心脏手术病人术前口咽部消毒准备与术后呼吸道感染的相关性

[目的]探讨口咽部术前消毒准备与心脏术后呼吸道感染的关系。[方法]随机将100例心脏手术病人分为安验组与对照组，实验组术前用复方硼砂溶液行口咽部消毒准备，对照组术前只进行一般刷牙漱口．比较两组术后呼吸遣带菌率、发热及咳嗽情况。[结果]两组呼吸道带茵率、发热时间、咳嗽时间及ICU监护时间均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]术前用复方硼砂溶液行口咽部消毒准备较常规的刷牙漱口，能有效地减少心脏术后呼吸道感染的发生率，减轻呼吸道症状。     

压疮病人的护理现状

压疮是临床护士经常遇到并需要处理的伤口之一,其发生率仍然很高.目前,针对压疮的病因、危险因素和致病菌可以采用非药物、药物等进行伤口护理,本文对压疮的有效护理方法进行综述.     

阿伐他汀调节大鼠脊髓损伤后白细胞介素1β及半胱氨酸蛋白酶3基因的表达

目的:观察阿伐他汀对脊髓损伤后SD大鼠白细胞介素1β及半胱氨酸蛋白酶3基因表达的影响。方法:实验于2005-05/09在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院矫形外科实验室完成。选择健康成年雌性SD大鼠78只,随机数字表法分为假手术组6只,阿伐他汀治疗组36只和生理盐水对照组36只,后两组每组又分损伤后1,4,12h,1,3,7d6个时相点,每个时相点6只。阿伐他汀治疗组于损伤前7d开始用阿伐他汀加生理盐水经口给药(5mg/kg,1次/d)直至处死,生理盐水对照组用相同体积的生理盐水代替。采用Allen打击法造成大鼠脊髓损伤,于术后不同时相点取伤段脊髓组织,用反转录-聚合酶链反应分析脊髓受损部位白细胞介素1β及半胱氨酸蛋白酶3mRNA表达。结果:纳入动物78只,均进入结果分析。①阿伐他汀治疗组大鼠脊髓损伤后4h白细胞介素1βmRNA表达(A)低于生理盐水对照组(分别为0.480±0.100,2.610±0.330,P<0.01)。②阿伐他汀治疗组大鼠脊髓损伤后1d半胱氨酸蛋白酶3mRNA表达(A)低于生理盐水对照组(分别为0.589±0.056,0.676±0.072,P<0.05)。结论:阿伐他汀能降低大鼠脊髓损伤后炎性细胞因子白细胞介素1β及半胱氨酸蛋白酶3的基因表达。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发低氧血症病人的观察及护理

冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）是治疗冠心病心肌缺血有效的方法，术后可改善病人的生活质量。通过术后严密的监护及高质量的护理，可预防和减少并发症，降低病死率，提高手术效果。但冠心病多见于老年人，而老年人肺部储备功能有不同程度的减退，如有长期吸烟史、慢性支气管炎、呼吸道潜在感染等因素，术前动脉氧分压多处于正常临界水平，加之麻醉和体外循环对肺部的影响，此类病人术后多发生低氧血症，严重影响机体恢复，甚至导致病人死亡。现将我科12例CABG后并发低氧血症的病人进行观察和护理介绍如下。     

心肌梗死大鼠血管生成过程中血管生成素1及其Tie2受体的表达

目的:通过检测正常心肌组织及心肌梗死后血管生成素1及其受体Tie2受件mRNA的表达水平,探讨其在心肌梗死后的血管新生过程的作用.方法:实验于2006-04/2007-04在北京大学医学部生物化学与分子生物学基因组实验室完成.将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为急性心肌梗死组和假手术组,急性心肌梗死组通过结扎前降支建立心肌梗死模型,假手术组只穿线不结扎.于术后3,7,14,28d旭个时间点,每组取5只处死,取心脏左室裁壁同一部位,提取总RNA,用RT-PCR的力法,以GAPDH基因为内参,进行半定量分析检测正常心脏及梗死后血管生成素Ⅰ及Tie2 mRNA的表达;同时用免疫组化的方法检测各时间点梗死区域以及梗死周边区域血管数量.实验过程中动物处置符台动物伦理学标准.结果:40只大鼠进入结果分析.血管生成素1及Tie2在正常心肌组织中均有所表达.在心肌梗死后的28d内,血管生成素1维持在相对不变的水平,而ne2的表选在心肌梗死后3 d略有升高,于7 d后达顶峰,14 d后恢复正常;急性心肌梗死后7 d,梗死区及梗死周边区域的血管数量均明显增多,并不随时间的延长而改变,维持在同一水平.结论:心肌梗死后Tie2受体的表达上调,与血管生成的时间相吻合,提示其在心肌梗死后的血管生成和稳定过程中起了一定的作用.     

Effect of knock down of spinal cord PSD-93/chapsin-110 on persistent pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant and peripheral nerve injury

PSD-93/chapsin-110 is a neuronal PDZ domain-containing protein that binds to and clusters the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) at synapses in the central nervous system. It also assembles a specific set of signaling proteins around the NMDAR and mediates downstream signaling by the NMDAR. Thus, PSD-93/chapsin-110 might be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological actions triggered via the activation of the NMDAR. In the current study, we report that abundant PSD-93/chapsin-110 protein was detected in rat spinal cord, particularly in the superficial dorsal horn. The rats injected intrathecally with PSD-93/chapsin-110 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide every 24 h for 4 days displayed not only a remarkable decrease in spinal cord PSD-93/chapsin-110 expression but also a significant reduction in the paw withdrawal responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli during complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain and peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. In contrast, the rats injected intrathecally with PSD-93/chapsin-110 missense oligodeoxynucleotide did not exhibit these changes. We also found that pretreatment with PSD-93/chapsin-110 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide did not change the locomotor activity or the responses to acute noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli in intact rats. The present results indicate that the deficiency of spinal cord PSD-93/chapsin-110 protein significantly attenuates thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in complete Freund's adjuvant- or peripheral nerve injury-induced chronic pain. This suggests that spinal cord PSD-93/chapsin-110 might be involved in the central mechanism of chronic pain. Our work might provide a new target for the therapy of chronic pain.     

Correlation between the combination of apparent integrated backscatter–spectral centroid shift and bone mineral density

Purpose

To introduce a new diagnostic parameter: the linear combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift.

Methods

Ultrasonic backscatter measurements were performed at the calcanei of 1262 volunteers in vivo. The hip and spine bone mineral densities of the volunteers were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. The apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift were calculated. A new diagnostic parameter, i.e., the linear combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift, was introduced and its correlation to bone mineral density was analyzed.

Results

The results show that the combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift is significantly correlated to bone mineral density (R = 0.73–0.84, n = 1262, p < 0.05), and that this correlation is more significant than the correlation between the apparent integrated backscatter and bone mineral density or the correlation between spectral centroid shift and bone mineral density (R = 0.48–0.69, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift can provide the complementary information of attenuation of the two parameters and predict more information about cancellous bone, and may be employed to assess cancellous bone status.

     

纳洛酮治疗小婴儿充血性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的探讨纳洛酮对小婴儿肺炎并充血性心力衰竭的治疗作用。方法６４例小婴儿肺炎并充血性心力衰竭病例（３个月内），随机分纳洛酮治疗组３２例和对照组３２例，治疗组在综合治疗的基础上，加用纳洛酮，按每次０．０５～０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ静滴。结果两组症状、体征恢复正常的时间均有显著性差异。治疗组和对照组呼吸频率、心率与肝脏肿大恢复正常的时间分别为１．３９７±０．１３３天比６．９４１±０．７９３天（Ｐ＜０．００１）。治疗组显效１７例，好转１５例，有效率１００％，对照组好转２４例，有效率７５％，两组对比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论纳洛酮有保护心肌、抗心力衰竭的治疗作用。     

危重病人连续性血液净化合并低温的预防及护理

连续性血液净化（continous blood purification，CBP）技术在国内外重症监护病房（ICU）中普遍地得到应用，其临床疗效日益得到肯定。CBP安全易行，但由于它是侵人性治疗，体外循环不可避免地有低温等并发症的出现。本文针对CBP过程中致低温的原因进行预防及有效的护理，取得满意效果。现报告如下。     

Molecular prenatal diagnosis in 2 pregnancies at risk for spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita

BACKGROUND: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, abnormal epiphyses, and flattened vertebral bodies. Secondary prevention of SEDC can be achieved by prenatal diagnosis. Reports of antenatally-diagnosed SEDC fetuses have been very rare and molecular prenatal diagnosis even rarer. We previously reported a familial G504S mutation in the type II collagen (COL2A1) gene resulting in SEDC. In this study, molecular prenatal diagnosis was performed to 2 couples in this family with pregnancies at risk for SEDC. METHODS: Amniotic fluid was sampled by amniocentesis under ultrasound guidance at 19+3 and 18+6 weeks' gestation, respectively. Karyotype and molecular genetic analysis were performed on cultured amniotic fluid cells. Maternal cell contamination was excluded by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Direct DNA sequencing and DHPLC were conducted to detect the potential mutation in exon 23 of COL2A1 gene. Both women underwent serial sonograms because they insisted that the molecular diagnosis should be confirmed by another method, although they had been informed that mutation analysis is predictive of the disease. RESULTS: Karyotype of both fetuses was normal and molecular genetic analysis revealed that fetus 1 carried a G504S mutation in exon 23, while fetus 2 was normal. In case 1, femur length of the fetus was markedly below the 5th centile at 23 weeks' gestation, which confirms the accuracy of molecular diagnosis. A medical termination was carried out at 27+5 weeks' gestation and a male fetus with a relatively large head and short limbs was delivered. The fetal radiograph demonstrated a number of features, including generalised platyspondyly, absent ossification of the vertebral bodies in the cervical region and significant shortening of the long bones. The diagnosis of SEDC was thus confirmed clinically. Ultrasound monitoring of fetus 2 showed that its femur length was normal for gestational age at repeated scans, which was consistent with the molecular diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular analysis allows early and accurate prenatal diagnosis for SEDC once mutation is known in a family. However, considering the poor genotype/phenotype correlation in many cases of SEDC, the combination of ultrasound as well as molecular genetic approach might be needed.