盐酸放线瑞香宁的紫外二阶导数光谱法测定及在兔体内的药代动力学

盐酸放线瑞香宁(actinodaphine-HCl)系从莲叶桐科青藤属植物黑吹风(Illigera khasiana C.B Clarke)中分离提取而得的有效成分,结构式如图1。药理试验证明有解热、镇痛、解痉等作用。本文报告用紫外二阶导数光谱法研究盐酸放线瑞香宁在兔体内的药代动力学结果。家兔4只,体重2.8±0.6kg。盐酸放线瑞香宁由本所植化室提供。氯仿、乙醇均为A.R。Perkin-Elmer型紫外—可见光分光光度计系美国产品。     

Increased Hepatic and Decreased Urinary Metallothionein in Rats after Cessation of Oral Cadmium Exposure

Abstract: We investigated the role of metallothionein (MT) in tissues after cessation of cadmium (Cd) exposure. Wistar rats of both genders were given CdCl₂ in drinking water at daily doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg Cd/kg body‐weight for 12 weeks. Half of the animals were then killed; the others were given Cd‐free water for the following 16 weeks, i.e. until 28 weeks after start of the experiment (28‐week rats). We observed dose‐dependent increases in the levels of MT in the tissues of rats 12 weeks after beginning the experiment (12‐week rats). After the exposure ceased, levels of MT in the 28‐week rats changed in three ways: an increase in the liver, persistence in the kidney cortex and a decrease in the medulla, relative to those levels in their 12‐week counterparts. Biomarkers of kidney dysfunction were determined to be urinary MT (UMT) and urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐d ‐glucosaminidase (UNAG). After 12 weeks, we observed dose‐related statistically significant increases in UMT and UNAG in all of the Cd‐exposed groups. A statistically significant decrease for UNAG between the 12‐ and 28‐week rats occurred among males at the lowest Cd dose and for UMT in all of the Cd‐exposed groups. The unchanged tissue levels of MT in the kidney cortex suggest that decreased UMT is a sign either of (i) decreased transport of Cd‐MT from the liver via blood plasma to the renal tubules or (ii) increased tubular reabsorption and recovery of renal tubular function.     

Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in Alzheimer''s disease and other dementias

Activities of 2 enzymes protecting from free radical damage, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were measured in 4 patients with Alzheimer's disease, in 4 with multi-infarct dementia, in 1 with Huntington's disease and in 1 with Hakola-Nasu disease. In none of these dementing diseases the activities were diminished compared to controls.     

Can an EASYcare based dementia training programme improve diagnostic assessment and management of dementia by general practitioners and primary care nurses? The design of a randomised controlled trial

Background  

Early diagnosis of dementia benefits both patient and caregiver. Nevertheless, dementia in primary care is currently under-diagnosed. Some educational interventions developed to improve dementia diagnosis and management were successful in increasing the number of dementia diagnoses and in changing attitudes and knowledge of health care staff. However, none of these interventions focussed on collaboration between GPs and nurses in dementia care. We developed an EASYcare-based Dementia Training Program (DTP) aimed at stimulating collaboration in dementia primary care. We expect this program to increase the number of cognitive assessments and dementia diagnoses and to improve attitudes and knowledge of GPs and nurses.     

Patterns of elderly spousal caregiving in dementia care: an observational study

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe which caring activities eight spouses performed when caring for a partner with dementia, and in what way these activities were carried out. BACKGROUND: Family caregivers are recognized as being the primary source of care for the community's older people. The largest group is comprised of spouses, with wives as the predominant caregivers. This informal care seems to be more or less invisible and performed in silence within the family. Despite the wealth of studies, the essence of family caregiving is not well understood. METHODS: Data collection was conducted by observing the dyads in their homes. A qualitative approach inspired by grounded theory was chosen to discover qualities and describe patterns of spousal caregiving in dementia care. RESULTS: The analysis yielded four broad themes, which included nine categories. Findings from the study shed some light on the invisible aspects besides the traditional hands-on caregiving. CONCLUSION: The elderly carers were engaged in demanding and time-consuming care ranging from supervision to heavy physical responsibility. They were caring for as well as about their partners. The study also showed that spouses were successful in managing their situation in different ways. The results reported in this article are unique as they come from direct observations in family home settings where a spouse cared for a partner with dementia. Knowledge about family caregiving is valuable for nurses as there is an emphasis on collaboration between family caregivers and professionals.     

脱羰青蒿素的抗疟活性

青蒿素(1)是从青蒿(Artemisia annua)中分离得到的一个抗疟化合物。青蒿素的发现改变了以往抗疟药物均为含氮杂环化合物的格式,开创了一类以过氧化合物为特征的、对抗氯喹虫株有效的新型抗疟药物。七十年代青蒿素结构发表以来,国内外在化学、药理以及临床方面均进行了大量工作,成为当今抗疟药方面最活跃的一个研究课题。这里简要报道     

Neonatal exposure to DDT and its fatty acid conjugate: effects on cholinergic and behavioural variables in the adult mouse

We have recently observed that DDT and a DDT metabolite, DDOH, conjugated to a fatty acid, palmitic acid, DDOH-PA, affects muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MAChR) in the neonatal mouse brain when given to suckling mice during rapid brain growth. This early exposure of the neonatal mouse also affects the behaviour of the animals as adults. When DDT and DDOH-PA was given as a single low oral dose of 1.4 mumol/kg body weight, DDT (0.5 mg), DDOH-PA (0.7 mg) and a 20% fat emulsion vehicle (10 ml) per kg body weight to 10-day-old NMRI mice, behavioural tests at adult age of four months, indicated disruption of a simple, non-associative learning process, i.e. habituation, in both DDT and DDOH-PA treated mice. There was also a significant increase in the potassium evoked release of ACh from slices of cerebral cortex and a tendency towards a decrease in the density of MAChR in mice receiving DDT. These effects in the adult mice could not be correlated to the concentration of DDT in the adult brain since DDT one month after its administration to the 10-day-old mouse no longer is present in the brain.     

重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳酸链球菌表达载体的构建

目的:构建重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳酸链球菌表达载体,为进一步研究人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在乳链菌的表达及其治疗价值奠定基础。方法:实验于2005-04/2006-03在南方医科大学南方医院消化病研究所完成。①载体pNCSF的构建:将质粒集落刺激因子及含有P59启动子、USP45蛋白信号肽的pNBC1000质粒分别加入BamH Ⅰ和Pst Ⅰ进行双酶切,并用Apa Ⅰ、Sac Ⅰ进行双酶切鉴定,重组质粒命名为pNCSF。②SDGFP的TA克隆及载体pNCSFGFP的构建:将经过优化适合在乳链菌表达的人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因克隆于含有P59启动子、USP45蛋白信号肽的pNBC1000载体,得到重组质粒pNCSF;同时设计上下游引物经PCR扩增增强荧光表达蛋白(EGFP),TA克隆后经测序验证,再连接于pNCSF获得重组质粒pNCSFGFP。③载体pTRCSF、pTRCSFGFP的建立:将获得的pNCSF和pNCSFGFP进一步克隆于穿梭载体pTR1001c,以获得人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳链菌表达载体pTRCSF及pTRCSFGFP。结果:①载体pNCSF构建结果:酶切鉴定产物经1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,发现有(含启动子P59、信号肽USP45、人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)720bp的目的片段。②SDGFP的TA克隆及载体pNCSFEGFP的构建结果:SDGFP阳性克隆产物经EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定得到775bp目的片段。pNCSFEGFP酶切鉴定产物经1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,发现有(含启动子P59、信号肽USP45、人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、SDGFP)1495bp的目的片段。③穿梭质粒pTRCSF、pTRCSFGFP酶切鉴定结果:经Xba Ⅰ、Sac Ⅰ进行双酶切鉴定,分别得到约717bp、1492bp大小目的片段。结论:获得了人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳链菌表达载体pTRCSF及pTRCSFGFP,并经酶切鉴定和测序证实。