银汞和玻璃多聚链烯盐开放三明治技术修复Ⅱ类洞抗折强度的研究

修复根面龋要较猞面龋复杂，比如根面龋的清理、成型片与楔子的放入、与邻牙的接触恢复和修复后悬突的处理等。尽管玻璃多聚链烯盐和复合树脂三明治技术已被广泛应用，但玻璃多聚链烯盐和银汞合金三明治技术尚未得以深入的研究。本研究旨在通过玻璃多聚链烯盐垫底，观察银汞合金充填修复Ⅱ类洞型后的洞型抗折强度。     

One-time gene gun or intramuscular rabies DNA vaccination of non-human primates: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses and protection against rabies virus 1 year after vaccination.

We have previously shown that Macaca fascicularis (Cynomologus) monkeys receiving a primary and either one or two booster rabies DNA vaccinations are protected against rabies virus. In this study, we determined whether monkeys that had been vaccinated only once via gene gun or intramuscularly (i.m.) with different concentrations of DNA would be protected against rabies virus challenge. Neutralizing antibody responses were assayed for 1 year before the monkeys were challenged. Neutralizing antibody was detected at least 50 days earlier in gene gun vaccinated as compared to i.m. vaccinated animals. Prior to viral challenge, all (6/6, 100%) gene gun vaccinated animals, but only 3/6 (50%) i.m. vaccinated animals seroconverted. In general, antibody titers of the gene gun vaccinated animals were higher than the titers of the i.m. vaccinated animals. There was no correlation between the concentration of DNA used for vaccination, the neutralizing antibody responses elicited and protection against viral challenge. Seven days after viral challenge, a rapid and strong anamnestic antibody response was elicited in 100% of the gene gun vaccinated monkeys and in four i.m. vaccinated monkeys. Neutralizing antibody remained undetectable in two i.m. vaccinated monkeys. Overall, 60% (3/5) of the gene gun vaccinated animals and 87% (5/6) of the i.m. vaccinated monkeys survived viral challenge. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to show long-term protection of non-human primates against a human viral pathogen using a DNA vaccination protocol that did not include a booster immunization.     

Notch ligand-bearing thymic epithelial cells initiate and sustain Notch signaling in thymocytes independently of T cell receptor signaling.

Thymic epithelial cells are specialized to play essential roles at multiple stages of T cell development in the thymus, yet the molecular basis of this specialization is largely unknown. Recently, the Notch family of transmembrane proteins has been implicated in thymocyte development. Such proteins interact with cell surface proteins of the Delta-like and Jagged families. It is known that Notch ligands are expressed intrathymically, and that Notch signaling is regulated by Notch ligands expressed on either the same or third-party cells. However, functional analysis of Notch ligand expression, and elucidation of the mechanism of Notch ligand signaling in thymocyte development, are unclear. Here, we find that Notch ligand expression in the thymus is compartmentalized, with MHC class II(+) thymic epithelium, but not thymocytes nor dendritic cells, expressing Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and Delta-like-1. We also provide evidence that contact with Notch ligands on thymic epithelium is necessary to activate and sustain Notch signaling in thymocytes, and that this can occur independently of positive selection induction. Our data suggest that Notch ligand expression by thymic epithelium may partly explain the specialization of these cells in supporting thymocyte development, by regulating Notch activation via an inductive signaling mechanism independently of signaling leading to positive selection.     

Perilipin polymorphism interacts with dietary carbohydrates to modulate anthropometric traits in hispanics of Caribbean origin

Perilipin (PLIN) is the major protein surrounding lipid droplets in adipocytes and regulates adipocyte metabolism by modulating the interaction between lipases and triacylglycerol stores. Associations between PLIN gene polymorphisms and obesity risk have been described, but interactions with dietary macronutrients require further attention. We examined whether dietary macronutrients (e.g. carbohydrates and fats) modulated the associations of the common PLIN 11482G > A (rs894160) single nucleotide polymorphism with obesity. We studied a population-based sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanics (n = 920, aged 45-74 y) living in the Boston area. Obesity measures (waist and hip circumference, BMI) did not differ between GG subjects and carriers of the A allele (GA and AA). In multivariate linear regression models, we found a significant interaction between complex carbohydrate intake as a continuous variable and PLIN 11482 G > A genotype for waist circumference (P = 0.002). By dichotomizing complex carbohydrate intake, we found significantly different effects across PLIN 11482G > A genotypes. When complex carbohydrate intake was <144 g/d, waist circumference was larger in PLIN 11482G > A carriers (P = 0.024). Conversely, when complex carbohydrate intake was >/=144 g/d, waist and hip circumferences were less in PLIN 11482G > A carriers (P < 0.05). These interactions were not found for simple sugars or total carbohydrates. We identified a significant gene-diet interaction associated with obesity at the PLIN locus. In subjects with higher complex carbohydrate intake, the minor allele was protective against obesity, whereas in subjects with lower carbohydrate intake, the minor allele was associated with increased obesity. These interactions may be relevant to dietary management of obesity.     

Cytokine Response in Children Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

Pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a complex inflammatory response that may cause multiorgan dysfunction. The objective of this study was to measure postoperative cytokine production and correlate the magnitude of this response with intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes. Serum samples from 20 children (median age, 15 months) undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were obtained preoperatively and on postoperative days (POD) 1–3. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 increased significantly on POD 1 (p < 0.01) vs pre-op values to 271 ± 68, 44 ± 9, 7.5 ± 0.8 pg/ml, respectively, whereas serum IL-1β, IL-12, and tumor neurosis factor -α were not significantly changed. The serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels correlated positively (p < 0.01) with the degree of postoperative medical intervention as measured by the Therapeutic Interventional Scoring System and indicated a greater need for inotropic support (p = 0.057). A negative correlation (p < 0.01) between IL-6, IL-8, and mixed venous oxygen saturation suggested compromised cardiopulmonary function. Patients with single ventricle anatomy had the highest levels of IL-6 and IL-8 (629 ± 131 and 70 ± 17 pg/ml, respectively), with a mean CPB time of 106 ± 23 minutes. Thus, the proinflammatory response after surgery with CPB was associated with postoperative morbidity with increased need for medical intervention.     

The diagnosis and classification of inguinal and femoral hernia on multisection spiral CT

AIM: To assess the contribution of high-quality multiplanar reconstructions of the groin from multisection computed tomography (CT) to the accurate diagnosis of inguinal and femoral hernias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients who had undergone both a contrast-enhanced CT and a herniorrhaphy were identified from hospital records. Seventeen were excluded, as the images did not include the groin area. The remaining 11 images were re evaluated on a workstation without knowledge of the surgical findings and the hernias were identified and classified using the axial data and coronal and sagittal reconstructions. Anatomical structures and radiological details that hindered or aided this classification were recorded. RESULTS: Hernias were identified in nine out of the 11 patients. Of the seven inguinal hernias, six were identified with the correct side recorded in each case. Of the four patients with surgical data that distinguished direct from indirect inguinal hernias, the correct diagnosis was provided in all cases using CT. Of the four patients with a femoral hernia CT was used to correctly classify three. Among the three available planes, the axial was particularly poor for the identification of the inguinal ligament compared with the other planes. In contrast, the coronal views were very useful in the evaluation of femoral hernias. CONCLUSIONS: The high-resolution coronal and sagittal images available from multisection CT now permit the accurate diagnosis of groin hernias. Using simple anatomical criteria, direct and indirect inguinal hernias and femoral hernias can be reliably distinguished, abolishing the need for surrogate markers, which was hitherto necessary.     

Antioxidant enriched enteral nutrition and oxidative stress after major gastrointestinal tract surgery

AIM： To investigate the effects of an enteral supplement containing antioxidants on circulating levels of antioxidants and indicators of oxidative stress after major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS： Twenty-one patients undergoing major upper gastrointestinal tract surgery were randomised in a single centre, open label study on the effect of postoperative enteral nutrition supplemented with antioxidants. The effect on circulating levels of antioxidants and indicators of oxidative stress, such as F2-isoprostane, was studied. RESULTS： The antioxidant enteral supplement showed no adverse effects and was well tolerated. After surgery a decrease in the circulating levels of antioxidant parameters was observed. Only selenium and glutamine levels were restored to pre-operative values one week after surgery. F2-isoprostane increased in the first three postoperative days only in the antioxidant supplemented group. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein （LBP） levels decreased faster in the antioxidant group after surgery. CONCLUSION： Despite lower antioxidant levels there was no increase in the circulating markers of oxidative stress on the first day after major abdominal surgery. The rise in F2-isoprostane in patients receiving the antioxidant supplement may be related to the conversion of antioxidants to oxidants which raises questions on antioxidant supplementation. Module AOX restored the postoperative decrease in selenium levels. The rapid decrease in LBP levels in the antioxidant group suggests a possible protective effect on gut wall integrity. Further studies are needed on the role of oxidative stress on outcome and the use of antioxidants in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.