维药榲桲子脂肪酸化学成分气相色谱-质谱法分析

目的 分析榲桲子中脂肪酸成分.方法 以石油醚为提取剂,采用索氏提取法提取油脂,经氢氧化钾-甲醇甲酯化处理后,以气相色谱-质谱(GC -MS)联用技术进行分析.结果 鉴定了棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸等12种脂肪酸,其中棕榈酸为8.30％,油酸为31.65％,亚油酸为51.86％,亚麻酸为1.90％,不饱和脂肪酸达85.46％.结论 榲桲子中脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸.其中,被称为人体必需脂肪酸的亚麻酸和亚油酸的相对含量丰富,具有开发价值.     

维吾尔族药毛菊苣总倍半萜滴丸溶出度测定

目的:建立毛菊苣总倍半萜滴丸中山莴苣素的溶出度测定方法。方法:采用桨法测定体外溶出度,通过单因素试验筛选溶出介质和转速,利用HPLC测定毛菊苣总倍半萜滴丸中山莴苣素的溶出度,流动相甲醇(A)-0.2%甲酸(B)梯度洗脱(0~30 min,28%~72%A),检测波长256 nm。结果:选择含0.2%十二烷基硫酸钠的人工胃液为溶出介质,转速100 r·min-1,山莴苣素线性范围0.015~0.075 g·L-1(r=0.999),平均回收率101.04%(RSD 1.38%)。样品30 min时体外溶出度均>80%。结论:本方法简便、准确、可靠,适用于毛菊苣总倍半萜滴丸的溶出度测定。     

Vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. (Nitrariaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. are traditionally used in Uighur medicine to treat hypertension. This study aimed to support that folk use by defining their vasoactive and hypotensive properties.

Materials and methods

The vasorelaxant activity and the underlying mechanisms of a hydroalcoholic extract from the fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. (NSHE) were evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from Wistar rats. In addition, the acute hypotensive effect of NSHE was assessed in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in their normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats.

Results

NSHE (0.1–10 g/l) was clearly more effective to induce vasodilation of phenylephrine- (PE, 1 μM) than high KCl- (60 mM) pre-contracted aortic rings with respective E_max values of 82.9 ± 2.2% and 34.8 ± 3.6%. The removal of endothelium almost abolished the relaxant effect of the extract. In addition, pre-treatment with N^w-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME, 100 μM), atropine (1 μM) or charybdotoxin (30 nM) plus apamin (30 nM), respective blockers of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, muscarinic receptors and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), significantly reduced the observed effect of NSHE. By contrast, the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (10 μM) or the K⁺ channels blockers glibenclamide (10 μM), iberiotoxin (30 nM) and 4-amino-pyridine (4-AP, 1 mM) failed to modify the vasodilation. Finally, the acute intravenous injection of NSHE (1, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) induced an immediate and transient hypotensive effect in anesthetized SHR and in WKY rats.

Conclusions

This experimental animal study suggests that hydroalcoholic extract from the fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. induces vasorelaxation through an endothelium-dependent pathway involving NO synthase (NOS) activation, EDHF production and muscarinic receptor stimulation. Additionally, our results determine that this vasorelaxant effect is translated by a significant hypotensive effect.     

3-脱氧一枝蒿酮酸的合成及体外抗流感病毒活性研究

目的 研究一枝蒿酮酸的构效关系,为一枝蒿酮酸衍生物的合成提供依据.方法 采用经典的克莱门森还原制备了3-脱氧一枝蒿酮酸,通过IR,1H NMR,15C NMR,ESI-MS进行了表征,同时采用量子化学在DFT-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上对还原产物进行了单点计算,并对还原产物进行了初步的体外抗流感病毒活性研究.结果 与结论1HNMR,13CNMR和量子化学计算表明还原产物为4,5双键(R.A.1)和5,6双键(R.A.2)的异构体混合物,活性测试结果表明该混合物对B型流感病毒具有较强的抑制活性(TC50=1 424.4μmol/L,IC50=417.3μmol/L,SI=3.4),但和一枝蒿酮酸抗B型流感病毒的活性结果相比,将一枝蒿酮酸的3位羰基还原后降低了其对B型流感病毒的抑制活性.     

芹菜籽黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究维药芹菜籽黄酮类化学成分。方法:采用聚酰胺、正相和反相硅胶柱色谱法分离纯化,波谱法进行结构鉴定。结果:从芹菜籽的乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分分得5个化合物,其中4个为黄酮类化合物,其结构鉴定为木犀草素-3′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,1),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3),柯伊利素(chrysoeriol,4),豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)。结论:以上各化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Successful management of a case of true radicular dens invaginatus using platelet‐rich fibrin and guided tissue regeneration

A radicular variant of dens invaginatus (DI) is a rare form of dens invaginatus which develops in the root of the tooth after the crown development is completed. This report involves successful management of a case with guided tissue regeneration and describes the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) characteristics of true radicular DI. A 20‐year‐old woman reported with recurrent swelling and pus discharge associated with her maxillary left central incisor (#21). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the region revealed #21 had an invagination in the mesial aspect of the coronal third of the root with a para radicular low‐density region perforating both the cortices. A diagnosis of true radicular variant of DI was made by exclusion. The case was managed with Biodentine^®, platelet‐rich fibrin and freeze‐dried demineralised bone graft. A 2‐year review showed that the tooth was functional with normal periodontal parameters and normal response to electric pulp sensibility test.     

Gossypium herbaceam extracts inhibited NF-kappaB activation to attenuate spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by amyloid-beta in rats

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) is considered to be responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the protective effect of Gossypium herbaceam extracts (GHE) on learning and memory impairment induced by Abeta were examined in vivo using Morris water maze and step through task. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effect of GHE was investigated with methods of histochemistry and biochemistry. These data showed that oral administration with GHE at the doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg exerted an improved effect on the learning and memory impairment in rats induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 10 microg of Abeta(25-35). Subsequently, the GHE afforded a beneficial action on promotion on the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, as well as inhibition on the NF-kappaB activation in the hippocampus followed by the presence of Abeta(25-35). Meanwhile, the number of degenerating neurons with an apoptotic feature was dramatically decreased in hippocampus after treatment with GHE, implicating that its antioxidant stress and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation could be involved in the mechanism underlying neuroprotection of GHE against Abeta-induced cell death. These findings suggested that GHE might be a potential agent for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

Laevigatbenzoate from Croton laevigatus Vahl.

A new trans-clerodane diterpenoid, laevigatbenzoate (1), was isolated from the leaves of Croton laevigatus Vahl. Its structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration was determined by application of the CD excitation chirality method. This compound showed weak cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 45.4 μM.     

Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus

Dengue fever is regarded as one of the most prominent emerging arboviral infections in Pakistan since its first epidemic almost 2 decades ago. Interplay between potential vectors, susceptible host, and lax environmental conditions may promote the infection, leading to an epidemic. These factors may indeed have played a major role in the spread of the disease in the country, which was limited to Karachi till 2006. With recent natural disasters such as the earthquake in 2005 and flooding in 2010, 2011 and 2012, numbers of vector‐borne diseases and outbreaks including dengue fever are on the rise in Pakistan. Therefore, it is a major concern for health sector workers and of utmost importance to have some understanding of the factors affecting disease outbreak for better risk assessment in the region. In the following report we review the climatic as well as host‐ and vector‐associated factors involved in the outbreak of dengue epidemics in Pakistan and highlight high‐risk zones in the country.