Sudden cervical pain: spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma

Three cases of cervical epidural hematoma are reported. Acute neck pain usually associated with a mild effort, closely followed by radicular pain and a neurologic deficit below the lesion is the typical presentation of this extremely rare and difficult diagnosis. As prognosis depends on preoperative neurologic state, the authors emphasize the importance of prompt identification of this lesion. The diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography, and emergency neurosurgical laminectomy is mandatory.     

Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of clonazepam and alprazolam for panic disorder

To test the reported antipanic efficacy of clonazepam, the authors randomized 72 subjects with panic disorder to 6 weeks of treatment with either alprazolam, clonazepam, or placebo. Endpoint analysis demonstrated a significant beneficial effect of both active treatments, but not placebo treatment, on the frequency of panic attacks, overall phobia ratings, and the extent of disability. Comparison of the two active treatments revealed no significant differences and no consistent tendency for one agent to be favored over another, although power to detect small differences was limited. Sedation and ataxia were the most common side effects reported, but these effects were mild and transient and did not interfere with treatment outcome. The results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial are consistent with previous reports of clonazepam's antipanic efficacy.     

Are haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters predictors of preeclampsia in pregnancy-associated hypertension?

The plasma levels of several haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters were measured before and after delivery in 61 hypertensive pregnant women of whom 22 developed preeclampsia, and compared to the results obtained in 42 normal pregnant women. In the two last weeks before delivery (D less than or equal to -15) tPA antigen, PAI-1 activity, vWF:Ag/FVIII:C ratio, ATIII activity and platelet count were found to be significantly different in the hypertensive pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Combined all together, an association of three of these five parameters were found to be pathological (i.e.:tPA:Ag greater than or equal to 19 ng/ml, PAI-1 activity greater than or equal to 58 IU/ml, vWF:Ag/FVIII:C ratio greater than or equal to 2.6, ATIII activity less than or equal to 73%) in none of the hypertensive women without preeclampsia and in only 35% of the preeclamptic group. A positive correlation was demonstrated between vWF:Ag/FVIII:C ratio and tPA:antigen levels suggesting that both tPA and vWF:Ag could be considered as early indicators of a possible micro angiopathy occurring in preeclampsia. However, due to the high dispersion of the results, it appears that the investigated haemostatic and/or fibrinolytic criteria give only presumptive arguments before assigning risk for preeclampsia development among hypertensive pregnant women.     

X chromosome instability associated with familial Turner syndrome

A family with two members (two generations) exhibiting Turner syndrome is described. Cytogenetic studies on these individuals showed the presence of multiple X chromosome changes. Evidence is presented to show that the maternally inherited X chromosome is the chromosome involved in the structural alterations observed. The effect of a tendency of the maternal X chromosome to break at specific sites on the development of the Turner phenotype and abnormal karyology is discussed.     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of human mitochondrial DNA in a sample population from Apulia (Southern Italy)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of human mitochondrial DNA was analysed in a sample of 87 subjects from Apulia (South Italy) by the restriction enzymes Hpa I, Bam HI, Hae II, Msp I, Ava II, and Hinc II using total blood cell DNA probed by human mtDNA from placenta. Five BamHI morphs were observed, two of which are new ( Bam HI-4 and -5), as well as one new Ava II morph ( Ava II-28). The association Bam HI-4/ Ava II-28 enables us to demonstrate for the first time two polymorphic Bam HI sites present together in the same mtDNA molecule. In agreement with historical data the Apulian sample has been shown to be the most heterogeneous Italian population so far tested.     

Effect of desympathization on repair of the resected thyroid gland in adult rats

Department of Biology, Izhevsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 353–356, March, 1989.     

Antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Eugenia uniflora Linn. (Synonym Stenocalyx michelli Linn.) Myrtaceae

The aqueous, organic, and volatile oil extracts of leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn. Family Myrtaceae were investigated for antibacterial properties using agar dilution techniques. The aqueous extract was the most active against the organisms compared to the organic and volatile oil extracts. The extracts were found to inhibit Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentcriae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniac, and Salmonella typhi were not inhibited.     

Effect of bacterial purified antigenic fractions on natural defence mechanisms

The in vitro ability of bacterial purified antigenic fractions to interfere with the immune system has been investigated on human mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. Exposure of purified monocytes to the drug at concentrations from 1 to 1000 micrograms/ml, for different periods from 0 to 18 h, significantly increased cell-mediated cytotoxicity against TU5 target cells. Moreover, monocytes exposed for 1 to 18 h to drug concentrations from 0.1 to 1000 micrograms/ml released significant amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha in a dose-dependent manner in the culture supernatants. The drug was also tested on natural killer (NK) cell activity; mononuclear cells exposed to antigenic fractions for different periods showed a significant increase of NK cytotoxic activity against K562 target cells after 3 and 6, but not 0 and 18 h. Active concentrations were from 1 to 100 micrograms/ml, higher and lower doses being ineffective. Bacterial purified antigenic fractions thus have some ability to interfere in vitro with mechanisms of cytolysis mediated by cells and soluble factors.     

Fricke supraorbital flap for reconstruction of total lower eyelid defects

Summary Split or full thickness eyelid defects resulting from tumor destruction or surgical excision present a dilemma for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Full thickness eyelid replacement requires composite grafting of the skin, together with tarsal support of its substitute and mucosa. The flap described by Fricke in 1829 was used for reconstruction of anterior lamella in six lower eyelid defects. In three of our cases chondromucosal grafts taken from nasal septum were utilized for posterior lamella repair. The results have been satisfactory from a functional and cosmetic standpoint.