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11.
Donor insemination: Dutch parents' opinions about confidentiality and donor anonymity and the emotional adjustment of their children 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Golombok S; Naaktgeboren N; de Bruyn JK; van Hall EV 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(7):1591-1597
Results from a comparative study investigating 38 donor insemination (DI)
Dutch families with 4-8 year old children are presented. The aims of this
study were to investigate parents' opinions on the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity, to assess the emotional development of
the children, and to examine in DI families the association between secrecy
with regard to the use of a donor and the emotional adjustment of the
children. The DI families were compared to families with a child conceived
by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to families with a naturally conceived
child. Secrecy appeared to be associated with DI and not with IVF: 74% of
the DI parents intended not to inform the child about the way in which
she/he was conceived, whereas none of the IVF parents intended to keep the
secret. Only one set of DI parents and two sets of IVF parents had actually
told the child. As to donor anonymity, a spread of opinions appeared among
DI parents; 57% preferred an anonymous donor, 31% would have liked non-
identifying information about the donor, 9% preferred the donor's identity
to be registered and 3% remained unsure. Parents' major concern was to know
more about the medical/genetic background of the donor. Mothers and fathers
in the DI families differed in their opinions concerning the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity: fathers, more often than mothers, were
secretive with regard to the use of a donor and husbands, more often than
their wives, were in favour of donor anonymity. With regard to the
emotional development of the children, more emotional/behavioural problems
were revealed among DI children than among children who were naturally
conceived. No association was found between secrecy and the
emotional/behavioural adjustment of the children.
相似文献
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A model for worksite cancer prevention: integration of health protection and health promotion in the WellWorks Project 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Sorensen G Himmelstein JS Hunt MK Youngstrom R Hebert JR Hammond SK Palombo R Stoddard A Ockene JK 《American journal of health promotion : AJHP》1995,10(1):55-62
OBJECTIVES. To describe a theoretic approach and rationale for the integration of health protection and health promotion in worksite cancer prevention programs and to describe an intervention study designed to implement this integration. METHODS. Twenty-four worksites were recruited to participate in this randomized, controlled study. The theoretically based intervention model integrates health promotion and health protection through (1) joint worker-management participation in program planning and implementation, (2) consultation on worksite changes, and (3) educational programs targeting health behavior change. RESULTS. Although the primary purpose of this paper is to describe a theoretic approach to the integration of health promotion and health protection, preliminary results are also noted. In these predominantly manufacturing worksites, many workers faced the double jeopardy of exposures to occupational carcinogens and personal risks such as smoking or poor dietary habits. Production workers' job responsibilities frequently limited their full participation. Barriers to participation were identified early in the project, and strategies were developed to facilitate maximal worker involvement and worksite changes. CONCLUSIONS. Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation or dietary changes may be more effectively promoted among blue collar audiences when programs also encourage management actions to reduce occupational exposures. Public health professionals trained in health promotion and health protection must work together to effectively address the health concerns of this population. 相似文献
14.
Olendzki B Hurley TG Hebert JR Ellis S Merriam PA Luippold R Rider L Ockene IS 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1999,99(11):1433-1439
The Dietary Risk Assessment (DRA) is a brief dietary assessment tool used to identify dietary behaviors associated with cardiovascular disease. Intended for use by physicians and other nondietitians, the DRA identifies healthful and problematic dietary behaviors and alerts the physician to patients who require further nutrition counseling. To determine the relative validity of this tool, we compared it to the 7-Day Dietary Recall (an instrument developed to assess intake of dietary fat) and to the average of 7 telephone-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. Forty-two free-living subjects were recruited into the study. The 7-Day Dietary Recall and DRA were administered to each subject twice, at the beginning and the end of the study period, and the 24-hour recalls were conducted during the intervening time period. Correlation coefficients were computed to compare the food scores derived from the 3 assessment methods. Correlations between the DRA and 7-Day Dietary Recall data were moderate (r = .47, on average, for postmeasures); correlations between the DRA and 24-hour recalls were lower. The ability of the DRA to assess dietary fat consumption and ease of administration make it a clinically useful screening instrument for the physician when counseling patients about dietary fat reduction. 相似文献
15.
WG Mitchell H Lynn JF Bale MA Maeder SM Donfield B Garg AH Tilton JK Willis TP Bohan 《Pediatrics》1997,100(5):817-824
BACKGROUND: Boys and young men with hemophilia treated with factor infusions before 1985 had a substantial risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This study was designed to assess the effects of HIV and hemophilia per se on neurological function in a large cohort of subjects with hemophilia, and to investigate the relationships between neurological disease and death during follow-up. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-three boys and young men (207 HIV seropositive and 126 HIV seronegative) were evaluated longitudinally in a multicenter, multidisciplinary study. Neurological history and examination were conducted at baseline and annually for 4 years. The relationship between neurological variables, HIV serostatus, CD4+ cell counts, and vital status at the conclusion of the study was examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risks of nonhemophilia-associated muscle atrophy, behavior change, and gait disturbance increased with time in immune compromised HIV-seropositive subjects compared with HIV seronegative or immunologically stable HIV-seropositive subjects. The risk of behavior change in immune compromised HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs, for example, rose to 60% by year 4 versus 10% to 17% for the other study groups. Forty-five subjects (13.5%), all of whom were HIV seropositive, died by year 4. Subjects who died had had increased risks of hyperreflexia, nonhemophilia-associated muscle atrophy, and behavior change. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that immune compromised, HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs have high rates of neurological abnormalities over time and that neurological abnormalities were common among subjects who later died. By contrast, immunologically stable HIV-seropositive subjects did not differ from the HIV-seronegative participants. Hemophilia per se was associated with progressive abnormalities of gait, coordination, and motor function. 相似文献
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18.
Modulation of in vitro eosinophil progenitors by hydrocortisone: role of accessory cells and interleukins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The growth of human eosinophil progenitors (CFU-Eo) and the modulation of growth by hydrocortisone were studied as functions of the presence of lymphocytes and monocytes in marrow cells under study; and the source of colony-stimulating factors, specifically, media conditioned by macrophage-like cell line, GCT; phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells (PHA-LCM); or the T cell line, MO. CFU-Eo growth was greatest in marrow containing accessory cells as compared to marrow depleted of accessory cells; and in marrow treated with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned media (PHA-LCM) or MO (T cell line)-conditioned medium (MO-CM) as compared with GCT cell- conditioned medium (GCT-CM). Hydrocortisone reproducibly inhibited eosinophil progenitor growth in unfractionated marrow stimulated by GCT- CM. This effect was abrogated by admixing irradiated mononuclear cells or T lymphocytes with the target marrow or by adding interleukin 1 or interleukin 2 (IL-1, IL-2). Inhibition by hydrocortisone did not occur when monocyte and T lymphocyte depleted marrow was studied. Unlike GCT- CM, MO-CM and PHA-LCM stimulated equal proportions of eosinophil progenitors in nondepleted and accessory cell-depleted marrow and demonstrated less hydrocortisone inhibition. However, both GCT-CM and PHA-LCM produced in the presence of hydrocortisone stimulated significantly fewer CFU-Eos in both unfractionated and accessory cell- depleted marrow target populations. These results indicate that the growth of CFU-Eo and inhibition of growth by hydrocortisone is a direct function of a monocyte-T cell interaction and probably is mediated through effects on the production/release of eosinophil colony stimulating factor (Eo-CSF). 相似文献
19.
Enhancement of chemotactic factor-stimulated neutrophil oxidative metabolism by leukotriene B4 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent primary stimulator of neutrophil chemotaxis, aggregation, and degranulation and induces superoxide production at higher concentrations. In order to determine whether LTB4 modulates neutrophil responses to oxidative stimuli, human neutrophils (PMNs) were incubated with LTB4 prior to stimulation with f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP, 10(-7) mol/L), opsonized zymosan (OZ, 250 micrograms/mL), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 32 nmol/L). Superoxide (O2-) production by stimulated PMNs was assessed by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. LTB4 alone did not stimulate O2- production in concentrations below 10(-7) mol/L and had no effect on the O2- assay. In the concentration range of 10(-12) to 10(-8) mol/L, LTB4 did not alter O2- release induced by OZ or PMA. In contrast, LTB4-treated cells demonstrated enhanced O2- production following exposure to fMLP, and in the presence of 10 nmol/LLTB4, generated 180% +/- 41% of O-2 quantities produced by control cells (n = 23). Enhancement was LTB4 dose-dependent, was maximal in the range of 1 to 10 nmol/L LTB4, was not reversed by removal of the lipid from the medium prior to fMLP stimulation, and was not dependent on the presence of Ca++ or Mg++ in the suspending medium. Chemiluminescence of fMLP-stimulated neutrophils was increased to 323% of controls in neutrophils preincubated with 10 nmol/L LTB4. Unlike augmentation of oxidative responses to fMLP seen with other degranulating stimuli, enhancement by LTB4 was not correlated with an increase in 3H-fMLP receptor binding. These results indicate that, in addition to its primary effects on neutrophil function, LTB4 modulates PMN oxidative responses to the chemotactic peptide and, thus, may amplify the release of oxygen metabolites at inflammatory foci. 相似文献
20.
Judith K. Ockene Rashelle B. Hayes Linda C. Churchill Sybil L. Crawford Denise G. Jolicoeur David M. Murray Abigail B. Shoben Sean P. David Kristi J. Ferguson Kathryn N. Huggett Michael Adams Catherine A. Okuliar Robin L. Gross Pat F. BassIII Ruth B. Greenberg Frank T. Leone Kola S. Okuyemi David W. Rudy Jonathan B. Waugh Alan C. Geller 《Journal of general internal medicine》2016,31(2):172-181