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151.
152.
Risk status at discharge and cause of death for postneonatal infant deaths: a total population study
A Kempe PH Wise NS Wampler FS Cole H Wallace C Dickinson H Rinehart DC Lezotte B Beaty 《Pediatrics》1997,99(3):338-344
OBJECTIVES: To obtain population-based, clinical information regarding potentially modifiable factors contributing to death during the postneonatal period (28 to 364 days), we examined all postneonatal infant deaths in four areas of the United States to determine: (1) the cause of death from clinical and autopsy data rather than vital statistics, (2) whether death occurred during initial hospitalization or after discharge, and (3) the portion of postneonatal mortality attributable to infants who left the hospital with identified high-risk medical conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective medical record review of all postneonatal infant deaths with birth weights greater than 500 g (total N = 386) born to mothers residing in: (1) the city of Boston (1984 and 1985, N = 55), (2) the city of St Louis and contiguous areas (1985 and 1986, N = 123), (3) San Diego County (1985, N = 112), and (4) the state of Maine (1984 and 1985, N = 96). Deaths were identified using linked birth and death vital statistics, and medical record audits of infants' and mothers' charts were performed. Causes of death were obtained from medical record review in conjunction with autopsy if performed (72%, N = 278), medical record alone (17%, N = 67), or vital statistics if no other source was available (11%, N = 41). The medical conditions at the time of discharge for each infant were reviewed and, if judged to confer an increased risk of morbidity or mortality, were classified as high risk. RESULTS: The causes of death were sudden infant death syndrome (47%, N = 181), congenital conditions (20%, N = 77), prematurity-related conditions (11%, N = 43), infections (9%, N = 34), external causes (including injuries, drownings, ingestions, and burns) (7%, N = 25), and other (6%, N = 23). In 24% of congenital and 25% to 44% of prematurity-related deaths, infection was the acute or associated cause of death. Infants born to black mothers were more likely than those born to white mothers to die during the postneonatal period of all major causes of death (7.3 per 1000 vs 3.0 per 1000). Overall, 18% (N = 68) of deaths occurred to infants who never left the hospital; 79% (N = 305) of the infants were discharged before death; and discharge status was unknown in 3% (N = 13). Eighty-one percent of all infants with prematurity-related postneonatal deaths were never discharged, and of the total infants who were initially discharged, only 1% (N = 4) subsequently died of prematurity-related causes. Of all postneonatal deaths, only 16% (N = 62) left the hospital with identified high-risk medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the etiology of postneonatal mortality is heterogeneous, with significant complexity in attributing specific causes of death and making designations of "preventability." The vast majority of infants who died of prematurity-related postneonatal causes never left the hospital, and only a small percentage of all infants that left the hospital before death were identified as being at high medical risk. Therefore, strategies for further decreasing postneonatal mortality must link high-risk follow-up programs to more comprehensive strategies that address risk throughout pregnancy and early childhood. 相似文献
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The ability of three ultrasound (US) parameters--echogenicity, texture, and through transmission--to predict fetal lung maturity was tested in 59 patients using currently available clinical US equipment. The chi square test was used to determine whether there was an association between any single parameter and a "mature" lecithin/sphingomyelin (LS) ratio or specific phosphatidycholine (SPC). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the combined ability of these three parameters and gestational age to predict LS ratio and SPC. There was no correlation between fetal lung maturity, as determined by mature LS and SPC indices, and the US parameters tested using unmodified clinical equipment. 相似文献
156.
DC Tormey MD PhD J C Kline MD M Palta PhD T E Davis MD R R Love MD MS P P Carbone MD 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1985,5(2):177-188
Summary Twenty-three patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were induced with a complex systemic therapy regimen in an attempt to ascertain if a complete remission rate >50% could be obtained with intensive drug exposure. The durability of the remissions was observed by discontinuing therapy after 3 cycles in complete remission or after 6 cycles of treatment, whichever was longer. In 13 patients consolidation radiation therapy to the pre-treatment sites of disease was administered after discontinuing systemic therapy. Each 28 day cycle of the drug regimen consisted of pulses of adriamycin, vincristine, dibromodulcitol, prednisone, methotrexate with leukovorin rescue, hexamethylmelamine, bleomycin (discontinued after entry #17), fluoxymesterone, and tamoxifen. Eighteen of the 23 patients achieved complete remissions (78%) and 3 had partial remissions. The median times to treatment failure and survival were, respectively, 12.3 and 19.4 mos. The times for complete remission patients were, respectively, 13.5 and 23.9 mos. Consolidation radiotherapy at 40 Gy to drug induced pre-study sites of complete remission was associated with first relapses at prestudy sites in 5/30 (17%) instances, compared to 21/35 (60%) in sites not receiving radiotherapy. Side-effects were commensurate with the intensity of the treatment program and are detailed in the text. Although the achievement of a high complete remission rate is promising, the failure to extend their duration beyond that of historical data suggests that additional conceptual and therapeutic approaches need to be explored.Supported in part by NIH Grants PO1-CA 20432 and P30-CA 14520 awarded to the Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center.This data was presented in part at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Meeting in 1981. 相似文献
157.
Red cell collection by apheresis technology 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D Meyer ; DC Bolgiano ; M Sayers ; T Price ; D Benson ; SJ Slichter 《Transfusion》1993,33(10):819-824
To determine the feasibility of collecting 2 units (450 mL) of red cells per donation by apheresis technology, apheresis red cell collections were compared to whole-blood donations. Forty blood donors were equally divided between the two study arms on the basis of gender and iron supplementation (650 mg ferrous gluconate/day vs. no supplementation). During the 1-year study period, the apheresis participants donated 450 mL of red cells three times, and the whole- blood donors gave 225 mL of red cells (1 unit of blood) on six occasions. There were no reported side effects during the 102 whole- blood donations, whereas symptoms were noted in 83 percent of the 59 apheresis procedures. The most common symptoms were numbness and tingling, which were relieved by a decrease in the plasma-return rate or by the administration of oral calcium supplements. Seven donors dropped out or were deferred during the study. Two whole-blood donors left with medical problems unrelated to the study, one apheresis donor and one whole-blood donor dropped out of the study because of excessive fatigue, and three non-iron-supplemented whole-blood donors had unacceptably low hematocrit levels. By the end of the study, 70 percent of the apheresis donors considered the procedure acceptable, 15 percent were undecided, and 15 percent thought it was not acceptable. As measures of iron balance, the serum ferritin and the red cell zinc protoporphyrin:heme ratios were significantly more abnormal in the non- iron-supplemented donors than in the iron-supplemented donors. However, there were no differences in iron balance according to the donation method. 相似文献
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Epstein-Barr virus associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorders following bone marrow transplantation 总被引:20,自引:7,他引:20
Shapiro RS; McClain K; Frizzera G; Gajl-Peczalska KJ; Kersey JH; Blazar BR; Arthur DC; Patton DF; Greenberg JS; Burke B 《Blood》1988,71(5):1234-1243
B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPD) developed in eight patients following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukemia (five patients) or immunodeficiency (three patients). Recipients of T depleted marrow from a mismatched donor were at particularly high risk of this complication. Six of 25 (24%) recipients of mismatched T depleted bone marrow developed BLPD. In contrast, none of 47 matched T depleted transplants, one of ten (10%) who received non-depleted marrow from an unrelated donor, and only one of 424 matched non-depleted transplants were associated with BLPD. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific serology and DNA hybridization studies demonstrating five to 50 copies of EBV genome/cell in involved tissues implicate this virus as an associated etiologic agent. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and cytogenetic analysis of involved tissue demonstrated donor origin (five of seven) or host origin (two of seven). Histologic appearance was similar to EBV-induced polymorphic B cell proliferations described following solid organ transplantation, or which occur de novo in primary immunodeficiency. Six of seven patients with adequate tissue available for study were found to have monoclonal proliferations by: in situ immunofluorescence (six of seven), and/or immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, (four of six). Cytogenetic analysis of involved tissues from four patients showed a normal karyotype, whereas two had multiple clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Seven patients died despite aggressive attempts at therapy with combinations of antiviral, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic agents. 相似文献