The impact of prior radical prostatectomy in men with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer: a pooled analysis of 9 Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trials

PURPOSE: A prior report suggested that radical prostatectomy may confer a survival advantage to patients with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer. Therefore, a pooled analysis of 9 trials performed by Cancer and Leukemia Group B was done to determine if men with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer who underwent prior prostatectomy had improved clinical outcomes, such as overall, prostate specific, progression-free and PSA progression-free survival, than men who did not undergo prior prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 9 multi-institutional trials performed by Cancer and Leukemia Group B were combined. Eligible patients had progressive prostate cancer during androgen deprivation therapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, and adequate hematological, renal and hepatic functions. The proportional hazards model was used to assess the prognostic importance of radical prostatectomy for predicting clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of 1,238 men 310 (25%) underwent prostatectomy. Median survival was 14.7 (95% CI 12.9-16.7) and 14.5 months (95% CI 13.5-15.7) in men who did and did not undergo prostatectomy, respectively. The HR for death was 1.03 (95% CI 0.90-1.19, p = 0.65) in men with vs without prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Prior prostatectomy in men with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer who were subsequently enrolled on clinical trials for cancer treatment had similar survival compared to men who did not undergo prior prostatectomy. These data do not support another report suggesting that prior prostatectomy confers a subsequent survival advantage in men with castration recurrent prostate cancer.     

Kidneys From Standard-Criteria Donors With Different Severities of Terminal Acute Kidney Injury

ObjectivesHigh terminal serum creatinine level in a deceased donor has been reported as the second most frequent cause of refusal for kidney transplantation. A growing body of evidence has shown a comparable outcome of kidney transplantation from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the influence of the severity of AKI on graft outcomes remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 84 consecutive kidney transplants from 57 standard-criteria donors were classified into 4 groups by RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of function, and End-stage renal disease) classification according to donor AKI severity before kidney procurement. The donor and recipient characteristics and graft outcomes were compared.ResultsOf 84 kidney transplants, 56, 11, 10, and 7 recipients were in the Non-AKI, Risk, Injury, and Failure groups. The mean terminal creatinine was 1.1, 1.6, 2.3, and 4.4 mg/dL in these 4 groups. However, the graft outcomes, including primary nonfunction rate, delayed graft function rate, acute rejection rate, renal function, graft survival and overall survival over the first 5 years had no statistical difference. A trend toward increasing delayed graft function rate as the severity of AKI increased was observed (Non-AKI, Risk, Injury, and Failure: 26.8%, 36.4%, 60.0%, and 57.1%, P = .099).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that AKI before procurement does not cause adverse long-term graft outcomes. Standard-criteria donors with AKI are suitable for kidney transplantation, even with a high severity of AKI.     

基于临床随机对照试验的胰十二指肠切除术后消化道重建方式的系统评价

目的：系统评价胰十二指肠切除术（PD术）后不同的消化道吻合方式及相关辅助方法。方法检索万方数据库和PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science以及EMBASE等数据库中,关于PD手术后消化道吻合方式的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,采用Jadad量表对纳入文献进行质量分析,提取围手术期情况：包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后发生胰漏、胆漏、出血、胃排空延迟、死亡率、再次手术以及伤口愈合不良等并发症指标,采用RevMan 5．2软件进行Meta分析。结果17篇RCT研究共计2504例病例纳入分析,Meta分析结果显示,胰胃吻合组术后胰漏和胆漏的发生率明显低于胰肠吻合组（OR＝0．60,95％ CI：0．44～0．82,P＝0．00; OR＝0．33,95％ CI：0．13～0．82, P＝0．02）。胰肠吻合组中,胰管-黏膜吻合术与传统端端吻合术后总体并发症发生率以及术后胰漏、再次手术和围手术期死亡的发生率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。外支架管引流组的术后总体并发症发生率及胰漏、尤其是Ⅱ～Ⅲ级胰漏的发生率和住院时间均明显低于无支架管引流组（均P＜0．05）。结论 PD术后消化道重建方式,推荐采用胰胃吻合,辅以外支架管引流。     

香萱解郁方对血清剥夺诱导HT22细胞损伤模型的神经保护作用

探讨香萱解郁方含药血清对血清剥夺致小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞损伤模型的影响。方法 采用血清剥夺培养HT22细胞建立神经损伤体外模型,实验分为对照组、模型组和中药组［中药组A（含药血清15%浓度）、中药组B（含药血清20%浓度）］,各组血清剥夺12 h后,通过CCK8法检测各组细胞活力,确定15%浓度含药血清干预后细胞的存活率最高,设定为后续实验中药组的药物浓度。免疫荧光染色法检测神经元特异性微管蛋白（β-Tubulin Ⅲ）在各组中的表达,蛋白质免疫印迹法及qPCR法检测脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）蛋白及其mRNA在各组中的表达。结果 在加药后培养12 h,中药组的细胞活力明显高于对照组与模型组（P＜0.001）。培养24 h,模型组细胞活力较对照组明显下降（P＜0.001）,中药组较模型组明显提高（P＜0.001）。培养36 h,模型组细胞活力较对照组显著下降（P＜0.001）,中药组较模型组明显提高（P＜0.001）。模型组BDNF蛋白含量及 BDNF mRNA表达量较对照组显著降低（P＜0.05,P＜0.001）,模型组少数神经元长出突起;中药组BDNF蛋白含量及BDNF mRNA表达量较模型组显著增加（P＜0.05）,中药组HT22细胞轴突突起长度和分支增加,β-Tubulin Ⅲ阳性表达明显增多。结论 香萱解郁方含药血清对血清剥夺诱导小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞损伤具有神经保护作用,可能与促进BDNF蛋白表达有关     

原发性肝癌组织生长激素受体的表达

为探讨重组人生长激素 (rhGH)在肝癌患者中的适用问题 ,采用放射配体法对 32例原发性肝癌 (HCC)组织进行了生长激素受体 (GHR)的检测。结果在 2 8例HCC组织检测到GHR ,GHR受体结合容量 (RT)为 (18 430 0± 4 16 33)fmol/mg蛋白 ,平衡解离常数 (Kd)为 (0 6 432± 0 196 1)nmol/L ,与正常肝组织相比 ,其RT降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Kd无显著性改变 (P >0 0 5 ) ;HCC组织GHR的结合容量与肿瘤大小呈负相关 ,而与肿瘤分化程度、患者是否合并肝硬化无明显相关 ;有 4例肝癌组织未检测到GHR存在。研究提示 :大多数原发性肝癌组织仍表达低水平GHR ,在其功能未明的情况下 ,rhGH在肝癌患者中的使用应慎重。     

MK-801对反复性脑缺血大脑皮层组织病理和超微结构的影响

目的：研究MK－801对反复性脑缺血大脑皮层组织病理和超微结构的影响。方法：应用光镜和电镜对比观察大鼠反复性与单次性脑缺血大脑皮层神经元的病理损害及应用MK－801治疗后的影响。结果：反复缺血组皮层损害明显重于单次缺血组：MK－801能显著改善反复脑缺血皮层神经元缺血性损伤和超微结构损害。结论：兴奋毒机制可能在反复缺血性服损伤中起着重要作用。     

95例乳腺癌保乳治疗近期观察

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳治疗的方法与疗效。方法95例Ⅰ-Ⅱ期原发性乳腺癌,施行局部扩大切除并腋窝淋巴结清扫,手术后患侧乳房接受放射治疗。结果手术后6个月随访,患者本人对保留乳房的满意率100％,十分满意者为92％。经随访2～51个月,平均随访17个月,仅1例同侧乳腺局部复发,2年局部复发率1．4％。无远处转移和死亡病例。结论Ⅰ-Ⅱ期乳腺癌实施保乳治疗,近期疗效满意,远期效果有待长期随访观察。     

42例腰椎融合术后难治性下腰痛的治疗体会

目的探讨腰椎融合术后骶髂关节病变的特点及治疗方法与疗效。方法回顾性分析42例因腰椎退变性滑脱、腰椎椎间盘突出、腰椎椎管狭窄曾行后路减压、后外侧或椎体间植骨融合及椎弓根内固定术,术后随访12～72个月(平均42.6个月)出现新的难治性持续性下腰痛症状的病例。本研究运用骶髂关节内封闭进行诊断性治疗。阳性标准:疼痛缓解≥75%,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行定量分析。结果阳性12例(28.57%),是否融合L5/S1、术后疼痛缓解期是否≥3个月与诊断阳性率相关,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腰椎融合术后下腰痛部分可能是由骶髂关节病变引起的,L5/S1融合可能促进骶髂关节发生退变。症状以下腰痛症状为主者,手术应慎重。     

利多卡因对缺氧/复氧后肝细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨利多卡因预处理对肝细胞缺氧/复氧后Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响。方法将体外培养的肝细胞分为三组:缺氧/复氧组(Ⅰ组)、利多卡因预处理组(Ⅱ组)和正常对照组(Ⅲ组),每组10份。检测肝细胞缺氧/复氧培养后细胞培养液中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度,肝细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达、肝细胞凋亡率及超微结构变化。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组细胞培养液中ALT、AST浓度、肝细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达和肝细胞凋亡率较Ⅲ组均升高(P<0.05),透射电镜示肝细胞损伤,可见凋亡细胞;Ⅱ组细胞复氧后培养液中ALT、AST浓度、肝细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率均低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而肝细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达较Ⅰ组升高(P<0.05),透射电镜观察也显示Ⅱ组肝细胞比Ⅰ组损伤轻微。结论利多卡因预处理可以在一定程度上减轻缺氧/复氧后肝细胞损伤,降低细胞凋亡率,保护机制可能与Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

反义CD147分子对人胆管癌细胞株侵袭性影响的实验研究

目的探讨反义CD147分子对人胆管癌细胞株QBC939侵袭性的影响。方法构建含反义CD147分子片段的重组真核表达质粒,将人胆管癌细胞株QBC939分为三组:(1)反义CD147组,运用重组真核表达质粒as CD147-pc DNA3.1(-)转染QBC939细胞;(2)空质粒组,运用pc DNA3.1(-)空质粒转染QBC939细胞;(3)对照组,运用DMEM常规处理细胞。采用MTT法检测各组QBC939细胞的生长情况,RT-PCR和Western blotting法分别对三组QBC939细胞中的CD147、MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-2的m RNA表达水平及其对应蛋白的表达水平进行检测。结果成功构建了携带反义CD147分子片段的重组真核表达质粒。MTT法检测显示:三组QBC939细胞的生长曲线及对数生长期情况无统计学差异(P0.05)。RT-PCR法检测显示:反义CD147组QBC939细胞中CD147和MMP-2分子的m RNA表达均低于空质粒组和对照组(P0.05),且空质粒组与对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05);反义CD147组QBC939细胞中MMP-9和TIMP-2分子的m RNA表达与空质粒组和对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。Western blotting检测发现:与空质粒组和对照组相比,反义CD147组QBC939细胞中CD147和MMP-2分子的蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),空质粒组与对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05);与空质粒组和对照组相比,反义CD147组QBC939细胞株中MMP-9和TIMP-2分子的蛋白表达无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 (1)反义CD147对胆管癌细胞株QBC939的生长无影响;(2)反义CD147对胆管癌细胞株QBC939中MMP-9和TIMP-2的m RNA表达及对应蛋白表达无影响;(3)反义CD147降低胆管癌细胞株QBC939中CD147和MMP-2的m RNA表达及对应蛋白表达,可能会降低胆管癌细胞株的侵袭性。