Oral health status in Sichuan Province:findings from the oral health survey of Sichuan, 2015–2016

To investigate oral health status in the residents of Sichuan Province, southwest China, a cross-sectional study was performed using the latest Oral Health Survey Basic Methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A multistage stratified random cluster-sampling method was used to enroll participants from the following three groups: children aged 3–5 years, adolescents aged 12 years, and people aged 65–74 years. In these three groups, the mean numbers of teeth that were affected by caries were 3.28, 0.86 and 5.13, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of 63.47%, 37.20%and 83.20%, respectively. Relative to the high rate of decayed teeth, the prevalence of fillings was very low in all age groups (0.97%, 7.24% and 5.43%, respectively). In the 12-year-old adolescent group, only 3.61%had good pit and fissure sealing. In addition, the rate of dental fluorosis was 24.80%, and the Community Fluorosis Index value was 0.39. In the elder group, the community periodontal index was 2.92. The prevalence in the elderly of having lost at least one tooth was 75.54%. Additionally, 4.44%of these participants were edentulous. The incidence of dental prosthesis was 51.75%, the proportion with a removable partial denture, a fixed denture, full dentures, dental implants and an informal fixed bridge was 21.59%, 11.45%, 4.64%, 0 and 16.67%, respectively. In this study, 8.2%of the elderly participants were affected by different types of oral mucosal lesions. Among such lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers were most prevalent (2.69%) and oral lichen planuses were second (1.6%). The conclusion presented in this survey is that oral diseases, especially dental caries and periodontal disease, are frequent and common in Sichuan province, China. Moreover, the treatment rate is very low, and primary prevention and treatment options are therefore urgently needed in this population.     

益气解毒化瘀方联合抗病毒治疗对难治性慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群和炎性细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨益气解毒化瘀方联合抗病毒治疗对难治性慢性丙型肝炎（DT-CHC）患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群及炎性因子的影响。方法 选择2013年3 月～2015年2 月收治的84例难治性慢性丙型肝炎患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组（各42 例）。给予对照组聚乙二醇干扰素（Peg-INF-α）联合利巴韦林治疗,观察组采用益气解毒化瘀方联合Peg-INF-α和RBV治疗。随访6 个月,比较两组临床疗效、淋巴细胞亚群、炎性因子变化。结果 治疗6个月时,观察组总有效率和HCV RNA转阴率分别为81.0%和14.3%,均显著高于对照组（57.1%和2.4%,P<0.05）; 观察组外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4/CD8和CD8+细胞分别为（69.3±6.1）%、（36.4±4.2）%、（1.4±0.4）和（25.4±2.5）%,显著高于对照组【分别 为（62.5±5.5）%、（30.2±3.6）%、（1.1±0.4）和（26.9±3.5）%,P<0.05】;观察组L-选择素、可溶性细胞间粘附分子、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α含量分别为（886.2±154.5） ng/ml、（258.7±65.4） ng/ml、（88.7±11.6） pg/ml和（1.3±0.5） ng/m,均显著低于对照组【分别为（1268.9±235.8） ng/ml、（379.6±80.3） ng/ml、（121.6±14.2） pg/ml和（1.6±0.5） ng/ml,P<0.05】;观察组治疗后白细胞和血小板计数均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 益气解毒化瘀方联合Peg-INF-α和利巴韦林治疗能有助于缓解难治性丙型肝炎患者病毒学应答率,改善免疫功能,减少对骨髓抑制的影响,提高治疗效果。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者行腹腔镜乙状结肠癌切除术一例的护理

总结1例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者行腹腔镜乙状结肠癌切除术的护理。其护理要点包括：做好心理支持,全方位呼吸道管理、有效的预防感染和出血护理,做好用药指导。经过有效的诊治和精心的护理,患者于术后第7天出院。     

重视急性肾损伤的临床研究

急性肾损伤(AKI)发病率和死亡率在世界范围内逐年增加。2012年改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)指南明确了新的AKI定义与分期。AKI的新定义给基础研究和常规临床实践带来了巨大的变化,提高了AKI诊断的灵敏度,降低了漏诊率,提高了预测危重患者死亡的能力,临床实用性更强。在此基础上,中国开展了几个大型的、多中心AKI流行病学调查,初步阐明了中国AKI流行病学现状和危险因素。在急性肾损伤的治疗方面,更加强调肾脏的保护与支持,越来越认识到早期干预、液体管理、营养支持以及肾脏替代治疗(RRT)时机的综合管理对AKI预后影响的重要性。     

Characterization of AD-like phenotype in aged APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice

Transgenic APPSwe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice that overproduce amyloid beta (Aβ) are extensively used in the studies of pathogenesis and experimental therapeutics and new drug screening for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, most of the current literature uses young or adult APP/PS1 mice. In order to provide a broader view of AD-like phenotype of this animal model, in this study, we systematically analyzed behavioral and pathological profiles of 24-month-old male APP/PS1 mice. Aged APP/PS1 mice had reference memory deficits as well as anxiety, hyperactivity, and social interaction impairment. Consistently, there was obvious deposition of amyloid plaques in the dorsal hippocampus with decreased expression of insulin-degrading enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme responsible for degradation of intracellular Aβ. Furthermore, decreases in hippocampal volume, neuronal number and synaptophysin expression, and astrocyte atrophy were also observed in aged APP/PS1 mice. This finding suggests that aged APP/PS1 mice can well replicate cognitive and noncognitive behavioral abnormalities, hippocampal atrophy, and neuronal and astrocyte degeneration in AD patients, to enable more objective and refined preclinical evaluation of therapeutic drugs and strategies for AD treatment.     

Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection with colorectal cancer in Chinese patients

AIM: To investigate Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) abundance in colorectal cancer(CRC) tissues and its association with CRC invasiveness in Chinese patients.METHODS: The resected cancer and adjacent normal tissues(10 cm beyond cancer margins) from 101 consecutive patients with CRC were collected. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) was applied to detect F. nucleatum in CRC and normal tissues. The difference of F. nucleatum abundance between cancer and normal tissues and the relationship of F. nucleatum abundance with clinical variables were evaluated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analysis was performed on 22 CRC tissues with the highest F. nucleatum abundance by FQ-PCR testing to confirm FQ-PCR results.RESULTS: The median abundance of F. nucleatum in CRC tissues [0.242(0.178-0.276)] was significantly higher than that in normal controls [0.050(0.023-0.067)](P 0.001). F. nucleatum was over-represented in 88/101(87.1%) CRC samples. The abundance of F. nucleatum determined by 2~(-ΔCT) was significantly greater in tumor samples [0.242(0.178, 0.276)] than in normal controls [0.050(0.023, 0.067)](P 0.001). The frequency of patients with lymph node metastases was higher in the over-abundance group [52/88(59.1%)] than in the under-abundance group [0/13(0%)](P 0.005). No significant association of F. nucleatum with other clinico-pathological variables was observed(P 0.05). FISH analysis also found more F. nucleatum in CRC than in normal tissues(median number 6, 25~(th) 3, 75~(th) 10 vs 2, 25~(th) 1, 75~(th) 5)(P 0.01).CONCLUSION: F. nucleatum was enriched in CRC tissues and associated with CRC development and metastasis.     

托烷司琼与昂丹司琼预防全身麻醉术后恶心呕吐效果的比较:系统评价和Meta分析

目的 系统评价托烷司琼与昂丹司琼预防全身麻醉(以下简称全麻)术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法 遵循PRISMA声明,系统检索了PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Web of Science、CNKI、CBM、万方和维普数据库中有关静脉注射托烷司琼与昂丹司琼后24 h内预防全麻术后恶心呕吐的随机对照临床试验。检索时限为从建库至2015年9月。研究者筛选文献,对纳入的研究进行质量评价、数据提取和Meta分析,并对证据进行GRADE分级。结果 共纳入9篇临床试验报道。Meta分析结果显示,与安慰剂相比,托烷司琼和昂丹司琼均能有效地预防术后恶心呕吐 [RR=0.62, 95%CI(0.43,0.90),P=0.01] [RR=0.67, 95% CI(0.49,0.90), P=0.009];托烷司琼与昂丹司琼预防术后恶心呕吐、术后呕吐、术后恶心的效果差异无统计学意义 [RR=0.95, 95%CI(0.81,1.11), P=0.50] [RR=1.26, 95%CI(0.83,1.91), P=0.28] [RR=0.88, 95%CI(0.42,1.83), P=0.73]。结论 在术后24 h内托烷司琼与昂丹司琼均能有效地预防术后恶心呕吐,但就目前的证据而言,托烷司琼与昂丹司琼预防术后恶心呕吐的效果没有差别。     

头颈部CTA判断大脑中动脉区脑梗死患者供血动脉狭窄的价值

目的探讨头颈部计算机断层扫描血管成像（CTA）在判断大脑中动脉（MCA）区脑梗死患者血管狭窄程度以及与脑梗死程度的相关I生。方法对68例MCA区脑梗死患者进行头颈部CTA检查,分析受累血管狭窄程度及其与脑梗死程度的关系。结果68例中,颈内动脉（ICA）和MCA均正常者5例,单纯ICA狭窄共16例,其中轻度狭窄2例,中度狭窄4例,重度狭窄5例,闭塞5例;单纯MCA狭窄共41例,其中轻度狭窄6例,中度狭窄12例,重度狭窄18例,MCA闭塞5例;MCA合并ICA狭窄6例。ICA或MCA狭窄程度与脑梗死类型有关,狭窄程度越严重,梗死程度越严重（r=0.832,0．938,P〈0．05）。结论头颈部CTA在判断血管狭窄的同时,可预测患者脑梗死的程度,对脑梗死的临床诊断和治疗方案的选择具有重要的指导价值。     

Melamine-induced urinary calculi in infants—sonographic manifestations and outcomes 1 year after exposure

Background

In 2008, the melamine-tainted-milk incident started with reports of increased incidence of urolithiasis in infants in China. Affected children were screened for urolithiasis.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze sonographic characterization of infant melamine-induced urolithiasis.

Materials and methods

Transabdominal US examination was done in 603 infants with melamine-induced calculi. The imaging characteristics of calculi and hydronephrosis were analyzed. Follow-up US imaging was performed.

Results

Comet-tail sign was seen behind the calculus of <4 mm. Calculi of ≥4 mm were found in 299 inpatients with clear posterior border and with or without light shadowing. Solitary and multiple stones had similar incidence. Incidence of calculi in the inferior renal calyx was the highest (55.2%) in inpatients. Calculus size in inpatients age 2–3 years was smaller than that of children younger than 2 years old (P?<?0.05). Inpatients age 2–3 years had the highest incidence rate (48.0%) of hydronephrosis.

Conclusion

Calculi of <4 mm manifested as hyperechoic foci near the renal papillae, while calculi of ≥4 mm usually manifested as echogenic foci with visible inferior edge in the renal calyx. Hydronephrosis was a common imaging finding in inpatients ages 2–3 years.     

A child with isolated nephrotic syndrome and WT1 mutation presenting as a 46, XY phenotypic male

Mutations in the WT1 gene can lead to Denys-Drash syndrome or Frasier syndrome and can also cause isolated nephrotic syndrome (NS). Most patients with isolated NS caused by WT1 mutations present as 46, XX phenotypic females. There have been two cases with an onset age younger than 3 years with isolated NS caused by WT1 mutations presenting as 46, XY phenotypic males. We present a 46, XY phenotypic male patient with isolated NS and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at the age of 6.3 years. He had normal male external genitalia with normal penis length and soft and normal volume of both testes. A mutation, 1051A>G (K351E), in exon 8 of WT1 was identified in the patient. After starting hemodialysis, manifestations of hypertension and renal failure improved, but he died at 6.8 years of age as a result of respiratory failure and heart failure. Our study supports the necessity of searching for mutations in WT1 in 46, XY phenotypic male patients with isolated NS and ESRD.