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31.
J. Abbah S. Amos B. Chindo I. Ngazal H.O. Vongtau B. Adzu T. Farida A.A. Odutola C. Wambebe K.S. Gamaniel 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
Nauclea latifolia Smith is used traditionally in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and painful conditions among its several other applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the pharmacological activities of the plant relevant to the symptomatic treatment of malaria fever and other painful conditions as an initial step towards developing an effective therapy for the symptomatic management of malaria fever and relief of other painful conditions.Materials and methods
Various concentrations of the aqueous extract of the root bark of this plant were evaluated for its anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities in mice and rats. Investigation of the anti-nociceptive activities was performed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and hot-plate tests in mice and formalin-induced pain test in rats, as models of nociception. The extract was also investigated for its effect against inflammation induced by egg-albumin and pyrexia induced by yeast in rats.Results
Our data showed that the aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia root bark (50–200 mg/kg p.o.) significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated writhing episodes induced by acetic acid and increased the threshold for pain perception in the hot-plate test in mice, dose-dependently. The product also remarkably decreased both the acute and delayed phases of formalin-induced pain in rats and also caused a significant reduction in both yeast-induced pyrexia and egg-albumin-induced oedema in rats. These effects were produced in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion
The results suggest the presence of biologically active principles in the extract with anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities that justifies its use in malaria ethnopharmacy and subsequent development for clinical application. 相似文献32.
Aderonke Odutola Martin O.C. Ota Martin Antonio Ezra O. Ogundare Yauba Saidu Patrick K. Owiafe Archibald Worwui Olubukola T. Idoko Olumuyiwa Owolabi Beate Kampmann Brian M. Greenwood Mark Alderson Magali Traskine Kristien Swinnen Vincent Verlant Kurt Dobbelaere Dorota Borys 《Vaccine》2019,37(19):2586-2599
Background
Two conserved pneumococcal proteins, pneumolysin toxoid (dPly) and pneumococcal histidine triad protein D (PhtD), combined with 10 polysaccharide conjugates from the pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in two investigational pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD) formulations were immunogenic and well-tolerated when administered to Gambian children. Here, we report immunogenicity of the polysaccharide conjugates, and immunogenicity and reactogenicity of co-administered routine vaccines.Methods
In this phase II, controlled, observer-blind, single-centre study, healthy infants aged 8–10?weeks were randomised (1:1:1:1:1:1) to six groups. Four groups received 3+0 schedule (2-3-4?months [M]) of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD (10 or 30?µg of each protein), PHiD-CV, or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; and two groups received 2+1 schedule (2-4-9?M) of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD (30?µg of each protein) or PHiD-CV. All infants received diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTPw-HBV/Hib) and oral trivalent polio vaccines (OPV) at 2-3-4?M, and measles, yellow fever, and OPV vaccines at 9?M. We evaluated immune responses at 2-5-9-12?M; and reactogenicity 0–3?days post-vaccination.Results
1200 infants were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012; 1152 completed the study. 1?M post-primary vaccination, for each PHiD-CV serotype except 6B and 23F, ≥97.4% (3+0 schedule) and ≥96.4% (2+1 schedule) of infants had antibody concentrations ≥0.2?μg/mL. Immune responses were comparable between groups within the same vaccination schedules. Observed antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) increased by 1?M post-primary vaccination compared to pre-vaccination. In the following months, GMCs and opsonophagocytic activity titres waned, with an increase post-booster for the 2+1 schedule. Immune responses to protein D and, DTPw-HBV/Hib, OPV, measles, and yellow fever vaccines were not altered by co-administration with pneumococcal proteins. Reactogenicity of co-administered vaccines was comparable between groups and did not raise concerns.Conclusion
Immune responses to the 10 PHiD-CV polysaccharide conjugates and co-administered vaccines were not altered by addition of dPly and PhtD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01262872. 相似文献33.
34.
Godswill Nduka Anyasor Funmilayo Onajobi Odutola Osilesi Olugbenga Adebawo Efere Martins Oboutor 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Costus afer Ker Gawl is an indigenous tropical African medicinal plant used as therapy in the treatment of inflammatory ailments such as rheumatoid arthritis. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the hexane fraction of C. afer leaves (CAHLF).Materials and methods
The anti-inflammatory effect of varying doses of CAHLF on carrageenan, arachidonic acid, and formaldehyde induced arthritis in male albino rats? models were investigated in order to study the acute inflammatory phase. Complete Freund?s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model was used to study the chronic inflammatory phase. Two known anti-inflammatory drugs, Diclofenac sodium (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID]) and prednisolone (glucocorticoid [steroidal drug]) were used as standards for comparison. Various biochemical indices viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), total protein (TP), globulin and albumin levels were assayed using spectrophotometric methods.Results
Control animals in which arthritis have been induced using carrageenan, arachidonic acid, formaldehyde or CFA showed significant increases (P<0.05) in paw edema when compared with normal animals. Treatment of the arthritis induced rats with CAHLF significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the edema. in vivo antioxidant study showed that CAHLF treated animals had a significantly (P<0.05) elevated GSH level, SOD, CAT and GST activities while MDA levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the plasma, liver, kidney and brain. CAHLF treated rats had a significantly (P<0.05) reduced plasma AST, ALT and ALP. Plasma TP, globulin, TB levels were reduced while albumin levels were elevated in CAHLF treated animals.Conclusions
CAHLF possesses substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against inflammatory diseases especially arthritis. It could be considered as a choice candidate in pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory drug development. 相似文献35.
Intracellular recording from motoneurones of back muscles was used to analyze their synaptic input. The sample included motoneurones located in Th13--L2 spinal segments, identified by their antidromic invasion following stimulation of medial, intermediate and lateral branches of the dorsal rami. The motoneurones were monosynaptically excited from lowest threshold ipsilateral afferents and from ipsilateral descending spinal tracts. Polysynaptic EPSPs and/or IPSPs were evoked in them from higher threshold ipsilateral and contralateral afferents and from descending spinal tracts, and recurrent inhibition was evoked from ipsilateral motor axon collaterals. There was no evidence of crossed disynaptic inhibition from group I afferents, or crossed recurrent inhibition of these neurones. Supplementary records from another group of neurones in Th13--L2 segments, unidentified but likely to innervate other back or abdominal muscles, showed monosynaptic and polysynaptic PSPs of the same origin, and in addition disynaptic IPSPs and disynaptic EPSPs from contralateral ventral roots. The crossed IPSPs had features of the crossed recurrent IPSPs, while the crossed EPSPs appeared to be more likely evoked by some afferents passing via the ventral roots. Generally, the input to the investigated neurones showed greatest similarities to the input to motoneurones of neck muscles and differed from that reported for tail motoneurones. 相似文献
36.
Christopher Esezobor Adebowale D. Ademola Adewale E. Adetunji Emmanuel A. Anigilaje Anthony Batte Fatima N. Jiya-Bello Francis F. Furia Uzoamaka Muoneke Mignon McCulloch Peter Nourse Patience Obiagwu Odutola Odetunde Perditer Okyere Adaobi Solarin Elliot K. Tannor Damien Noone Rasheed Gbadegesin Rulan S. Parekh 《Kidney international》2021,99(1):59-67
37.
38.
Glomerular filtration rates, as assessed by creatinine clearances were studied in 35 mild hypertensive, 104 moderate hypertensive and 167 severe hypertensive patients. The ages ranged from 16 to 65 years and the duration of hypertension varied between 0.5 and five years. The cause of hypertension was presumed idiopathic in all but 13 severe hypertensives in whom renal biopsies were performed. The mean creatinine clearances in mild, moderate and severe hypertensives were 154.5 +/- 15.0, 83.0 +/- 26.0, 15.0 +/- 14.0 (male) and 147.0 +/- 20.0, 78.0 +/- 15.0 and 14.3 +/- 13.0 (female) respectively. A creatinine clearance of greater than 125 ml per minute was recorded in all patients with mild hypertension. This finding might be a feature of early structural and functional renal damage in mild hypertension. 相似文献