The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-thalassemia minor on choroidal, macular, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
Methods
To form the sample, we recruited 40 patients with β-thalassemia minor and 44 healthy participants. We used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to take all measurements of ocular thickness, as well as measured intraocular pressure, axial length, and central corneal thickness. We later analyzed correlations of hemoglobin levels with ocular parameters.
Results
A statistically significant difference emerged between patients with β-thalassemia minor and the healthy controls in terms of mean values of subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness (p = 0.001, p = 0.016, and p = 0.010, respectively). Except for central macular thickness, differences in paracentral macular thicknesses between the groups were also significant (superior: p < 0.001, inferior: p = 0.007, temporal: p = 0.001, and nasal: p = 0.005). Also, no statistically significant differences were noted for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between two groups.
Conclusion
Mean values of subfoveal, nasal, temporal choroidal, and macular thickness for the four quadrants were significantly lower in patients with β-thalassemia minor than in healthy controls.
PURPOSE: In this study we assessed the relative yield of 10 core biopsy, and the whole range of alternative 8 and 6 core biopsy protocols over that of the classic sextant biopsy protocol. We determined the optimum number of cores per biopsy according to prostate volume in patients who experienced prostate biopsy for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 503 men with the indications of abnormal digital rectal examination and/or serum prostate specific antigen greater than 2.5 ng/ml were included in the study. All patients underwent a 10 core biopsy protocol with an additional 1 core from each suspicious area detected by transrectal ultrasound. Prostate volume was divided into quartiles, namely 14.9 to 35, 35.1 to 50, 50.1 to 65 and 65.1 to 150 cc. The optimum number of biopsy cores was determined in patients with different prostate volumes. RESULTS: Median age was 63 years and prostate specific antigen was 7.4 ng/ml in the whole group. Of 503 patients 159 (31.6%) were positive for prostate cancer. Cancer detection rates decreased significantly from 49.6% to 20.8% as prostate volume increased in preset quartiles. Lesion biopsies revealed the lowest unique cancer detection rates for all prostate volume quartiles (0% to 3%). There was an obvious positive trend in cancer detection rates in favor of the 10 core biopsy protocol over sextant biopsies in all patient groups. Classic sextant biopsy protocol proved to be inadequate for all prostate volumes. Among sextant biopsy protocols laterally placed cores including the apex, lateral mid gland and lateral base had the best cancer detection rates (81% to 95%). The 8 core biopsy scheme consisting of the apex, mid gland, lateral mid gland and lateral base resulted in an only 1% lower detection rate (97%) than the 10 core biopsy protocol in the lowest quartile. The yield of the 10 core biopsy protocol in patients with a prostate volume of between 35.1 and 150 cc outscored that of the optimal 8 core biopsy scheme including the apex, base, lateral mid gland and lateral base with 3% to 8% differences in the cancer detection rate. CONCLUSIONS: The 10 core biopsy protocol must be used in all group of patients except patients with a prostate volume of 14.9 to 35 cc. In patients with a prostate volume of 14.9 to 35 cc the 8 core biopsy protocol consisting of the apex, mid gland, lateral mid gland and lateral base can be used since it revealed results similar to those of the 10 core biopsy protocol. The classic sextant biopsy protocol seemed inadequate for all prostate volumes. Patients with a larger prostate had lower cancer detection rates. Transrectal ultrasound directed lesion biopsies may be omitted when using 10 core biopsy protocols since the yield of these biopsies was less than 2%. 相似文献
A rare case of acromesomelic dysplasia is reported. The radiological findings were consistent with shortness of all tubular
bones, especially those of the forearms. There was also evidence of mild lumbar spine stenosis.
Received: 16 June 1997; Revision received: 13 January 1998; Accepted: 24 March 1998 相似文献
Canine cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, which occurs frequently in purebred beagles, was demonstrated in two dogs on magnetic resonance images after cisternal introduction of gadolinium-DTPA dimeglumine. 相似文献
OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the study was to identify the changes employed mothers of infants aged 0-24 months made in their nutrition with the aim of increasing their milk production and extending their breastfeeding period. METHODS: The 135 full-time employed mothers enrolled in this study came to the Well-Child Clinic at Akdeniz University Hospital. Dietary data were collected from the mothers via a questionnaire prepared by the researchers to elicit details about what kind of foods or nutrition supplements women added, avoided or were recommended to avoid or add to their diets and why. RESULTS: All the mothers made changes in their diets while breastfeeding. The number one change that mothers made in their diet in order to increase milk production was to increase their fluid intake (38.6%) while the second was to increase their consumption of sweets (25.3%). The main type of food mothers were advised to avoid were dried legumes and grains (28.9%). The most important reason for this was the belief that they increased the chance of newborn colic (89.4%). There were statistically significant differences between foods avoided by breastfeeding mothers related to their age (chi(2)=6.88, p=.009), education level and those who mentioned increasing their consumption of fluid while breastfeeding (chi(2)=13.12, p=.000). CONCLUSIONS: All of the mothers espoused specific practices, and had been given recommendations by others about their nutrition while breastfeeding. Mothers need to be informed about the factors that increase and decrease milk production and affect infant colic, and should be encouraged that they can successfully breastfeed without increasing their consumption of sweets or avoiding dried legumes and some vegetables. 相似文献
Journal of Clinical Immunology - NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO, IKK-γ) deficiency is a rare combined immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the IKBKG gene. Conventionally, patients are... 相似文献
Cervical hematomas can lead to airway compromise, a life threatening condition, regardless of the cause. The following case is the first presentation of cervical hematoma as a complication of endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysm.
Case report
A 49 year‐old woman was scheduled for stent placement under general anesthesia for middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Few days before intervention, acetyl salicylic acid and clopidogrel treatment was started. Following standard monitoring and anesthesia induction, the patient's trachea was intubated with a 7.5 mm endotracheal tube and the procedure was completed without any complications. Three hours later, dyspnea developed and physical examination revealed progressive swelling and stiffness in the neck. Endotracheal intubation was performed with a 6 mm diameter uncuffed tube with the aid of sedation. The vocal cords were completely closed due to compression. There was no leak around the endotracheal tube. The rapidly performed computerized tomography scans showed an enormous hematoma around the neck and extravasation of contrast medium through superior thyroid artery. After coil embolization of superior thyroid artery, she was taken to the intensive care unit as intubated and sedated. Surgical exploration of the hematoma was not recommended by the surgeons, because she was on clopidogrel. After two days, the patient's trachea was extubated safely ensuring that the swelling was sufficiently ceased and leak detected around the endotracheal tube.
Conclusions
Securing the airway rapidly by endotracheal intubation is the most crucial point in the management of cervical hematomas. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should be performed only afterwards. 相似文献
Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are the most common subtype of primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmunity, allergy, or malignancy predisposition. PAD syndromes comprise of immune system genes highlighted the key role of B cell activation, proliferation, migration, somatic hypermutation, or isotype switching have a wide spectrum from agammaglobulinemia to selective Ig deficiency. In this study, we describe the molecular and the clinical aspects of fifty-two PAD patients. The most common symptoms of our cohort were upper and lower respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, diarrhea, and recurrent fever. Almost all patients (98%) had at least one of the symptoms like autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, allergy, or gastrointestinal disease. A custom-made next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, which contains 24 genes, was designed to identify well-known disease-causing variants in our cohort. We identified eight variants (15.4%) among 52 PAD patients. The variants mapped to BTK (n?=?4), CD40L (n?=?1), ICOS (n?=?1), IGHM (n?=?1), and TCF3 (n?=?1) genes. Three novel variants were described in the BTK (p.G414W), ICOS (p.G60*), and IGHM (p.S19*) genes. We performed Sanger sequencing to validate pathogenic variants and check for allelic segregation in the family. Targeted NGS panel sequencing can be beneficial as a suitable diagnostic modality for diagnosing well-known monogenic PAD diseases (only 2–10% of PADs); however, screening only the coding regions of the genome may not be adequately powered to solve the pathogenesis of PAD in all cases. Deciphering the regulatory regions of the genome and better understanding the epigenetic modifications will elucidate the molecular basis of complex PADs.