Dose evaluation of boron neutron capture synovectomy using the THOR epithermal neutron beam: a feasibility study

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common epidemic diseases in the world. For some patients, the treatment with steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not effective, thus necessitating physical removal of the inflamed synovium. Alternative approaches other than surgery will provide appropriate disease control and improve the patient's quality of life. In this research, we evaluated the feasibility of conducting boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) with the Tsing Hua open-pool reactor (THOR) as a neutron source. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with arthritic joint models and uncertainties were within 5%. The collimator, reflector and boron concentration were optimized to reduce the treatment time and normal tissue doses. For the knee joint, polyethylene with 40%-enriched Li(2)CO(3) was used as the collimator material, and a rear reflector of 15 cm thick graphite and side reflector of 10 cm thick graphite were chosen. The optimized treatment time was 5.4 min for the parallel-opposed irradiation. For the finger joint, polymethyl methacrylate was used as the reflector material. The treatment time can be reduced to 3.1 min, while skin and bone doses can be effectively reduced by approximately 9% compared with treatment using the graphite reflector. We conclude that using THOR as a treatment modality for BNCS could be a feasible alternative in clinical practice.     

多学科协作联合集束化管理对ICU多重耐药菌感染预防的效果

目的探讨多学科协作(MDT)联合集束化管理对综合重症监护病房(ICU)多重耐药菌(MDROs)感染防控的效果。方法选取2013年1月—2015年12月某三甲医院ICU住院患者为研究对象,自2014年1月开始将MDT联合集束化管理用于ICU MDROs感染的防控,并在实施1年后进行持续质量改进,比较实施前(2013年)、实施后(2014年)和持续改进后(2015年)ICU住院患者送检标本MDROs检出情况。结果实施前、实施后和持续改进后ICU患者中MDROs感染率分别为26.55%(154/580)、17.13%(117/683)、12.01%(77/641),呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=44.030,P0.001);ICU患者MDROs总检出率分别为64.44%(154/239)、63.59%(117/184)、43.26%(77/178),有降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.284,P0.001)。ICU主要MDROs为多重耐药/泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(MDR/PDR-AB,占44.54%)。结论 MDT联合集束化管理有助于降低ICU MDROs的感染率和检出率。     

临床分离沙门菌的耐药性及超广谱β-内酰胺酶类耐药基因

目的研究北京地区2012—2015年沙门菌临床分离株的血清型分布、耐药状况及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)耐药基因特征。方法采用最小抑菌浓度法测定北京市肠道门诊分离的677株沙门菌株对16种抗菌药物的耐药情况,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法对244株β-内酰胺酶类耐药菌株进行耐药基因检测。结果677株沙门菌分为68种血清型,其中肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和山夫登堡沙门菌位居前3位。沙门菌对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率分别为42.54%、40.77%,至少耐3种以上抗菌药物的菌株占57.16%。244株对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药的沙门菌,携带至少一种ESBLs基因的菌株174株(71.31%),146株bla_(TEM-1)型,30株bla_(OXA-1)型,18株bla_(CTX-M)型(其中7株bla_(CTX-M-15),6株bla_(CTX-M-55)和5株bla_(CTX-M-14));20株同时携带2种耐药基因。结论该地区沙门菌携带ESBLs耐药基因水平较高,以bla_(TEM-1)为主,同时伴有bla_(OXA-1)和3种bla_(CTX-M)基因亚型,呈现基因多样性。     

北京市8所综合性医院手卫生隐蔽式调查分析

目的尝试在直接观察法的基础上设计隐蔽式调查方案控制偏倚,以真实地评估医院医务人员手卫生依从性。方法 2016年6月对北京市8所综合性医院医务人员手卫生依从性进行隐蔽式调查,获取手卫生依从性及正确性的数据,对数据进行统计、直接标化,并与2015年通过直接观察法所获得的手卫生监测数据进行比较。结果 2016年医院医务人员手卫生依从率为58.04%,正确率为88.68%。经直接标化后,ICU手卫生依从率最高(81.29%),急诊科手卫生正确率最高(93.29%),神经内科手卫生依从率及正确率均最低(42.97%和82.35%);护士手卫生依从率及正确率均最高(69.02%和92.84%),保洁员手卫生依从率及正确率均最低(37.25%和71.59%);接触患者后手卫生依从率最高(71.79%)、正确率最低(88.76%),清洁/无菌操作前手卫生依从率最低(43.08%)、正确率最高(93.50%)。隐蔽式调查法所获得医务人员手卫生依从率均低于直接观察法(均P0.05),正确率的差异程度不同。结论手卫生依从性在科室、人员、指征的分布中存在差异,需加强对手卫生重点环节的干预。采用普通直接观察法对手卫生依从性的调查结果存在一定的偏倚,手卫生调查方法有待完善。     

2011-2017年孕妇生殖道无乳链球菌检出及其耐药性变化

目的了解某地区孕妇生殖道无乳链球菌的感染及其耐药状况,为临床诊断与治疗提供依据。方法收集2011年1月—2017年12月广东省人民医院产科病区及门诊孕妇送检的生殖道分泌物培养的结果,比较分析各年份无乳链球菌检出情况及耐药率变化趋势。结果共送检31 569份生殖道分泌物标本,检出病原菌1 940株,其中无乳链球菌591株,占30.46%。无乳链球菌在生殖道分泌物标本中的检出率为1.87%;2011—2017年无乳链球菌药敏结果中,未发现对青霉素、氨苄西林、奎奴普丁/达福普汀、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁、万古霉素耐药菌株;对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、克林霉素、红霉素的耐药率较高,分别为19.80%～28.97%、19.80%～28.95%、26.73%～39.29%、44.05%～66.34%;对四环素的耐药率最高,为80.37%～94.29%,但有逐年下降的趋势（P＜0.05）。结论无乳链球菌为孕妇生殖道感染的主要病原菌,分析其耐药性,合理、规范的使用抗菌药物,可减少孕妇及新生儿无乳链球菌感染的发生。     

百部止咳糖浆的质量标准研究

目的 建立百部止咳糖浆的质量标准。方法 采用TLC法对百部、桔梗进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对橘红的有效成分橙皮苷进行定量测定,采用Waters Symmetry C₁₈柱,流动相为乙腈-水（18：82）,检测波长为284 nm。结果 薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性样品无干扰。橙皮苷在0.066 9~1.672 5 μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为96.6%。结论 本实验建立的方法简便、重复性好,可作为百部止咳糖浆的质量控制标准。     

神经内镜微创与开颅微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效比较

目的 探讨神经内镜微创与开颅微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效.方法 选择2013年5月-2016年4月在潍坊医学院附属医院神经外科住院行颅内血肿清除术的符合入选标准的脑出血患者86例,按照手术治疗方式的不同,分为神经内镜微创治疗组(内镜组)以及开颅微创血肿清除术组(开颅组),比较两组患者的围手术期情况以及术后半年的GOS预后评分.结果 内镜组的手术时间以及术中出血量显著少于开颅组(P<0.05).内镜组的血肿清除率显著高于开颅组(P<0.05).内镜组的术后再出血率低于开颅组.两组患者消化道出血、尿路感染以及下肢深静脉血栓形成等术后并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),内镜组的术后肺部感染发生例数显著低于开颅组(P<0.05).内镜组半年后GOS预后评分显著优于开颅组(P<0.05).结论 神经内镜微创治疗能显著减少高血压脑出血患者手术时间、术中出血量以及术后并发症,提高血肿清除率,有助于患者的预后.     

血管因素与血管性认知功能损伤及痴呆

血管因素是诱导阿尔茨海默病等认知功能损伤的独立危险因素,其与认知功能损伤的相关机制复杂。针对导致认知功能损伤的相关血管因素进行深入研究,发现可干预治疗认知功能损伤的血管相关因素是目前干预痴呆进展的研究热点。血管损伤、缺血性卒中、免疫系统的激活、脑软膜的侧支循环、遗传和环境因素等是与血管性认知功能损伤相关的重要因素;另外基因突变、脂质代谢紊乱、血脑屏障等方面的进展,为发展新药物治疗认知功能损伤提供新的方向和措施。该文将总结血管因素在认知障碍中的相关机制及研究进展。     

The intraocular staining potential of anthocyanins and their retinal biocompatibility: a preclinical study

Purpose: To perform preclinical studies to determine the efficacy and safety of anthocyanins as stains for the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the eye.

Materials and methods: Cyanidin (Cya), delphinidin (Del), luteolinidin (Lut), peonidin (Peo) and pelargonidin (Pel) were evaluated. These natural dyes were used to stain the lens capsule and ILM of pig eyes. The effects of these dyes on retinal cell viability was determined using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay, and oxidative stress was measured in vitro. Histopathology, in situ TUNEL labelling, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and electroretinography (ERG) were performed on rats following the intravitreal and subretinal injection of the neuroprotective dyes.

Results: All anthocyanins stained the lens capsule and ILM of the pigs at a concentration of 1?mg/ml. Del, Lut and Peo were non-toxic and produced survival rates in the ARPE19 and RGC5 cells that were similar to those in control cells. We treated eyes with H₂O₂ and three dyes (Del, Lut, and Peo) to explore the possible neuroprotective effects and observed significantly higher survival rates in the ARPE19 cells treated with Del, Lut or Peo and the RGC5 cells treated with Lut or Peo than those in the control cells. Three dyes were intravitreally and subretinally injected into rats in vivo, and the histology showed mildly disorganized retinal cell layers. TUNEL staining and TEM examinations did not reveal additional toxic effects. Rat ERGs were not altered after intravitreal injections.

Conclusions: This preclinical study, Del, Lut, and Peo show potential as staining agents and warrant further investigation as vital dyes.