铜绿假单胞菌耐碳青酶烯类抗菌药物机制分类检测的研究

目的研究铜绿假单胞菌(PA)耐碳青酶烯类抗菌药物机制的分布。方法应用复合纸片法检测47株临床分离的耐碳青酶烯类抗菌药物PA临床分离株,据表型推测其耐药机制并分析其分布。结果产金属酶、D2缺失、外排泵出分别占29.8%、31.9%、31.9%,产其他β-内酰胺酶占6.4%。结论产金属酶是PA耐碳青酶烯类抗菌药物最主要机制之一,准确的实验室检测不仅可以帮助临床合理选用抗菌药物并可减少细菌耐药性的传播。     

分次切除在皮肤病损治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨分次切除在皮肤病损治疗中的应用价值。方法通过10年来对498例皮肤病损患者接受分次切除治疗的观察和分析,评估了皮肤病损分次切除的疾病适应证、部位适应证、切口的合理安排和优缺点等。结果所有病例中切除次数为2次的病例457例,治疗时间5~13月,平均(8.06±3.45)月;3次及以上41例,平均(3.12±0.32)次,治疗时间12~21月,平均(13.76±1.34)月。术后随访6~13月,复发5例,其中色素痣3例,疤痕疙瘩2例。色素痣再次手术切除后无复发,疤痕疙瘩采取切除加放疗后无复发。结论分次切除在较大面积及特殊部位的皮肤病灶切除术中有其特有的优点和临床应用价值。     

颈动脉狭窄血管内支架置入10例护理体会

目的:探讨颈动脉支架置入术治疗颈动脉狭窄的护理方法.方法:对10例颈动脉狭窄患者采用经股动脉穿刺插管行全脑血管造影,显示有血管狭窄行颈动脉支架置入术.结果:本组患者均成功置入支架,患者临床症状改善,未发生严重的并发症.结论:加强手术前后的护理,严密观察病情及预防并发症,患者主动配合治疗是手术成功的关键.     

原发性肝癌Twist基因表达的研究

目的：研究Twist基因在人原发性肝癌（primary liver cancer,PLC）组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学SABC染色方法检测45例PLC组织及癌旁组织中Twist蛋白并采用RT-PCR对TwistmR-NA的表达进行分析研究。结果：PLC组织、癌旁组织及正常肝组织中Twist的阳性表达率分别为80.0%、57.8%和22.2%。PLC和癌旁组织与正常对照肝组织中Twist的表达相比较差异均有统计学意义,P〈0.05。肿瘤包膜也可见Twist表达。RT-PCR检测Twist结果显示,PLC组织中Twist mRNA表达显著上调。结论：PLC组织中高表达转录因子Twist对肿瘤的发生、发展起着重要作用。     

二甲肼诱发大鼠大肠癌癌前病变模型的肠道双歧杆菌数量研究

目的:探讨二甲肼(DMH)诱发的大肠癌癌前病变模型大鼠的肠道内双歧杆菌数量与大肠癌癌前病变的关系。方法:应用双歧杆菌属特异性引物实时定量PCR,对实验第3与第9周8只模型组大鼠以及同年龄的7只正常对照组大鼠肠道中的双歧杆菌数量进行检测。结果:第9周的正常对照组大鼠未见明显异常隐窝灶(aberrant crypts foci,ACF),同年龄的模型组平均每只大鼠大肠可形成(37.7±2.6)个ACF。第3周正常对照组与同年龄的模型组大鼠肠道双歧杆菌数量差异无统计学意义,P=0.652;第9周模型组大鼠肠道双歧杆菌数量低于同年龄的正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义,P=0.090。结论:肠道内双歧杆菌的数量与大鼠大肠癌癌前病变没有明显相关性。     

Prevalence and related factors of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies

Background and aimsHyperuricaemia can lead to gout and is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricaemia and its related factors in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsWe pooled data from 11 population-based studies comprising 54,580 participants aged 3–19 years. The sex- and age-standardized prevalence of hyperuricaemia was estimated overall and by sex, age, weight status, geographic region and survey year.ResultsSerum uric acid (SUA) increased gradually from 3 to 11 years with no significant sex difference, and then increased dramatically during 11–15 years. The estimated overall prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 23.3% (26.6% in boys and 19.8% in girls, p < .001). The prevalence increased with growing age (3.7, 9.8, 15.8, 35.5 and 31.7% among children aged 3–5, 6–8, 9–11, 12–15 and 16–19 years, respectively, p for trend < .001) and with increasing weight status (18.2, 37.6, 50.6 and 64.5% among children with non-overweight, overweight, obesity and extreme obesity, respectively, p for trend < .001). The prevalence was higher in North than in South (24.2 vs. 19.7%, p < .001), and increased markedly from 16.7% during 2009–2015 to 24.8% during 2016–2019. In multivariable regression analyses, sex, age, obesity, region and survey year were independently associated with odds of hyperuricaemia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents is unexpectedly high. The findings suggest an urgent need to implement effective interventions to reduce risk of hyperuricaemia in Chinese youths.

KEY MESSAGES

• Question: What is the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents?
• Findings: In this large pooled cross-sectional study comprising >50,000 children and adolescents aged 3–19 years, we found that the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was high in overall population and subgroups of sex, age, obesity, region and survey year.
• Meaning: Our findings indicate that hyperuricaemia is an important health problem in Chinese children and adolescents, and effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce its burden.

     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值等4项指标对溃疡性结肠炎内镜活动度的判断价值

目的 探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio,NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-lymphocytes ratio,MLR)、C 反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation...     

Effects of Chronic Exposure to Diets Containing Moldy Corn or Moldy Wheat Bran on Growth Performance,Ovarian Follicular Pool,and Oxidative Status of Gilts

Background: We investigated the effect of replacing normal corn (NC) or normal wheat bran (NW) with moldy corn (MC) or moldy wheat bran (MW) on growth, ovarian follicular reserves, and oxidative status. Methods: Sixty-three Landrace × Yorkshire gilts were assigned to seven diets formulated by using MC to replace 0% (control), 25% (25% MC), 50% (50% MC), 75% (75% MC), and 100% NC (100% MC), MW to replace 100% NW (100% MW), and MC and MW to replace 100% NC and 100% NW (100% MC + MW), from postnatal day 110 to day 19 of the second estrous cycle. Results: Feeding the gilts with MC or MW induced a lower average daily gain at days 29–56 of the experiment. Age at puberty remained unchanged, but MC inclusion resulted in a linear decrease in antral follicles with diameter >3.0 mm, and control gilts had a 12.7 more large antral follicles than gilts in the 100% MC + MW treatment. MC inclusion linearly decreased the numbers of primordial follicles, growing follicles, and corpora lutea, associated with a lower anti-Müllerian hormone level in serum and 17β-estradiol level in follicular fluid. MC inclusion decreased the serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its mRNA levels in the liver, combined with higher malondialdehyde concentration and lower total superoxide dismutase activities in serum and liver. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to MC-containing diets caused the loss of follicles, even if levels of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin B1 were below the levels allowed by China and Europe standards.     

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Substance P Mediate Emetic Response Induction by Masked Trichothecene Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside through Ca2+ Signaling

Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing vomiting as a hallmark of food poisoning. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is another emerging food safety issue in recent years. However, the toxicity of D3G is not fully understood compared to DON, especially in emetic potency. The goals of this research were to (1) compare emetic effects to D3G by oral and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and relate emetic effects to brain-gut peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and substance P (SP) in mink; (2) determine the roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in D3G’s emetic effect. Both oral and IP exposure to D3G elicited marked emetic events. This emetic response corresponded to an elevation of GIP and SP. Blocking the GIP receptor (GIPR) diminished emetic response induction by GIP and D3G. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) inhibitor Emend^® restrained the induction of emesis by SP and D3G. Importantly, CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 or TRP channel antagonist ruthenium red dose-dependently inhibited both D3G-induced emesis and brain-gut peptides GIP and SP release; cotreatment with both antagonists additively suppressed both emetic and brain-gut peptide responses to D3G. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that activation of CaSR and TRP channels contributes to D3G-induced emesis by mediating brain-gut peptide exocytosis in mink.