激光周边虹膜成形术治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼的疗效观察

目的观察激光周边虹膜成形术治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼的安全性和有效性。方法高褶虹膜型青光眼患者30例52只眼,首先药物降压,然后行氪激光周边虹膜成形术,超声生物显微镜激光治疗前后测量的房角开放度数。结果术前、术后1周、术后2和6个月患者的眼压分别为(22.8±3.2)、(15.6±1.7)、(16.6±2.1)和(17.2±2.3)mmhg。术前与术后各时间段眼压比较差异均具有显著意义(P<0.05)。各部位房角开放度:术前鼻侧(11.76±4.51)°,下方(7.74±6.75)°,颞侧(9.81±6.94)°,上方(5.93±4.66)°;术后2周鼻侧(19.67±7.59)°,下方(13.80±7.61)°,颞侧(16.67±7.26)°,上方(12.30±8.24)°;术后6个月鼻侧(16.94±6.95)°,下方(11.38±5.71)°,颞侧(11.38±5.71)°,上方(10.23±6.23)°。激光术后2周及6个月各部位房角开放度数与术前比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。术前、术后1周中央前房深度分别为(2.10±0.37)、(2.26±0.42)mm,术前与术后比较差异没有显著意义(P>0.05);术前、术后1周周边前房深度分别为(0.91±0.22)、(1.11±0.18)mm,术前与术后比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。所有病例术后患眼眼压被控制,没有出现反应性的眼压升高、前房炎症反应,出血、虹膜局部色素脱失、沉着及虹膜萎缩等激光的副损伤。结论氪激光周边虹膜成形术对于房角尚未发生粘连的单纯虹膜肥厚的高褶虹膜型青光眼一种安全有效的方法,能有效加深患者房角及周边前房深度。     

Estimates of the Population Prevalence of Injection Drug Users among Hispanic Residents of Large US Metropolitan Areas

Little information exists on the population prevalence or geographic distribution of injection drug users (IDUs) who are Hispanic in the USA. Here, we present yearly estimates of IDU population prevalence among Hispanic residents of the 96 most populated US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for 1992–2002. First, yearly estimates of the proportion of IDUs who were Hispanic in each MSA were created by combining data on (1) IDUs receiving drug treatment services in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)’s Treatment Entry Data System, (2) IDUs being tested in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV-Counseling and Testing System, and (3) incident AIDS diagnoses among IDUs, supplemented by (4) data on IDUs who were living with AIDS. Then, the resulting proportions were multiplied by published yearly estimates of the number of IDUs of all racial/ethnic groups in each MSA to produce Hispanic IDU population estimates. These were divided by Hispanic population data to produce population prevalence rates. Time trends were tested using mixed-effects regression models. Hispanic IDU prevalence declined significantly on average (1992 mean = 192, median = 133; 2002 mean = 144, median = 93; units are per 10,000 Hispanics aged 15–64). The highest prevalence rates across time tended to be in smaller northeastern MSAs. Comparing the last three study years to the first three, prevalence decreased in 82% of MSAs and increased in 18%. Comparisons with data on drug-related mortality and hepatitis C mortality supported the validity of the estimates. Generally, estimates of Hispanic IDU population prevalence were higher than published estimates for non-Hispanic White residents and lower than published estimates for non-Hispanic Black residents. Further analysis indicated that the proportion of IDUs that was Hispanic decreased in 52% and increased in 48% of MSAs between 2002 and 2007. The estimates resulting from this study can be used to investigate MSA-level social and economic factors that may have contributed to variations across MSAs and to help guide prevention program planning for Hispanic IDUs within MSAs. Future research should attempt to determine to what extent these trends are applicable to Hispanic national origin subgroups.     

Epidemiologic background of blood donors with antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus. Transfusion Safety Study Group

We interviewed 51 blood donors in four major US metropolitan areas subsequently found to have had antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus (anti-HTLV) in late 1984-early 1985. Sixteen donors (31%) reported that they or a sexual contact had a history of blood transfusion. Twelve donors (24%) reported that they or a sexual contact used intravenous drugs. Ten donors (20%) were blacks born in the southeastern US. Four of the male donors (15%) reported homosexual contact. The most common characteristic was an association with Japan or the Caribbean basin (61%). These results show a broader variation of epidemiologic backgrounds than anticipated.     

Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal cortex of primates: anterior cingulate cortex

We describe intracranial local field potentials (LFP) recorded in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of macaque monkeys performing a saccade countermanding task. The most prominent feature at approximately 70% of sites was greater negative polarity after errors than after rewarded correct trials. This negative polarity was also evoked in unrewarded correct trials. The LFP evoked by the visual target was much less polarized, and the weak presaccadic modulation was insufficient to control the initiation of saccades. When saccades were cancelled, LFP modulation decreased slightly with the magnitude of response conflict that corresponds to the coactivation of gaze-shifting and -holding neurons estimated from the probability of canceling. However, response time adjustments on subsequent trials were not correlated with LFP polarity on individual trials. The results provide clear evidence that error- and feedback-related, but not conflict-related, signals are carried by the LFP in the macaque ACC. Finding performance monitoring field potentials in the ACC of macaque monkeys establishes a bridge between event-related potential and functional brain-imaging studies in humans and neurophysiology studies in non-human primates.     

miR-95与胃癌细胞洛铂 敏感性的关系及 作用机制研究

目的：探讨miR-95与胃癌细胞洛铂敏感性的关系及作用机制。方法：收集30例手术切除的胃癌组织及癌旁组织标本,实时定量PCR（qPCR）法检测组织中miR-95的表达情况,CCK-8法检测洛铂对胃癌组织细胞的体外抑制率。采用miR-95抑制物（anti-miR-95）和miR-95模拟物（miR-95 mimics）分别转染人胃癌细胞株SGC7901,检测转染前后细胞对洛铂敏感性的变化;采用qPCR及Western blot法检测细胞耐药相关基因MDR1、GST-π、LRP、Survivin、xIAP、Bad mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果：qPCR检测结果显示,30例胃癌组织miR-95的相对表达水平（0.106±0.023）显著高于癌旁组织（0.046±0.025）（P < 0.05）。以miR-95表达均值为界将胃癌组织分为miR-95高表达组17例,低表达组13例。洛铂对miR-95表达水平高的胃癌细胞的抑制率低于miR-95低水平者（P < 0.05）。anti-miR-95转染后,SGC7901细胞对洛铂的敏感性明显增高（P < 0.01）,耐药相关基因MDR1、Survivin、xIAP mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低（P < 0.05）,而Bad mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显增高（P < 0.05）。miR-95 mimics转染后,洛铂对SGC7901细胞的抑制率明显增加（P < 0.01）,耐药相关基因MDR1、Survivin、xIAP mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高（P < 0.05）,而Bad mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低（P < 0.05）。结论：miR-95通过调节一些耐药基因的表达影响胃癌组织和细胞对洛铂的敏感性。     

Lutein/zeaxanthin isomers regulate neurotrophic factors and synaptic plasticity in trained rats

Background/aim This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin isomers (L/Zi) on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, NF-κB/Nrf2 pathways, and synaptic plasticity proteins in trained rats.Materials and methods Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: 1) control, 2) L/Zi: rats received L/Zi at the dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage, 3) exercise, 4) exercise+L/Zi: rats exercised and received L/Zi (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. The duration of the study was eight weeks. Results Exercise combined with L/Zi reduced lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant enzyme activities of muscle and cerebral cortex in rats (p < 0.001). In the Exercise + L/Zi group, muscle and cerebral cortex Nrf2 and HO-1 levels increased, while NF-κB levels decreased (p <0.001). Also, L/Zi improved BDNF, synapsin I, SYP, and GAP-43 levels of the cerebral cortex of trained rats (p < 0.001). The highest levels of BDNF, synapsin SYP, and GAP-43 in the cerebral cortex were determined in the Exercise+L/Zi group.Conclusion These results suggested that exercise combined with L/Zi supplementation might be effective to reduce neurodegeneration via improving neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins, and oxidative capacity in the cerebral cortex.     

Evaluation of systemic involvement of Coronavirus disease 2019 through spleen; size and texture analysis

Background/aimTo investigate the changes in the spleen size, parenchymal heterogeneity, and computed tomography (CT) texture analysis features of patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Materials and methodsThe size and parenchymal structure of the spleen in 91 patients who underwent thoracic CT examination due to COVID-19 were evaluated. For the evaluation of parenchymal heterogeneity, CT texture analysis was performed using dedicated software (Olea Medical, France). The texture analysis of each case consisted of 15 first-order intensity-based features, 17 gray level co-occurrence matrix-based features, and 9 gray level run length matrix-based features.ResultsA total of 91 patients (45 males, 46 females) with a mean age of 54.31 ± 16.33 years (range: 18–81) were included in the study. A statistically significant decrease in spleen size was seen in the follow-up CT examinations (p < 0.001) whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the Hounsfield unit (HU) values. The radiomics consisted of first-order intensity-based features such as 90th percentile, maximum, interquartile range, range, mean absolute deviation, standard deviation, and variance, all of which showed statistically significant differences (p - values: < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). “Correlation” as a gray level co-occurrence matrix-based feature and “gray level nonuniformity” as a gray level run length matrix-based feature showed statistically differences (p-values: 0.033 and < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough COVID-19 manifests with lung involvement in the early stage, it can also cause systemic involvement, and the spleen may be one of its target organs. A decrease in the spleen size and parenchymal microstructure changes can be observed in the short follow-up time. It is hoped that the changes in the parenchymal microstructure will be demonstrated by a noninvasive method: texture analysis.