union countries between August 2020 and October 2021. Case and hospitalisation rates rose as transmission increased but severe outcomes were rare: 9,611 (1.2%) were hospitalised, 640 (0.08%) required intensive care and 84 (0.01%) died. Despite increased individual risk (adjusted odds ratio hospitalisation: 7.3; 95% confidence interval: 3.3–16.2; intensive care: 8.7; 6.2–12.3) in cases with comorbidities, most (83.7%) hospitalised children had no comorbidity. 相似文献
55.
Peters Charles; Shapiro Elsa G.; Anderson James; Henslee-Downey P. Jean; Klemperer Martin R.; Cowan Morton J.; Saunders E. Fred; deAlarcon Pedro A.; Twist Clare; Nachman James B.; Hale Gregory A.; Harris Richard E.; Rozans Marta K.; Kurtzberg Joanne; Grayson Guy H.; Williams Thomas E.; Lenarsky Carl; Wagner John E.; Krivit William; the members of The Storage Disease Collaborative Study Group 《Blood》1998,91(7):2601-2608
56.
BERTRAND MAUBERT DOMINIQUE RICHE PHILIPPE DELORON 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》1998,40(6):401-407
PROBLEM: Erythrocytes parasitized by matures stages of Plasmodium falciparum are frequently sequestered in human placenta. The consequences of this sequestration have been well described, but little is known about the mechanisms used by the parasite to concentrate in the placenta. METHOD OF STUDY: We developed an in vitro assay to study their binding capacity to the human syncytiotrophoblast. Our cytoadherence test was scaled down, and each step of the assay was optimized to enhance the sensitivity of our model. RESULTS: Cytoadherence assays between P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and human trophoblasts are easily performed using low numbers of trophoblast cells. The process can also be used to carry out immunofluorescence and immunostaining techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The test may be adapted to any kind of cell, is inexpensive, and allows the culture of virtually any kind of cell for several weeks. 相似文献
57.
Oteo J Lázaro E de Abajo FJ Baquero F Campos J;Spanish members of EARSS 《Emerging infectious diseases》2005,11(4):546-553
Surveillance System. A network of 32 Spanish hospitals, serving approximately 9.6 million persons, submitted antimicrobial-susceptibility data on 7,098 invasive Escherichia coli species (2001-2003). Resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was found at rates of 59.9%, 32.6%, 19.3%, 6.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Resistance to multiple drugs increased from 13.8% in 2001 to 20.6% in 2003 (p <0.0001). Antimicrobial consumption data were obtained from the Spanish National Health System. In spite of decreased cephalosporin and beta-lactam use, overall extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production increased from 1.6% (2001) to 4.1% (2003) (p <0.0001), mainly due to the rising prevalence of cefotaximases. Resistance to ciprofloxacin significantly increased, mostly in community-onset infections, which coincided with a rise in community quinolone use. Cotrimoxazole resistance remained stable at approximately 30%, even though its use was dramatically reduced. 相似文献
58.
A. J. Walter J. L. Buller G. Davis
the members of the Military Association of PelvicReconstructive Surgeons 《International urogynecology journal》2002,13(3):160-164
The aim of this study was to determine the commonly used techniques for sling surgery. A questionnaire was distributed to
the attendees at the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society. Techniques addressed included
the type and length of the graft material, the fixation point, and the methods of sling tensioning. Type of training and monthly
surgical volume was also determined. Sixty-five gynecologic and urologic surgeons responded to the survey, the majority of
whom were fellowship-trained urogynecologists (68%). The median monthly operative experience was 8 anti-incontinence procedures,
including 3.5 pubovaginal slings. There was wide inter-respondent variability in all techniques except fixation point. There
was also large intra-respondent variability in sling technique: 42% reported the use of differing graft materials, 19% noted
using differing graft lengths, and 19% employed variable tensioning methods. Type of training and operative experience did
not predict surgical technique(s) or consistency. Our conclusion was that there is wide variability in the techniques of sling
performance. 相似文献
59.
60.
Pradat P Caillat-Vallet E Sahajian F Bailly F Excler G Sepetjan M Trépo C Fabry J;ADHEC members 《European journal of epidemiology》2001,17(1):47-51
Study objective: To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients in general practices. Design and Participants: A screening campaign requested by the French Health Insurance Fund and involving 271 general practitioners (GPs) and 96% of the 95 medical laboratories was conducted in the Lyon area. Each GP participated for one week and offered an HCV screening to all patients aged 18–69 years during this period. Risk factors were estimated by a medical questionnaire (MQ) filled in by the physician. Main results: From May to October 1997, 11,805 subjects were recruited into the study. Among them, 101 were known HCV positive. The MQ was filled up in 86% of the 11,704 remaining patients. Only 59% of those (6876/11,704) went to a laboratory to be tested. Fifty-one were ELISA positive of whom 30 were confirmed by RIBA or PCR. If we add 101 patients that were known HCV positive and estimate the prevalence among patients who did not go to the laboratory, this study gives a total estimated prevalence of 1.3%. Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection among patients of GPs is about 1.3%, very close to the estimate in the French general population. The substantial number of patients known HCV positive is probably related to the participation of GPs sensitised to HCV issues and who already have screened most of their HCV patients. 相似文献