感音神经性聋儿多频稳态诱发电位及短纯音听性脑干反应与行为测听的相关性

目的 比较多频稳态诱发电位（MASSR）、短纯音听性脑干反应（Tb—ABR）与感音神经性聋儿行为测试听阈的差值．研究MASSR和Tb—ABR反应阈与行为听阈之间是否存在相关性以及在不同听力损失聋儿、不同的频率之间的差异。方法 对60名感音神经性聋儿分别测试MASSR和Tb—ABR反应阈和行为听阈，评价MASSR反应阈、Tb—ABR反应阈与行为听阈的相关性。结果 MASSR反应阈、Tb—ABR反应阈和行为听阈之间均有较高的相关性。二者在频率为2、4kHz时，对行为听阈的预测具有相似的、较高的准确性；但在频率为0．5、1kHz时，MASSR的准确性较Tb—ABR高。结论 MASSR和Tb—ABR均可用作感音神经性聋儿言语频率客观听阈的预测，为低龄儿童及难以检测行为听力的患儿提供诊断依据。     

婴幼儿血管环合并先天性气管狭窄的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨血管环合并先天性气管狭窄的手术方式,以降低手术风险.方法 回顾性分析通过CT影像学检查、纤维支气管镜、彩色多普勒超声心动图等明确诊断的血管环患儿53例,年龄5.0 d～2.5岁,中位年龄12.5个月,包括肺动脉吊带,双主动脉弓,右弓合并异常左锁骨下动脉,无名动脉压迫等.其中12例(男8例,女4例)伴气管狭窄症状.患儿均行手术治疗,8例死亡,出院病例随访3～5年,间隔时间6个月.结果 53例患儿分为2组.41例(男25例,女16例)无气管狭窄的患儿行血管环矫治,3例死亡,病死率为7.3％.12例(男8例,女4例)血管环合并气管狭窄患儿,其中7例行选择性血管环矫治,2例死亡;5例行血管环矫治+气管狭窄修补,3例死亡,病死率为41.7％.41例无气管狭窄的病例中,7例有心内畸形,2例死亡.12例合并气管狭窄的患儿,3例存在心内畸形,2例死亡;5例行心脏及气管联合手术,3例死亡,7例行选择性血管环修补,2例死亡.结论 血管环合并气管狭窄的患儿,并不均需要同时矫治血管环及气管狭窄.气管狭窄、合并心内畸形均增加了血管环患儿的手术风险,对此类患儿需制订个体化的治疗方案.     

Culturing of human placental macrophages

Cells were isolated by successive dissociation of human placenta in dispase and collagenase solutions and separated by centrifugation in Ficoll-Verografin gradient. Cell suspension was enriched with macrophages by adhesion to plastic followed by washing with RPMI-1640. Isolated placental macrophages can be cultured for a long time. Cell culture homogeniety assessed by various methods was equal or exceeded 95%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 579–582, May, 1998     

不同低出生体重儿听力损失相关因素分析

目的探讨不同低出生体重儿听力损失及损失程度与出生体重、胎龄的关系。方法应用听性脑干诱发电位对不同低出生体重儿进行听力测试,以单侧耳Ⅴ波反应阈>30dBnHL者作为2～4kHz范围内听力损失指标。结果测试不同低出生体重儿246名,听力损失63名。<1000g超极低出生体重儿3例,听力损失发生率100%;<1500g的极低出生体重儿46例,其听力损失发生18例(39.1%);<2500g的低出生体重儿197人,其听力损失发生42人(21.3%),不同出生体重发生听力损失差异显著(P<0.001)。其中中～重度10例,极重度2例,且出生体重与听力损失程度呈负相关,出生体重越轻,听力损失越重(r=0.378P=0.002)。胎龄<30周的早产儿3例,均有听力损失发生;胎龄30～34周的早产儿47例,听力损失22人(46.8%);胎龄34～37周的早产儿共171人,听力损失发生30人(17.5%);胎龄>37周的足月小样儿25例,听力损失发生8例(32%),不同胎龄患儿发生听力损失差异显著(P<0.001)。结论不同低出生体重儿是听力损失的高发人群,听力损失与不同低出生体重、胎龄有明显的关系,听力损失程度与出生体重呈显著负相关。足月小样儿是独立的高危因素。     

Intraprostatic injection of 96% ethanol in experimental animal model

Transurethral intraprostatic injection of ethanol (IIE) is a new low-invasive method in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We made dog and rat experiments to prove safety and efficacy of IIE. The experiment was made on 10 rats and 10 dogs injected transurethrally (Prostaject device) with 96% ethyl alcohol in 10% volume of estimated volume of the prostate. The injection was followed by measurement of blood alcohol, the test for hemolysis. Transurethral ultrasound control of prostate size 1, 3 and 6 months after the injection and histological examinations 1, 3, 7, 14 days and 1, 3 and 6 months after the injection were made. It was found that blood alcohol after the above injection was not elevated. Necrosis was documented in all the cases but subsequently the necrotic site was replaced with sclerotic tissue. The necrosis involved only the prostatic capsule. The size of the prostate diminished by 29%. Thus, transurethral injection of ethyl alcohol (10% of prostate size) is safe and effective in achievement of prostatic gland ablation. Therefore, clinical trials of the method in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia are justified.     

Microcirculation in hypertension

Changes of microcirculatory vascular bed play important role in pathogenesis of essential hypertension. All components of the system of microcirculation including vessels and circulating blood are involved into pathological process. Resistance to blood flow is mostly formed in this system. Resistance depends on length, diameter of microvessels and viscosity of blood. In the process of the disease development the following signs of remodeling at the level of microcirculation emerge: decrease of density of vasculature, modification of the media/lumen ratio, increase of blood viscosity, slowing of angiogenesis, impairment of endothelial function. These phenomena can be both cause and consequence of hypertensive disease. Their heterogeneity depends on a variety of factors (duration, stage of the disease, etc.). It seems feasible to differentiate therapy in accordance with character and severity of changes in the system of microcirculation.     

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a clinical variant of ascites-peritonitis: diagnosis and treatment

The lecture deals with diagnosis, prevention and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The choice of treatment groups is described according to recommendations of the International Ascitis Club (IAC). Algorithm of SBP examination for different SBP forms, the disease course characteristics and factors of prognosis are provided.